Photo Guide to Asbestos Pipe Insulation

Type of Asbestos Used on Heating & Other Pipes

World wide from about 1900 up to the 1970's in the U.S. and into the 1980's in some other countries, asbestos, principally Chrysotile asbestos (white asbestos) was used in pipe insulation and pipe wrap to retain heat in heating and hot water systems and to avoid condensation on cold water supply piping.

Chrysotile is a serpentine (winding or curly fiber) asbestos form that comprised most of the world's asbestos-products.

Our photos of corrugated-paper asbestos pipe insulation shown here the dominant asbestos is usually chrysotile asbestos and the insulation is white with a gray or blush-hue.

Chrysotile asbestos was also used on pipe elbows and on boilers in an asbestos-based plaster-like coating or compound: asbestos lagging or pipe lagging.

Chrysotile asbestos (white asbestos) was also used in roofing siding, brake shoes and pads, boiler seals, and in paper form as a duct wrap or seal.

Other Asbestos Forms

Crocidolite (blue asbestos)

was used in spray-on insulating coatings such as on boilers, steam engines, and sometimes as heating or other pipe insulation. This is an amphibole (needle-shaped fiber) asbestos that is particularly hazardous.

Amosite asbestos (brown asbestos)

was used in asbestos-cement products including asbestos cement roofing and siding, also in softer ceiling tiles and insulating boards or panels. This is also an amphibole asbestos form.

Anthophyllite asbestos (gray, green, or white asbestos)

was less-widely used but appears in some asbestos insulation products as well as in the form of an un-invited contaminant in talc and in vermiculite from some (but not all) talc or vermiculite mines.

Actinolite asbestos and Tremolite asbestos (brown, gray, green, or white asbestos)

appear as contaminants in some other asbestos products and in talc or vermiculite from some mines.

For those purposes one of the most common forms of asbestos pipe insulation is the fabric-wrapped corrugated asbestos pipe insulation show here.

At joints, valves and other irregular surfaces the pipe, elbow, coupling or other fitting insulation was continued by use of an asbestos-reinforced pipe lagging: a plaster-like paste also referred to as "hard lagging". You'll find asbestos lagging also on boilers, valves, claorifiers (water heaters), and on water tanks.

Asbestos pipe insulation also shows up occasionally as an asbestos paper or as an asbestos-impregnated spiral wrap used on pipes and shown later in this article.

Don't Mistake Fiberglass Pipe Wrap Insulation for Asbestos

Images of Fiberglass Pipe Insulation Wrap

The photographs shown here assist in distinguishing between corrugated asbestos paper pipe wrap from fiberglass insulation pipe wrap.

Show just above: fiberglass pipe insulation wrapped in a plastic or synthetic fabric cover. Un

Thanks to readers JJ the photo of fiberglass heating pipe insulation and the vertical drain line insulation shown above. Look carefully at the end of these wrapped insulation sections (see my photo just below) to see the difference between fiberglass (pink or yellow or white fibers) and asbestos (corrugated asbestos paper). .

Shown below: I have peeled back a little of the white-painted outer fabric to show the yellow fiberglass interior on this pipe insulation. .

The photograph shown at the page top is some "new old stock" corrugated asbestos pipe insulation that was never used - just left in a basement ceiling.

Corrugated Asbestos Paper Pipe Insulation

Look closely at the photos that follow as it these are clear examples of the visual characteristics of the corrugated-paper-like asbestos wrap which was used along the lengths of heating and other plumbing pipes in buildings.

Below: corrugated asbestos paper pipe insulation, end-view.

While an expert lab test using polarized light microscopy may be needed to identify the specific type of asbestos fiber, or to identify the presence of asbestos in air or dust samples,

many asbestos-containing building products not only are obvious and easy to recognize, but since there were not other look-alike products that were not asbestos, a visual identification of this material can be virtually a certainty in many cases.

A professional asbestos removal company would not have left these un-used asbestos pipe insulation sections "stored" here.

More photographs of asbestos heating pipe insulation can be seen

at ASBESTOS in GOOD CONDITION

and
at
ASBESTOS in POOR CONDITION

Watch out: as we illustrate at the ASBESTOS in POOR CONDITION article linked-to just above, you might find newer fiberglass heating pipe insulation installed over an amateur or incomplete asbestos removal job.

That article shows examples of incompletely-removed asbestos indicating an amateur or improper asbestos abatement job.

