Top Flush & Dual Flush Water-Saving Toilets
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Dual flush & top flush toilets:
This article describes top flush and water-saving dual flush toilets currently sold & installed world wide. We distinguish among simple top flush and dual flush toilets, designs for low water-usage or water conserving toilet designs, models.
Photographs are provided of top flush and dual flush toilet types & brands.
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Tank Reservoir Toilet Type Variations
Top Flush Control Compared with Side Flush & Pedestal Flush Toilets: the photographs below compare a top flush toilet control (below left), a traditional cistern (tank) side or front flush lever design (below center) and a bottom pedal flush toilet (Thetford toilet, below right).
Instead of a flush lever on the front or side of the reservoir tank, some toilets employ a top-mounted pull-rod, or push-button to activate the toilet flushing cycle (Kohler toilet shown along with a bidet (background) at above left.
Top flush control toilets may be single flush (design shown above) or more often top flush toilets use a water-saving dual flush design discussed in more detail at DUAL FLUSH TOILETS (below in this article).
The traditional side flush lever toilet design (above center) uses a simple lever and pull chain to lift the flapper valve in the toilet cistern bottom to flush the toilet.
Other contemporary low-water usage toilets such as th Thetford toilet model (above right) used in a manufactured home (doublewide trailer) combine a reservoir tank with high water pressure or a combination of air and water to flush waste from the toilet bowl while using a minimum of water.
At left we illustrate a modern dual flush toilet opeated by building water pressure. This dual flush design toilet is installed in an airport toilet in Auckland, New Zealand. The wall mounted push plate
The toilet shown is produced by Fowler, a company operating in New Zealand since 1837. The conpany's toilet flushing pushplate incorporates pneumatic hoses to conduct water to the control and thence to the plumbing fixture. (Contact Caroma Industries, http://www.caroma.co.nz )
Top Flush Dual-Flush Control Toilets
Top-flush control toilets include both standard (typically a single rod is pulled or lifted - illustrated above) and water saving models (typically a pair of buttons giving different flush volumes) illustrated below.
Dual-flush water saving toilets typically deliver 1.1 gallons to flush liquid waste or 1.6 gallons to flush solids.
The manufacturer gives a clue about which button provides more water (for solids), in this case by the number of raised bumps on the buttons of this dual flush water-saving model.
Here we give views of the dual flush mechanism for this toilet.
The top buttons push vertical rods (we' ve flipped the toilet tank upside down) shown below-left.
The individual rods push on different segments of the flush valve (below right) to send a smaller or larger of water into the bowl below.
The modern top flush dual control toilet and flush controls illustrated below is installed in the recently-renovated Akaroa Village Inn in Akaroa, New Zealand.
Above and below we show the large (big flush )
and small (small flush) buttons on the tank top of this toilet.
Above and below we illustrate the flush controls in the toilet tank or cistern.
...
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Citations & References
In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
- Del Porto D. (2000) The Composting System Handbook, The EcoS
an Center, The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention,
http://www.cepp.
cc/ecosan.htmDel Porto D. (2000) The Composting System Handbook, The EcoS an Center, The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention, http://www.cepp. cc/ecosan.html . Lachapelle P. (1995) A Report on human waste management in Mt Everest National Park, http://www.uvm.edu/~r lachape/toilets.html - Mara D. and Feachem R. (1980) Technical and public health aspects of low cost sanitation progra mme planning. Jour nal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83:229-240. Pacey A. (1978) Sanitation in Developing Countries.
- Oxfam and Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene. Papaport D. (1995) Sewage pollution in Pacific island countries and how to prevent it. A report produced for Greenpeace Pacific, Center for Clean Development, http://www.uvm.edu/~rla chape/dev-pacis.html .
