Oil Burner Nozzle Guide

Install a New Oil Burner Nozzle that Matches the Old One

In our example photo, the red plastic cap on the oil burner nozzle container shows that I"m holding a 0.85 gph 80° angle A-Pattern nozzle.

Cut to the chase? OK, so if you don't know a reason to change, install the same oil burner nozzle type that was already on the burner.

That means the replacement oil burner nozzle will have the same metering rate (GPH), spray angle, and spray pattern.

Those parameters are stamped into the oil burner nozzle tip as well as given on the nozzle container or box.

Watch out: replacing the oil burner nozzle with a new one that matches the specifications of the old one is usually safe and correct. But not always.

An oil burner service technician might have substituted a close but not exact match for the manufacturer-recommended original nozzle type if, for example, she didn't have the right nozzle at hand.

A technician may also substitute a different nozzle spray pattern or type to solve a specific oil burner operating problem like rumbling noise (substituting an AR nozzle).

See also OIL BURNER RUMBLING NOISE

Three Basic Oil Burner Nozzle Parameters: Metering Rate, Spray Angle, Spray Pattern

Below we will discuss three fundamental oil burner nozzle parameters:

• OIL BURNER NOZZLE FIRING RATE GPH
• OIL BURNER NOZZLE SPRAY ANGLE
• OIL BURNER NOZZLE SPRAY PATTERN

1. Oil burner nozzle Metering Rate or Firing Rate in GPH

The metering rate is expressed in gph and is the capacity of the oil burner nozzle to deliver heating oil or the capacity of the oil burner to deliver BTUs.

This is the nozzle firing rate - the number of gallons per hour of No. 2 heating oil that the nozzle will pass, assuming that the oil burner fuel unit is set to 100 psi.

Our oil burner nozzle photo shows you what an oil burner nozzle looks like.

The .85 stamped into the brass nozzle head tells us that this is a 0.85 gph oil burner nozzle.

This is a Delavan brand oil burner nozzle, but all oil burner nozzle brands will include a stamp indicating the three nozzle parameters.

Change the firing rate when operating at a higher oil pressure

Watch out: At higher psi settings such as are often used today, the actual oil consumption rate for a given nozzle, say 0.85 gph, will actually be higher (and can be read from a graph or table of oil pressures and flow rates.)

Back in the old days we used to drop the nozzle one size, say from 0.90 to 0.85 gph and then set up the fuel unit pressure from 100 psi to say 110 or so in order to get better atomization (smaller oil droplets), hotter flame, cleaner burning, and a bit more efficiency out of the oil burner.

Now many modern oil burners actually are intended to be fired at a higher pressure, possibly at 130 or even 140 psi - as you can see on this data tag affixed to a Beckett oil burner we inspected.

For these oil burners, the nozzle sizes specified by the manufacturer presume that the fuel unit is set to the manufacturer's recommended pressure.

Watch out: when reading the oil burner manufacturer's specifications for the proper oil burner nozzle size in gph, be sure to also read the manufacturer's recommended fuel unit oil pressure setting.

If your oil burner pressure is not adjusted to the manufacturer's specification then your oil burner nozzle size could be incorrect or the system may not operate properly.

The table below, excerpted from Delavan's A Total Look at Oil Burners (cited below) illustrates the change in actual oil burner nozzle firing rate in GPH as the nozzle pressure is increased at the fuel unit.

Notes to the table above

1. Original source: - these are approximate GPH flow rates; actual flow rate may vary.
   
   A TOTAL LOOK at OIL BURNER NOZZLES [PDF] (2000) courtesy of Delavan Fuel Metering Products [Website] a reference guide for oil burner service technicians, Delavan Spray Technologies, Fuel Metering Products Division, PO Box 969, Bamberg SC 29003, Tel: 800-982-6943 or 803-245-4347, ( Delavan is a division of BF Goodrich); web search 12/30/2010, original source: http://www.delavaninc.com/pdf/total_look.pdf
2. Changes in oil viscosity that occur at lower or higher temperatures also decrease or increase the actual GPH flow rate of an oil burner nozzle. In cold climates heating oil stored outdoors will be more-greatly affected by ambient temperatures.
3. See this OIL BURNER NOZZLE GPH vs PRESSURE CHART - [image file, also shown below], Monarch Nozzles Inc., 7249-B Browning Rd., Pennsauken NJ 08109 USA, Tel: 1-856-241-1500, Email: hbeccan@monarcnozzles.com

Is it OK to Change the Oil Burner Nozzle Size? Check the oil burner sticker!