Asbestos pipe insulation, insulated over with spray foam

Here's an example of an insulation retro-fit using spray foam insulation.

A professional would not have left this asbestos pipe insulation in place.

Perhaps more of this material will be found elsewhere in the building.

If a section of asbestos insulation were found to have been totally encapsulated by the new spray foam insulation, such as in a wall cavity, most experts would be expected to recommend that it be simply left alone.

Asbestos Spiral Pipe Wrap: Stick-on Asbestos Pipe Insulation

White / Gray Self-Adhesive Pipe Wrap Asbestos

Our reader asked:

Going through my basement of my 1973 built house looking for electrical things and found this on the pipes. It's sticky and has white and brown "pellets" in it. On 2023-03-12 by Kyle

by InspectApedia Editor (mod)

@Kyle,

Indeed that's a stick-on wrap-around pipe insulation that might contain asbestos. It's certainly not friable, so the risk of airborne particle release is extremely-low. Best to leave it alone.

Black Self-Adhesive Insluating Pipe Tape Asbestos

Does this pipe tape contain asbestos?

Wondering what this tape is all about and if it might have asbestos? It smells very moldy and old and is chipping off in chunks. Located under the stair in a home built in 1960 in the suburbs of Minneapolis. Would love to replace it to rid the smell, if possible. - On 2021-12-29 by Lee -

by Inspectapedia Com Moderator (mod) - yes, your stick-on insulating pipe wrapping tape might contain asbestos

@Lee,

I remember using that stick-on pipe wrap myself (DJF) - popular in the 1950s-1970s but not its constituents. It was a putty-like material that would stick to itself and to the pipe. It's not friable. Treat it as non-friable ACM or have a sample tested.

Here is some historical research on stick-on insulating pipe wrap or insulating tape: at least some of these used asbestos.

• Reynolds, Albert H. "Material for wrapping pipes and for covering metallic surfaces." U.S. Patent 2,311,572, issued February 16, 1943. - no mention of asbestos
• Shoan, Raymond A. "Material for wrapping pipes and for covering metallic surfaces." U.S. Patent 2,311,573, issued February 16, 1943.
  
  Patten, Cleo M., and Jr Carleton E. Bryant. INSULATING TAPE [PDF] U.S. Patent 2,353,494, issued July 11, 1944.
  Excerpt:
  
  In the drawing [shown below], a conventional insulating tape is shown comprising a flexible sheathing 2 having an insulating filler 3 disposed therein.
  
  The sheathing 2 may be of any flexible type suitable for confining the insulating filler and is preferably a woven or knitted asbestos fabric having a flattened, tubular shape.
  
  While the filler 3 may be of any flexible insulating composition adapted to be confined within the sheathing 2, it is preferably asbestos fibres or mineral wool fibres either loose or in the form of rovings, fabric or the like.
• Reynolds Jr, Harold J., George P. Leistensnider, and Angelo A. Forte. HELICOID LAMINATE COMPRISING SEVERAL CONTINUOUS TIERED STRIPS [PDF] U.S. Patent 3,616,123, issued October 26, 1971. - many mentions of asbestos
  
  -- illustrated below
  
  This is typical of a widely-used range of stick-on pipe wraps that contained asbestos.
  Excerpt:
  
  Referring in detail to the drawings, the tri-ply form of insulation wrap 2 shown in FIG. 2, as applied to metal pipe 4, ...
  

Continuing with more research illustrating asbestos use in stick-on putty-like insulating pipe wrap products

• Rudolph, Oscar J. INSULATING TAPE [PDF] U.S. Patent 2,366,291, issued January 2, 1945. Application filed by Union Asbestos and Rubber Co
  
  illustrated below
  

• Quinn, Robert G. MANUFACTURE OF REINFORCED ASBESTOS PAPER [PDF] U.S. Patent 2,401,314, issued June 4, 1946.
  
  Reynolds Jr, Harold J. "Process for making helically wrapped insulation." U.S. Patent 3,657,041, issued April 18, 1972.
  

finally, though I cited a reinforced asbestos paper pipe or duct wrap patent earlier, we also have

• Shoan, Raymond A. MATERIAL FOR WRAPPING PIPES AND FOR COVERING METALLIC SURFACE [PDF] U.S. Patent 2,291,838, issued August 4, 1942.
  
  that specifically made use of asbestos paper:
  Excerpt:
  
  The preferred form of fibrous material may be' exemplified as by kraft paper or by asbestos paper. The strips 5c5d have an elastic protective coating lid on the opposed outer surface and which may enclose the edges of all of said strips.
  