- Peasey A. (2000) Health aspects of dry sanitation with waste reuse. Well Studies in Water and Environment no 324, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/
- "Story: Rock, limestone and clay Part of page 8 – Ceramics and pottery ", TEARA, The Enyclopedia of New Zealand, Video retrieved 9/18/14, original source: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/video/5254/clay-toilets, Te Ara, Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage, PO Box 5364, Wellington, New Zealand, Tel: +64 4 499 4229, Email: TeAra@mch.govt.nz
- [1] Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education including the ASHI-adopted a Home Inspection Home Study Course, and publications such as the Home Reference Book, the Home Reference eBook, and report writing materials including the Horizon report writer, and home inspect ion services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
- [2] 1991 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, U.S. Department of Justice, 28 CFR Part 36, Revised as of July 1, 1994, excerpts; web search 5/10/12, original source: http://www.ada.gov/stdspdf.htm [copy on file as ADA_Standards_1994.pdf]
- [3] Alliance for Water Efficiency, 300 W Adams Street, Suite 601
Chicago, Illinois 60606, Tel: 866-730-A4WE, Website: http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/ Quoting:
The Alliance for Water Efficiency is a stakeholder-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to the efficient and sustainable use of water. Located in Chicago, the Alliance serves as a North American advocate for water efficient products and programs, and provides information and assistance on water conservation efforts. - OSHA toilet standards: OSHA's sanitation standard for general industry, 29 CFR 1910.141(c)(l)(i), specifies that employers shall provide toilet facilities for their employees. Web-search 5/10/12, original source:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id
=22932&p_table=INTERPRETATIONS - [4] Toilet Manufacturers' Product literature or websites were consulted for the following:
- American Standard brand toilets (illustrated in this article), includes these additional plumbing fixture & component brands: Jade, Porcher (see below), Crane Plumbing, Eljer, Fiat, American StandardsProSite, Safety Tubs, http://www.americanstandard-us.com/
- Atlas International brand toilets, Atlas USA, http://atlasusa.net/
- Barclay brand toilets, Barclay Products Limited, 4000 Porett Dr., Gurnee, IL 60031, 847-244-1234, website: http://www.barclayproducts.com/
- Caroma brand toilets, Caroma is Australian company; in Canada & the USA Tel: 800-605-4218, website: http://www.caromausa.com/
- Church Seats, [toilet seats only], http://www.churchseats.com/ - our photo (left) shows a church toilet seat installed.
- Circle City Copperworks 9325 Uptown Dr., Suite 500 Indianapolis, IN 46256-1079, sinks, other copper products, not toilets, website: http://www.circlecitycopperworks.com/
- Crane Plumbing - see American Standard Products, above
- Danze brand toilets, Tel: USA: 1-877-530-3344, Canada: 1-866-884-8841 http://www.danze.com/room_solutions.asp
- Eljer brand toilets, (e.g. Titan one-piece elongated bowl 16 1/8" ADA-compliant)
- Gerber brand toilets (e.g. Gerber Ultra Dual Flush elongated ErgoHeight DF-21-318 pressure-assisted 1.6 gallon flush unit.), USA: 1-866-538-5536 (9AM-6PM) Mon-Fri Canada: 1-866-884-8841 (8:30AM-5PM) Mon-Fri, http://www.gerberonline.com/default.aspx
- Glacier Bay brand toilets, [Home Depot brand] porcelain, made in china, top flush control low-water ADA-height unit shown in this article. Cf. Globe Union Industrial Company of Canada, China, elsewhere. Also see Pegasus, Danze, Gerber. Glacier Bay Faucets and sanitaryware, 2455 Paces Ferry Road NW, .Atlanta, Ga. 30339-4024, 800-220-3036. http://www.glacierbayfaucetsreview.com/
- Hastings Tile & Bath toilets, includes "hatbox" and wall mount sinks, bidets, & toilets, 30 Commercial Street Freeport, N. Y. 11520, Tel: (516) 379-3500. http://www.hastingstilebath.com,
- Herbeau Creations brand toilets, Herbeau Creations of America 3600 Westview Drive Naples, FL 34104, Tel: (800) 547-1608, (since 1857), http://www.herbeau.com/Products.aspx?Item=5501
- Inax brand toilets, 15 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, Tel: 855-823-4434, http://www.inax-usa.com/gallery-ny/
- Jacuzzi brand toilets, Tel: 800-288-4002., website: http://www.jacuzzi.com/
- Jade, see American Standard Products, above
- Jemal Wright Bath Designs toilets, Brazil & USA, 3140 SW 19th St. #572, Hallandale FL 33009 USA, Tel: 305-915-0960, email: info@jemalwright.com, website: http://www.jemalwright.com/
- Kohler® brand toilets, Kohler Co. 444 Highland Drive Kohler, WI 53044, Tel 800-456-4537, Website http://www.kohler.com/corporate/index.html
- Laufen Ceramicware brand toilets, world wide, LAUFEN Bathrooms AG Wahlenstrasse 46 CH-4242 Laufen, USA: Laufen Bathrooms North America 11190 NW 25th Street Miami, FL 33172, Tel: Tel: +1 866.696.2493 / +1 305.357.6130, Website: http://www.laufen.com
- LeBijou brand toilets, - good luck finding this company or a home page for them - Ed.