It's ok to change the nozzle firing rate on oil fired heating equipment, but only within a limited range.

Take a look at your oil burner for a sticker provided by the manufacturer that gives the acceptable firing rate or gph range of nozzles for that burner and boiler or furnace or water heater.

Above we show where these data tags are found on a modern Beckett oil burner, and below we give you a close-look at the manufacturer's settings data.

Notice that FIRE RNG: 0.50 - 1.10 GPH - that's telling you that this oil burner can be operated with nozzles in the size range of 0.50 gph up to 1.10 gph.

Watch out: Going to a smaller or lower firing rate uses less oil and might be more efficient, but ultimately if you set the firing rate too low for your building the oil burner won't be able to put heat into the boiler or furnace fast enough, so on very cold days your oil burner may run continuously.

Old timers taught that you wanted the nozzle size chosen to fit the building's heating needs such that on the very coldest day of the year, a day rarely encountered, the oil burner might run half or more of the time, but for most of the year it runs considerably less.

How to Calculate the Oil Burner Nozzle Flow Rate in GPH

If your oil burner manual and stickers indicating the burner's preferred oil burner nozzle firing rate are lost, you can calculate the right oil burner nozzle size or firing rate in gallons per hour or GPH as follows: [Adapted from Delavan: A Total Look at Oil Burners, cited in this article.]

Oil Burner Nozzle Size Calculated from Heater Input BTUs

Nozzle GPH = BTU INPUT / 140,000

where 140,000 is a benchmark number of BTUs per gallon of No. 2 home heating oil.

Oil Burner Nozzle Size Calculated from Heater Output BTUs & Efficiency

Nozzle GPH = BTU OUTPUT / (Heater % Efficiency) x 140,000

Oil Burner Nozzle Size Calculated from Hydronic Radiation

Oil Burner Nozzle GPH = Total Sq.Ft. Hot Water x 165 / (Heater % Efficiency) x 140,000

Oil Burner Nozzle Size Calculated from Steam Radiation

Oil Burner Nozzle GPH = Total Sq.Ft. Steam x 240 / (Heater % Efficiency) x 140,000

Watch out: these oil burner nozzle firing rate GPS size calculations are only a starting point because, as Delavan and other experts point out, the heater's output requirements are also very much impacted by the building's heating energy requirements that in turn are affected by air leakiness, insulation R-values, solar gain, physical dimensions and shape of occupied spaces, and local climate or coldest heating day requirements.

2. Oil burner nozzle spray angle

For example the nozzle may be stamped 80°. That defines an 80° spray angle (80 degrees).

Our illustrations explaining the relationship between oil burner spray angle and flame length are adapted from Delavan's Total Look at Oil Burner Nozzles cited below.

You can see that the spray angle of the oil burner nozzle is chosen to fit the general shape and length of the combustion chamber.

Generally in a larger deeper combustion chamber, that is one that is "longer" with respect to the direction of spray of oil, we use a more narrow (and longer) spray pattern in the 30° to 60° range.

In a shorter or smaller combustion chamber, to keep from impinging heating oil in the combustion chamber rear wall (too much impinging means incomplete combustion) we use a more wide-angle spray pattern, perhaps in the 70° to 90° angle range.

3. Oil burner nozzle spray pattern type, hollow, solid, other - Type A vs Type B nozzles

Each spray pattern is designated by a letter stamped into the nozzle on one of its facets. So the nozzle whose data we showed above, a Delavan 80°A means the nozzle sprays at an 80 degree angle with spray pattern "A" which we know is hollow.