Example of black spiral pipe wrap that may contain asbestos

Our reader asked: Can you help us identify what this black pipe wrap is? We want to make sure that it is not hazardous as it is crumbling onto the shelves below. The house was built in the 1950's and the pipe wrap appears to be quite old as there is evidence that old ceiling tiles were glued to it at one point. The wrap is stiff/hard to the touch. Thank you. On 2021-10-26 by John

Explanation by inspectapedia.com.moderator (mod) - self-fusing or self-stick or Stick-on insulating pipe wrap, black (or white)

@John,

That looks like a black bituminous stick-on pipe wrap insulation. It was widely sold in black and also in light gray, in rolls, also used for press-on weather stripping at windows and doors.

It is not a friable material, so even if it contains asbestos you'd be hard-pressed to detect a hazardous asbestos fibre or dust release from such a product under normal conditions.

DOES THIS MATERIAL CONTAIN ASBESTOS? - 5 easy questions to tell if a BUILDING MATERIAL probably contains asbestos

https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/DIY-Asbestos-Material-Test.php

can help you provide more contextual information that addresses the asbestos question.

Watch out: that green corrosion on the stem packing nut of those two shut-off valves suggests that there has been leakage at both of them.

Take a look to be sure repair isn't needed to stop any active leaking. (Often it's simply a bit of gentle tightening of the packing nut)

Copper water pipes wrapped with self-adhesive Asbestos Pipe "Tape"

Are these copper water pipes wrapped with asbestos? They are hidden above the drop ceiling in the basement. 2018/08/12 Dan

Moderator reply: quite possibly, yes.

Dan

That could be an asbestos-containing pipe wrap; sticky asbestos-reinforced yellow-white or gray-white pipe wrap was used in North America.

To answer your question it would be helpful to know the age of the building, piping, and when the wrap was installed.

In the 1970's I installed an asbestos-based pipe wrap that looked much like that in your photo.

Give me more details about the building age and country and city and I may be able to comment further.

Keep in mind that putty-like stick-on pipe wrap insulations are not friable - not likely to release asbestos fibres.

Reader follow-up:

The house was built in 1973 in Maryland. Another question is about what appears to be black mold on the wrap. I am assuming that either way, we're going to have to get a professional to remove this, correct?

Moderator reply:

Dan

I agree that the black stuff looks like mold growth.

The pipe wrap appears to be intact and not shedding.

The safest, least-costly and most-recommended approach (including by US EPA) is to leave such insulation in place, undisturbed, covering or encapsulating it.

The only down-side is that some day if a section of pipe has to be repaired it has then to be handled with appropriate care.

If your pipe insulation is what it looks like, originally it had a sticky surface - as I said earlier, it's not likely to be shedding if left alone. I'd encapsulate it.

Asbestos in "Magnesia" - Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO₃) Insulation & Pipe Wrap

Does this 100% pure magnesium carbonate insulation contain asbestos?

I have several stickers that say 100 percent magnesium carbonate. Does this mean no asbestos? - Terrance 2022/11/28

Moderator reply:

Here is what PubChem says

Magnesium carbonate is a magnesium salt with formula CMgO3. Its hydrated forms, particularly the di-, tri-, and tetrahydrates occur as minerals. It has a role as an antacid and a fertilizer. It is a magnesium salt, a carbonate salt, a one-carbon compound and an organic magnesium salt.

Magnesium carbonate, also known as magnesite, is a common over the counter remedy for heartburn and upset stomach caused by overproduction of acid in the stomach.

MAGNESIUM CARBONATE PROPERTIES [PDF] U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health (NIH), retrieved 2022/12/03, original source: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-carbonate

The question is a good one because some asbestos pipe insulation was definitely made of a combination of magnesium carbonate and asbestos

Watch out: some but not all Magnesium Carbonate insulation and pipe wrap contained asbestos. Pure MgCO₃ was used in some pipe insulation like that shown above, posted by InspectApedia reader Terrance, but other MgCO₃ insulation was mixed with "pure asbestos", as described by the reader Q&A below.

Is this Johns Manville 85% Magnesium Carbonate Insulation an Asbestos Hazard?