- Mirabelle brand toilets (e.g. Key West MIRKW241ABS), showrooms in the U.S. & Canada, Email: info@mirabelleproducts.com, Website: http://www.mirabelleproducts.com/
- Nameek's brand toilets, 1561 Gehman Rd., Harleysville, PA 19438, Tel: (215) 256-4197, Website: http://www.nameeks.com/Bathroom/
- Neo-Metro Collection brand toilets, Neo-Metro 15125 Proctor Ave City of Industry CA 91746 U.S.A, Tel: 800.591.9050, Website: http://www.neo-metro.com
- Panasonic brand toilets, (e.g. Panasonic toilet bowl with warm water flush system for washing user beauty cabinet de toilette W moment-type pearl ivory DL-WD60-CP; also the Zaraku portable toilet - http://ex-blog.panasonic.co.jp/exhibition/en/2008/09/hcr08_400.html)
- Porcher brand toilets, originally a French brand, acquired by American Standard Companies in 1992, Website: http://www.porcher-us.com/
- ProFlo brand toilets (e.g. Proflo PFCT 103WH)
- Rapsel brand toilets,RAPSEL Spa Via Volta 13 - 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy Tel. 0039 02 3355981 Fax. 0039 02 33501306, Email: rapsel@rapsel.it Italian company, offices in Milan & New York, Website: http://www.rapsel.it/ or in the U.S. http://rapsel.wordpress.com/
- Samuel Heath brand toilets, US & UK, USA Customer Service 111 E. 39th St. 2R New York NY 10016, Tel: 212 599 5177, Email: usa@samuel-heath.com, or UK Head Office Samuel Heath & Sons plc Leopold Street Birmingham B12 0UJ, Tel: +44 121 766 4200, Email: info@samuel-heath.comWebsite: http://www.samuel-heath.com/
- Sterling brand toilets (e.g. Rockton S4020880), Sterling Plumbing 444 Highland Drive Kohler, WI 53044, Tel: 800-783-7546, Website: http://www.sterlingplumbing.com/
- St. Thomas Creations brand toilets, St. Thomas Creations 3A South Middlesex Avenue Monroe Township, New Jersey 08831 USA, Tel. (800) 536-BATH (800-536-2284) Fax (609) 655- 2421, Email: E-Mail: info@stthomascreations.com, Website: http://www.stthomascreations.com/
- Toto brand toilets (e.g. Toto Drake CST744S, Neorest Hybrid, ) Brazil & USA, TOTO USA, INC. 1155 Southern Road Morrow, Georgia 30260, Tel: 888-295-8134, Tel: 1-888-295-8134, Email: custservice@totousa.com techsupport@totousa.com, Website: http://www.totousa.com
- Villeroy & Boch Bath & Kitchen brand toilets, International, offices in Canada, Mexico, United States, Villeroy & Boch AG Corporate Headquarters P.O. Box 1120 D 66688 Mettlach, Phone +49 (0) 68 64 - 81 - 0, Website: http://www.villeroy-boch.com/, Company founded 1748.
- VitrA USA brand toilets, International, Brazil?, USA contact: Shawnee North Business Center 305 Shawnee North Drive Suite 600 Shawnee USA, Phone : +1 770 904 68 30 Fax : +1 770 904 68 91 www.vitra-usa.com, Website: http://usa.vitra.com.tr/
- Whitehaus Collection brand toilets, Whitehaus Collection - 589 Boston Post Rd. West Haven, CT 06516 USA, Tel: 800.527.6690, Email: info@whitehauscollection.com, Website: http://whitehauscollection.com
- [5] Wikipedia Web: https://www.wikipedia.org/ provided background information about some topics discussed at this website provided this citation is also found in the same article along with a " retrieved on" date. NOTE: because Wikipedia entries are fluid and can be amended in real time, we cite the retrieval date of Wikipedia citations and we do not assert that the information found there is necessarily authoritative.
- "Flush Toilet", web search 5/10/12, original source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet#Tank_style_with_flapper-flush-valve
- "Japanese bidet toilet", web search 5/13/12, original source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_toilets
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- In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
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- Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes and to use illustrations from The ILLUSTRATED HOME .
Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services.
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