There are at least nineteen different spray patterns possible. The basics are hollow vs. solid spray patterns (hollow means the core of the spray contains fewer droplets), and various combinations of these parameters.

Above: a typical Type A oil burner nozzle, hollow-core spray pattern. [Click to enlarge any image]

Below: a typical type B oil burner nozzle solid core spray pattern. Solid core spray pattern type B nozzles are more-often used in larger oil burners. Delavan notes that a type B spray pattern oil burner nozzle's actual spray becomes more hollow in the core at higher firing rates at or above 8 gph.

Another common oil burner nozzle pattern is the Type W nozzle that is "in between" a hollow-cone and a solid-cone spray pattern. Type W nozzles are sometimes substituted for an A or B spray pattern nozzle.

Oil Burner Nozzle Spray Droplet Size Range

This discussion has moved

to OIL BURNER NOZZLE DROPLET SIZE RANGE - separate article

Table of Oil Burner Nozzle Patterns & Properties

Notes to the table above

The duplication in codes accommodates not only a range of oil burner nozzle manufacturers or OEM specifications, but also some special features.

For example, the Special Design AR nozzle is designed to minimize oil burner flame noise or rumble. One of our favorite nozzles was the Monarch™ AR series for just this reason.

Also see OIL BURNER NOZZLE SUBSTITUTIONS for general oil burner nozzle substitution chart, adapted from Delavan and other sources.

Oil fired heater BTU output estimating tip: If there is no data tag on the furnace or you can't find the oil burner output BTUH you can guess it as follows:

Multiply the oil burner nozzle size (firing rate in gallons per hour) x 138,200 (Btus per gallon of No. 2 heating oil) x an efficiency estimate (use .75 for older furnaces and .80 for newer furnaces if you don't have a recent efficiency measurement).

At HEATING OIL USAGE RATE and

A TOTAL LOOK at OIL BURNER NOZZLES [PDF] provided courtesy of Delavan explains the effects of increasing fuel unit output pressure on the actual oil burner nozzle flow rate in GPH of oil.

Oil Burner Manufacturer Recommended Oil Burner Nozzles

Below: Delavan's summary table describes the both recommended and substitute oil burner nozzle types or patterns for various oil burner manufacturers including Aero, R.W. Beckett, Carlin, Riello, Intertherm, Wayne, and Weil-McLain.

Also see OIL BURNER NOZZLE SUBSTITUTIONS for more oil burner nozzle cross-reference charts.

Color Codes for Oil Burner Nozzle Caps or Vials

Oil burner plastic case colors or case cap colors often are used as a quick guide to the oil burner nozzle's spray pattern.

You might see for example red caps associated with a particular nozzle spray pattern. And blue caps with another pattern. I give some examples of oil burner nozzle color coding below.

If the manufacturer is using color coding for the caps on or vials for the oil burner nozzle containers it may vary among manufacturers, but as you'll see in my table below, there are indeed some conventions such as

• Blue = B - Solid cone spray pattern
• Green = W = All Purpose
• Red = A = Hollow cone spray pattern

- see the table below.

Watch out: You'll notice that while there are conventions, the letter codes do not map perfectly among manufacturers and some produce nozzle types not sold by others.

For example a gray Hago oil burner nozzle vial signifies an air-atomizing siphon nozzle intended for burning waste oil while a gray Delavan oil burner nozzle vial would signify either an AR-D solid anti-rumble nozzle or an R-D center-weighted solid cone nozzle.

Watch out: Take a look at the letters marked on the oil burner nozzle vial cap and then look at the letters and numbers stamped into the nozzle itself to be sure your nozzle is what the vial cap and color say it is.

...

...

Notes to the table above:

Danfoss Oil Burner Nozzle Pattern Descriptions

See details of these nozzle types and features at Hago Oil Burner Nozzles below.