So I removed a bunch of insulation from some cast iron pipes because I thought it was safe and then I saw the sticker . How worried should I be About my exposure - Todd

This Q&A were posted originally

at ASBESTOS PIPE INSULATION FAQs

Moderator reply:

@Todd,

I would sure like to see a sharp photo of that insulation label. But it LOOKS as if it says "Johns Manville Magnesium Insulation".

According to the company that product - at least in the U.S. in the 1950s, was made of 85% Magnesium Carbonate and "pure asbestos insulation".

If you made a dusty mess you could well have created an asbestos hazard and it would be appropriate to properly and expertly clean the affected areas of the building and the contents in the affected area - typically a professional will use a combination of damp wiping, HEPA vacuuming, and some clearance testing of settled dust in the building to check for cross-contamination of other areas.

Johns Manville's Product Description of J-M 85% Magnesia Pipe Insulation

No one can assess the actual level of asbestos exposure from your prior work as no one has a shred of information about the amount of material, its level of disturbance, the extent to which dust and debris would or could enter other building areas, etc.

My OPINION is that what's appropriate now is to focus on evaluating the building and having the proper extent of cleanup completed.

I imagine you're going to ask me about your health risks - that's a question to take to your doctor. Nobody can assess that by text and photographs: trying to do so would be so speculative as to be of little value and possibly harmful.

Watch out: do have this asbestos material properly removed / encapsulated and your building properly evaluated and, if necessary, cleaned, but do NOT panic. Panic will result in extra and probably un-needed high cost to both your health and your wallet.

Keep me posted and add photos if you can safely do so.

Illustration: Applying 85% Magnesia Blocks to a large boiler wall - Johns Manville 1952 catalog p. IM-3.

Modern alternatives include asbestos-free Calcium Silicate inslulation described by Johns Manville.

• Johns Manville A BRIEF HISTORY of CALCIUM SILICATE INSULATION [PDF] Johns Manville Corp., - retrieved 2022/11/18 original source: https://www.jm.com/en/blog/2014/march/a-brief-history-of-calcium-silicate-insulation/
  
  Excerpt:
  Today’s calcium silicate manufactured in North America is noted for its high compressive strength, corrosion-inhibiting properties, and high temperature structural integrity. It can withstand continuous temperatures up to either 1200°F (650°C) (Type I, for pipe and block) or 1700°F (927°C)(Type II, fire endurance boards).
  
  Calcium silicate first evolved about 1950 from two earlier types of high temperature thermal insulation: 85% magnesium carbonate and pure asbestos insulation.
  
  At one time there were as many as eight manufacturing plants in North America making use of a number of different manufacturing processes.

• JOHNS-MANVILLE PRODUCTS - General Catalog - 1952 [PDF] us.archive.org - large file, 520 pp.Johns
  
  Excepts:
  
  The magnesium carbonate is mixed with approximately 15 percent asbestos fiber of proper grading, and pumped to the moulding room where it is moulded by presses into pipe sections, blocks and lagging. These forms are dried in ovens, then re- moved, cut and planed by machine to the proper size.
  
  Next, the cloth covering is placed on the pipe insula- tion and the material is ready for stock or shipment. - p. 21
  
  In commercial usage, the terms “asbestos” usually refers to chrysotile, which is hydrous magnesium silicate, ordinarily containing some ferrous iron but only small quantities of calcium. The approximate chemical formula is H₄Mg₃Si₄O₂. In color the fiber ranges from pure, lustrous white to shades of gray. - p. A-30-31
  
  Chrysotile asbestos is more commonly employed in manufacturing asbestos products, not only because of its ready availability and comparatively low cost but also because its qualities are well adapted to most of the purposes for which asbestos is employed.
  
  Its characteristic silk-like appearance, exceedingly fibrous and delicate texture, flexibility and high tensile strength have always distinguished the better grades of chrysotile asbestos from fibers less suited to general practical use in industry.
  
  Chrysotile is also supreme in its capacity for resist- ing heat—a matter of first importance in most of the manufactured products in which asbestos is used. Its remarkable properties, in this respect, are thought to result from its high magnesium content. Because of its flexibility and fineness of fiber, chrysotile has achieved great commercial importance in connection with the manufacture of asbestos yarn.
  
  In the beginning, asbestos fiber was difficult to spin because, unlike other fiber, its surface is perfectly smooth. Now, however, manufacturing difficulties have been overcome and strong asbestos threads can be twisted from chrysotile fiber which will weigh less than one ounce per hundred yards.
  
  

Molded Asbestos (Lagging) on Pipe Elbows & Fittings

Our reader asked:

What is molded asbestos pipe insulation?