• AB - Semi-Solid - 45° to 80°, from 0.40 to 2.00 GPH
• AS - Solid - as above
• AH - Hollow - as above
• B -Solid Cone
• H - Hollow Cone
• S - ? see B
• EH - use with kerosene - 60° & 80°, 0.4 to 1.10 US GPH
• ES - use with kerosene - as above
• OD-B Semi-Solid
• OD-H - Hollow
• OD-S - Solid
• Siphon -

Delavan Nozzle Pattern Descriptions

• Black / Yellow: Del-O-FloTM nozzles are low-capacity
  
  nozzles designed to minimize the plugging problems associated with very low flow rates.
  
  The special interior design of the Del-O-FloTM flushes contaminants through, limiting build-up. These nozzles will satisfactorily interchange with other hollow and solid cone nozzles. The Del-O-Flo is available in 0.40 GPH up to 0.85 GPH.
• Blue: B SOLID-CONE
  
  Type B-nozzles produce a spray that distributes droplets fairly uniformly throughout the complete pattern.
  
  The spray pattern becomes progressively more hollow at higher flow rates, particularly above
  8.00 GPH. Provides smooth ignition and efficient combustion, particularly in larger burners.
• Blue, Light / Powder Blue: SS Semi-Solid nozzle
  
  (.50-2.00) 600, 700, and 800 spray angles; interchanges with other SS nozzles.
• Gray, dark: Type R-D
  
  Nozzles have a high concentration of droplets in the center of the spray cone.
  
  They are particularly recommended for burners with a highly concentrated solid air pattern. The average droplet size is slightly coarser than on the Standard Solid Cone Type B.
• Gray, light: Type AR-D
  
  Nozzles are of a “solid cone” type similar to Type B but with a slightly lower concentration of the droplets in the center of the cone. They are high performance in burners of low up to medium capacity (up to flows of 2.00 GPH).
• Green: Type W
  
  “ALL PURPOSE” -nozzles are neither truly hollow nor solid.
  
  These nozzles frequently can be used in place of either solid or hollow cone nozzles between 0.40 and 8.00 GPH, regardless of the burner’s air pattern. The lower flow rates tend to be more solid.
• Orange: MH Type .579 MH Mobile Home Nozzles are low-capacity nozzles designed for mobile home use.
  
  This design will minimize the usual plugging problems associated with low flow rates.
• Red: HOLLOW-CONE
  
  Type A-nozzles are mainly used on burners with a hollow cone air pattern and for through puts up to 2.00 GPH.
  
  The droplet distribution is concentrated on the outside of the cone and results in good ignition and low-noise combustion.
  

Hago Oil Burner Nozzle Descriptions

Note: Hago products are now managed and sold under the Danfoss brand. At our citations below, see Danfoss Oil Burner Nozzle Summary Chart; Also see Danfoss above.

• Black: B – SOLID CONE
  
  BLACK CAPS Designed to give optimum combustion efficiency on high static pressure flame retention burners which specify a “B” pattern. As compared to the “ES” pattern, somewhat more fuel is concentrated towards the center of the spray.
• Blue: LC – LARGE CAPACITY
  
  BLUE CAPS These nozzles are uniquely designed for outstanding combustion in large commercial burners. They have large internal passageways to accommodate high flow rates. They produce a semi-solid “universal” pattern.
• Blue: S-S – SEMI SOLID CONE
  
  BLUE CAPS Most suitable for general applications where exact air pattern or spray pattern requirements can’t be established. Droplet distribution is relatively even across spray cone in smaller flow rates, but becomes more hollow as flow rates increase.
  
  Also listed as SS
• Gray: SIPHON NOZZLE
  
  GREY CAPS Air atomizing nozzle for the combustion of waste oil and other variable waste oil products.
  
  Excerpt from Danfoss: The “Siphon, Air Atomizing” nozzle produces an extremely fine solid spray pattern and is typically used for the combustion of waste oil and other recycled oil products. These nozzles have a multiple fuel grade application ranging from kerosene up to pre-heated #6 oil.
• Green: ES – SOLID CONE
  
  GREEN CAPS Our original solid cone series for low flow rates. Available for applications specifying a solid “ES” pattern.
• Green: P – SOLID CONE
  
  GREEN CAPS The “P” type is an extension of our “B” and “ES” series for firing rates of 2.00 GPH and above. It produces a solid cone pattern in the low rates and becomes more hollow as the flow rate increases. Specially designed with a pocketed disc to reduce combustion noises and pulsation.
• Orange: W – UNIVERSAL NOZZLE
  
  ORANGE CAPS
  For installations where the use of a defined hollow or solid nozzle does not provide the combustion result desired.
  
• Red: EH – EXTRA HOLLOW CONE
  
  RED CAPS This type “EH” is an extension of our hollow cone series. Available from 4.00 GPH through 30.00 GPH. It is specified in many commercial applications.
• Red: H – HOLLOW CONE
  
  RED CAPS - This series distributes the atomized oil particles evenly toward the outside of the spray cone. These nozzles are particularly well suited for low firing rates and burners with hollow air pattern. Normally used in wider spray angles.
  
  Danfoss excerpt:
  The “H” nozzle distributes atomised oil droplets evenly throughout a narrow band inside the outer edge of the s pray cone pattern. Typical applications are oil burners that produce a hollow air pattern and lower firing rate applications.
• H-DFN
• White: DFN – DUAL FILTRATION
  
  WHITE CAPS Available in hollow (DFN-H) and solid cone (DFN-B) patterns, the DFN nozzles give enhanced protection against clogging in the very low rates.

Steinen Oil Burner Nozzle Designations

• A - Hollow
• AR - Special Design [Anti Rumble]
• B - Solid
• C - Hollow
• CM - Semi-Hollow
• EH - Extra Hollow
• H - Hollow
• H or S - Hollow or Solid
• HV - High Velocity - Narrow Spray
• P - Solid
• PLP - Semi-Solid
• R - Solid
• NS - Hollow
• S - Solid
• SH - Semi-Hollow
• SS - Semi-Solid
• Q - Special Design
• W - Special Design
  

Other Oil Burner Nozzle Features

At the right side of the nozzle assembly you can see the sintered bronze filter that protects the oil burner nozzle orifice from clogging.

But of course if oil reaching this point is dirty (say you never installed that oil filter or it's leaking debris), this final filter will clog.

Our oil burner nozzle photograph above shows the outlet end of the nozzle and you can see that there is a stainless steel insert with a small opening that forms the spray pattern for this device.

Before manufacturers started using these beautiful steel inserts the entire oil burner nozzle was made of brass - and the spray opening would wear during the heating season, leading to a bad spray pattern.

This is not the case any longer and the nozzle below will have no wear problems provided it is replaced during annual maintenance.

In an emergency, oil burner techs suggest cleaning this filter or even removing it and trying to de-clog the nozzle orifice. We don't recommend those steps.

First off a new oil burner nozzle is not expensive.

Second using a wire in the nozzle orifice will likely damage it and ruin the spray pattern.

When the service company buys oil burner nozzles (in huge quantities in their case) each oil burner nozzle comes in a (usually color-coded) plastic container such as the one we show at left, indicating the gph rating and the nozzle angle and spray pattern.

The number of oil burner nozzle sizes and spray patterns is quite large because the nozzle properties have to accommodate not only models of oil burners themselves but more critically, different sizes and shapes of combustion chambers in boilers, furnaces, and water heaters, and different combustion chamber designs (wet base, dry base, for example).

So how do we choose the right oil burner nozzle? We need to know the equipment specifications for the oil burner nozzle recommended by the manufacturer.

You can find that in the installation and service manual for the oil fired device, you can ask the manufacturer, or you can use a nozzle guide such as the W.M. Steinen Mfg. Co. Nozzle guide - a book that lists literally thousands of oil burner nozzles for every application.

We show an example page from Steinen below.

You will see that for each brand of oil burner, or boiler, furnace, or water heater, and for each model within that brand, there is a listing of the required oil burner nozzle. These oil burner nozzle specifications will show the GPH capacity, spray angle, and spray pattern.

Oil Burner Nozzle Guide Books & Manuals

• Audel, OIL HEAT TEXTBOOK, Audel's OIL BURNER GUIDE, INSTALLATION, SEVICING, REPAIRING re-published here free, on-line, as a series of web pages is the original Audels Oil Burner Guide Installation, Servicing, Repairing, Frank D. Graham, 1940's edition (obsolete).
  