What is molded asbestos pipe insulation? Is it the plaster or cement like ACM [Asbestos Containing Material] insulation on a pipe elbow? On 2023-11-19 by Jessy

by InspectApedia DF (mod) Yes - Here is a little photo dictionary of examples of asbestos pipe insulation including corrugated paper (used on straight pipe runs) and molded asbestos pipe lagging (used on elbows and fittings)

@Jessy,

Look at the photo at the top of this page for typical "pre-formed" corrugated paper like asbestos pipe insulation. That material was simply snapped around or sleeved over a pipe.

Just above is another example of pipe insulation that includes lagging at pipe tees on that pipe tee in the upper left of the photo.

Molded paste-like or plaster-like insulation that contained asbestos was formed in place and used at irregular surfaces such as pipe elbows, and often to cover the body of valves and often to cover the exterior of heating boilers.

See the photo of an "hardcast" asbestos insulation plaster or paste or lagging covered boiler at https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Asbestos_Boiler_Insulation.php ASBESTOS BOILER INSULATION

Some texts refer to that material as asbestos lagging or pipe lagging. Lagging (and chrysotile asbestos) are cited in the page above.

"Wet applied" asbestos containing strips or sheets of material were widely used in special applications as well, such as in forming or repairing combustion chamber liners in oil or gas fired boilers and furnaces.

You won't see this product unless you are given view inside of the combustion chamber of a heater.

Like the corrugated paper asbestos pipe wrap, if asbestos paste or plaster molded in place pipe lagging is intact, un-damaged, in good condition, it is not harmful.

In this photo (below) you can see molded asbestos-suspect pipe insulation around the length of pipe from this Raymond Avenue home in Poughkeepsie NY.

And in this next photo from the same New York home we see asbestos-suspect pipe insulation that's probably ready to be removed or encapsulated.

As a contrast, I show below a photo of molded asbestos-suspect insulation around the body of pipe valves on a heating system: this pipe insulation is in good condition.

And as a final example: in the photo below asbestos-suspect lagging has fallen off of this pipe elbow, leaving just enough remains to show that it was present.

Watch out: when you see asbestos pipe insulation remains like this in a building it's a sign of asbestos materials in poor condition and often of amateur and incompetent work in an effor to remove it.

While it doesn't always happen, in the worst cases I (DJF) have seen, a do-it-yourself asbestos removal project can cross contaminate other areas of the building with asbestos, resulting in a greater asbestos cleanup project cost than if the asbestos had been handled properly in the first place.

Asbestos on Roof Drains, Water or Steam Pipes

Above: loose corrugated asbestos paper insulation on steam pipes in an apartment in Gramercy Park, NY. It's a little worrisome to see asbestos insulation falling off of pipes that are just above a laundry basket.

Below: Asbestos insulation on a roof drain pipe.

Below: asbestos pipe insulation falling off of a section of copper piping in a New York building.

Asbestos in poor condition, damaged, falling off of pipes merits professional cleanup.

The urgency of that asbestos cleanup job is increased if asbestos is falling or on the ground in an area frequently entered and where it's likely to be tracked into other building areas. Examples of asbestos pipe insulation in poor condition are shown below.

Watch out: building inspectors, home inspectors, contractors, and others should not go crawling around through a basement or crawl space in the conditions shown above, unless they are properly equipped with personal protective equipment and are properly trained.

In this article series we provide photographs and descriptive text of asbestos insulation and other asbestos-containing products to permit identification of definite, probable, or possible asbestos materials in buildings.

Also see ASBESTOS DUCTS, HVAC a field identification guide to visual detection of asbestos in and on heating and cooling system ducts and flue vents.

Asbestos on Ducts or Pipes

Is this fuzzy white duct or pipe insulation asbestos?

Found in an upstairs air return duct in Dublin CA - the home was built in 1962. Anonymous by private email. 2018/06/03

Reply: photos without scale, tricky to evaluate: probably asbestos-insulated pipe in poor condition

Back at a computer, I could look at a larger version of your photos

I see some fibrous material but can't tell if that is part of the board material or just dust that accumulated on it edges.

From the age, the first photo looked like the edge of a gypsum-based insulating board that might contain asbestos. But I have no reference of scale. If the material were gypsum board I would avoid any dusty demolition.

If the material is intact and its surfaces exposed to duct air all completely covered (probably with paper) there may be no detectable particle release into the building air supply.