  Updated versions of this guide are available in various editions, 1947, 1950, 1955, 1958, 1959, 1962, 1965, 1967, and at prices from around $3.00 to nearly $70.00 - useful for simple, clear, but not current, explanation of how heating equipment works.
  
  The original retail price was $1.00. Used copies are available

Note that below both Danfoss and Hago oil burner nozzles are essentially the same company; check documentation and nozzle guides under both brand names and substitution charts.

• Beckett Corporation, 38251 Center Ridge Rd., North Ridgeville, OH 44039 440-327-1060 Email: sales@beckettcorp.com supplies residential and commercial oil burners for boilers, furnaces, and water heaters - see www.beckettcorp.com/
• Beckett, SELECTING the PROPER [OIL BURNER] NOZZLE [PDF] Beckett Corp., - retrieved 2022/05/24, original source: https://www.beckettcorp.com/support/tech-bulletins/selecting-the-proper-nozzle/
• Beckett, THE EFFECT of HIGH OIL VISCOSITY on OIL BURNER PERFORMANCE [PDF] (1985) Beckett Corp., - retrieved 2022/05/24, original source: https://www.beckettcorp.com/support/tech-bulletins/the-effect-of-high-oil-viscosity-on-oil-burner-performance/
• Danfoss, DANFOSS BURNER COMPONENTS SERVICE MANUAL [PDF] Danfoss , Website: burner.danfoss.com, - retrieved 2021/06/20 original source: https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/49906/AX135386471721en-GB0301.pdf
• Danfoss OIL BURNER NOZZLE TYPES SUMMARY CHART [PDF] (2008) Danfoss, retrieved 2021/06/20 original source: Sid Harvey, at https://www.sidharvey.com/documents/danfoss.pdf
• Danfoss, DANFOSS OIL BURNER NOZZLES TYPES AS, AH, AB DATA SHEET [PDF] (2019) Danfoss, Danfoss Toronto, ON / Baltimore, MD Toll Free: 888-DANFOSS (326-3677) Option #3 for Heating, U.S. Website: heating.danfoss.us Website Canada: heating.cs.na@danfoss.com, Nozzles: 0.4 to 2.00 GPH
• Danfoss, DANFOSS OIL BURNER NOZZLES TYPES AB, AH, AS, OD DATA SHEET [PDF] (2019) Danfoss, Op. Cit. , 0.4 to 3.00 US GPH, CSA certified to 2.0 US GPH
• Danfoss, DANFOSS OIL BURNER NOZZLES TYPES B, H, S-S DATA SHEET [PDF] (2019) Toronto, ON/Baltimore, MD Toll Free: 888-DANFOSS (326-3677) Option #3 for Heating heating.danfoss.us heating.cs.na@danfoss.com
• Danfoss, DANFOSS OIL BURNER NOZZLES TYPES EH & ES DATA SHEET [PDF] (2019) Op. Cit.
• Danfoss, EXCHANGE BURNER COMPONENTS with DANFOSS [PDF] (2017) Danfoss, retrieved 2021/06/20, original source: https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/49837/AX031086456770en-US0101.pdf
  
  Tip this document includes QR Scan Codes that provide instructional videos on oil nozzles, pumps, filters, and other oil burner maintenance and repair tasks.
  
  The document includes discussion of oil burner parts conversions such as Danfoss RS to RSA pumps, Danfoss RSL/MSL/MS/BFP pumps to BFP pumps, Suntec to BFP, Eckerle pumps to BFP, and Delta pumps to BFP.

• Danfoss, FACTS WORTH KNOWING ABOUT OIL [BURNER] NOZZLES [PDF] Danfoss , Website: burner.danfoss.com or heating.danfoss.com Email: heating@danfoss.com - retrieved 2021/06/20 original source: https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/100682/AG045286452015en-010101.pdf
  Danfoss has offices world wide
  
  Excerpt:
  The oil nozzle plays a vital role in combustion and it is quite impossible to get CLEAN, STABLE and ECONOMIC plant operation if it is not handled correctly. A technician in the oil burner field will, naturally – or to put it more strongly – necessarily, know about the function of the oil nozzle and of its significance in the combustion sequence.
  
  Fortunately, to learn about oil nozzles it is not necessary to read for a science degree. Instead, more convenient means are to hand – a moment or two, somewhere to relax, and this book.
• Danfoss, PRACTICAL TIPS for OIL BURNER NOZZLES [PDF] Danfoss, retrieved 2021/06/20 original source: https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/100691/AG045286446960en-010101.pdf
• Danfoss Oil Burner Nozzles - India: Website: http://www.danfossoilnozzles.com/charts.html
• Delavan, A TOTAL LOOK at OIL BURNER NOZZLES [PDF] (2000) Spray technologies, Fuel Metering Products Operation P.O. Box 969, Bamberg, South Carolina 29003 USA, Tel: (803) 245-4347 (800) 982-6943 Web: www.delavaninc.com
  
  courtesy of Delavan Fuel Metering Products [Website http://www.delavaninc.com/] a reference guide for oil burner service technicians, Delavan Spray Technologies, Fuel Metering Products Division, PO Box 969, Bamberg SC 29003, Tel: 800-982-6943 or 803-245-4347, ( Delavan is a division of BF Goodrich); web search 12/30/2010, original source: http://www.delavaninc.com/pdf/total_look.pdf
  
  Note & disclosure: when we (DF) were servicing oil burner equipment, Delavan nozzles gave us such excellent results, especially using hollow cone spray patterns in solving combustion problems, that this brand was our standard stock-item on our truck.
  
  Other brands of oil burner nozzles are of course also of excellent quality. It is the proper matching of nozzle size and type and spray pattern to the equipment that is critical.
• EccoSupply, OIL BURNER NOZZLE CATALOG [PDF] (2011) EccoSupply, 1131 Central Avenue Thunder Bay, ON P7B 7C9 Canada, Tel: 807-346-4464 Fax: 807-346-4423 Toll Free: 1-877-530-3223 Website: www.eccosupply.ca retrieved 2020/01/10 original source: https://www.eccosupply.ca/pdf/price-lists/14.%20Miscellaneous/Oil%20Burner%20Nozzles.pdf
  Ecco Supply has locations or suppliers in most of the Canadian provinces.
• Hago: A TECHNICIANS GUIDE to HAGO OIL BURNER NOZZLES [PDF] Danfoss, original publisher, Hago Manufacturing, Inc., retrieved 2021/06/20 original source: https://assets.danfoss.com/documents/49837/AX031086456770en-US0101.pdf
• Olson, E.O., FUEL NOZZLES FOR OIL BURNERS, TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATIONS [PDF], E. O. Olson, Chief Engineer (deceased) Delavan Fuel Metering Products Operation, Bamberg, South Carolina, Delavan Fuel Metering Products, a reference guide for oil burner service technicians, Delavan Spray Technologies, Fuel Metering Products Division, PO Box 969, Bamberg SC 29003, Tel: 800-982-6943 or 803-245-4347, ( Delavan is a division of BF Goodrich); web search 12/30/2010, original source: http://www.delavaninc.com/pdf/Fuel_Nozzles_for_Burners.PDF
  
  Editor's note: if you are only going to read one article to understand oil burner nozzles, make it this one.
• OHSM, The ABC's of Retention Head Oil Burners, National Association of Oil Heat Service Managers, TM 115, National Old Timers' Association of the Energy Industry, PO Box 168, Mineola, NY 11501. (Excellent tips on spotting problems on oil-fired heating equipment. Booklet.)
• Steinen, Nozzle Guide,(1970) [Copy on file] WM. Steinen Manufacturing Co., 29 East Halsey Rd., Parsippany, NJ 07054, Tel: 201-8887-6400
  
  This guide provides specifications including oil burner nozzle for every oil fired equipment manufacturer to 1970.
• For other models of oil burners and their adjustments
  
  see OIL BURNER MANUALS .