Typically any duct that used an asbestos-containing material inside the duct as a liner would be a candidate for replacement.

Watch out: But a look at your second photo, apparently from the same location, shows what looks like damaged, friable asbestos-fabric and lagging insulation on a pipe (or duct) - again I have no reference of scale or size but this looks more like an asbestos-insulated pipe than an air duct.

In any case the material should be treated as asbestos-suspect and in poor condition. Avoid disturbing it and best, have it removed by a professional.

If there is more of this material in the building than just a couple of feet of insulated pipe then you face significant costs.

In that case, before taking any steps to disturb the material it would make sense to have a sample tested by an asbestos test lab. To find one search InspectApediua.com for ASBESTOS TEST LAB LIST

Asbestos Test Results 55% Chrysotile in Corrugated Asbestos Paper Pipe Insulation

These are some corrugated paper pipe insulation that we were pretty sure would contain asbestos and that I (Daniel Friedman) examined in our forensic laboratory. In the lab we confirmed the significant presence of asbestos and then had our own findings confirmed by an independent asbestos test laboratory. All of the photos here are from our lab.

Take a closer look at the image just below and you may notice the screen-like texture on the surface of this corrugated asbestos paper.

Sample No. 09: Location: B&B rental in apartment building, Gramercy Park, New York City, built ca 1900, corrugated asbestos paper pipe insulation from basement heating pipes, collected 2017/12/02

Below: the same corrugated asbestos paper insulation fragment seen under the stereo microscope in our laboratory.

In 2019 we asked a prominent national US testing laboratory, EMSL, to test this sample for asbestos and to characterize its constituents. The lab recommended procedures PLM and TEM EPA 600/R-93/116. Quoting from EMSL's report

For PLM, samples are initially examined under low magnification using stereo microscopy. Initial observations note gross material appearance (homogeneity, fibrous/non-fibrous) and physical characteristics (color, texture, friable/non-friable).

Preparation using various techniques, including, but not limited to, pinch mounts which is followed by analysis by polarized light microscopy (PLM) are used for the positive identification of suspect fibers and quantitation.

Positive identification of asbestos requires the determination of optical property characteristics of the six types of regulated asbestos: chrysotile, amosite (grunerite), crocidolite (riebeckite), anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite asbestos.

Photo above: asbestos test Phase 1, PLM Microscopic examination of sample #009 - corrugated asbestos paper insulation.

For TEM, an aliquot of the material is organically reduced. This is performed on the sample by ashing (using a muffle furnace), followed by acid digestion to remove the carbonate mineral. Mass determinations are recorded after each step, determining the percent loss for each type of matrix material.

The reduced sample is analyzed for asbestos following TEM analysis by being dropped mounted on a copper grid.

Below: Test results for our sample # 042000629-0009 from the asbestos testing lab.

• Description: gray, fibrous, homogeneous
• 55% Chrysotile asbestos
• 5% non-fibrous "other"
• 40% cellulose
• During PLM examination Asbestos structures were observed on sample #009
• During TEM examination asbestos structures were observed in this sample

• ASBESTOS TEST DESCRIPTION: PLM and TEM EPA 600/R-93/116) [PDF] 2020-01-23, used for InspectApedia.com asbestos test analysis via two methods, polarized light microscopy (low magnification stereo microscopy) and transmission electron microscopy (at about 20,000x) PLM EPA 600/R-93/116 (< 1%) & TEM EPA 600/R-93/116 (< 0.01%).
  
  for samples No. 001-005 and 008-014.
• ASBESTOS TEST RESULTS SUMMARY [PDF] 2020/01-18-20, Test Report: Asbestos Analysis of Bulk Materials via EPA 600/R-93/116 Method using Polarized Light Microscopy EMSL Ord No. 042000629 2019-12-26 for samples No. 001-005 and 008-015. For samples 001-005, and 008-014
  
  Sample No. 09: see details at - ASBESTOS PIPE INSULATION - 09 - Corrugated Asbestos Paper Pipe Insulation, basement heating system, NYC apartment building built ca 1900.
• Contact: EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 USA, Tel: 856-303-2500 - Fax: 856-786-5974 - Toll Free: 800-220-3675
  Lab Hours: Mon-Friday 7AM-10PM, Saturday 8AM-5PM, Sunday On-Call.
• ASBESTOS TEST LABS in the USA - EXAMPLE REPORTS - provides fourteen example asbestos test results from EMSL