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href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Motor_Capacitor_Types.php">CAPACITORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Clearance_Distances.php">CLEARANCES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Definitions.php">DEFINITIONS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electric_Motor_Diagnosis.php">ELECTRIC MOTOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Outlet_Box_Types.php">ELECTRICAL BOX</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Code_Basics.php">ELECTRICAL CODE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Flickering_Light_Diagnosis.php">ELECTRICITY LOSS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Flickering_Light_Diagnosis.php"> FLICKERING LIGHTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Backup_Electrical_Generators.php">GENERATORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Low_Voltage_Wiring_in_Buildings.php">LOW VOLTAGE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electric_Meters.php">METERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Old-House-Electrical-Systems.php">OLD HOUSE </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Panel_Inspection.php">PANEL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Inspector_Safety.php">SAFETY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Electrical_Service_Entry_Wiring.php">SERVICE ENTRY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Turn-Electricity-Back-On.php">TURN ON</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/electric/Multi-Wire-Electrical-Circuits.php">WIRING</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Energy-Savings.php" title="Energy Savings in buildings">ENERGY +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Ventilation_Balanced_Savings.php"></a><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Air_Leak_Sealing_Strategies.php">AIR LEAKS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Basement_Heat_Loss.php">BASEMENT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/BioGas_Production.php">BIO-FUEL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Blower_Door_Test_Procedure.php">BLOWER DOORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Basement_Heat_Loss_Detection.php#Leaks8">DUCTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Energy_Cost_Reduction_Priorities.php">ENERGY SAVING PRIORITY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/House_Monitoring.php">ENERGY USE MONITOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heating_Cost_Savings.php">HEAT COST SAVINGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Roof_Color_Recommended.php">ROOF COLOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Heat_Loss_Calculation.php"> R U & K VALUE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/SEER_Ratings_Definitions.php">SEER RATING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Solar/Solar-Energy.php" title="Solar & Wind Energy">SOLAR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Hot_Water_Heater_Timers.php">TIMERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Ventilation_Balanced_Savings.php">VENTILATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Hot_Water_Heater_Timers.php">WATER HEATER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Solar/Wind_Energy_Systems.php">WIND</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Window_Efficiency_Ratings.php">WINDOWS</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Environment/Building-Environment.php" title="Building Environmental Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair, Cleanup, Remediation">ENVIRO-HAZARDS +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Common_Indoor_Air_Pollutants.php">AIR POLLUTANTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Building_Allergens.php" title="Allergen sources in buildings, find, remove, control">ALLERGENS +</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Environment/Arsenic-Hazards-at-Buildings.php">ARSENIC</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Asbestos_Identification.php" title="Asbestos identification, risks, remediation methods">ASBESTOS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Environment/Environmental_Testing_Bibliography.php#bacteria">BACTERIA, MOLD, POLLEN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Bedbug-Pests.php">BEDBUGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Biological_Pollutants_Indoors.php">BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/emf/Cell_Phone_Radiation.php">CELL PHONE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Disinfectants_Sealants_Sprays.php">DISINFECTANTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/emf/EMF_Electromagnetic_Field_Hazards.php" title="Electromagnetic field EMF Survey / Hazard">ELECTROMAGNETIC</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Fiberboard_Sheathing.php">FIBERBOARD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Fiberglass/Fiberglass_Hazards.php" title="Fiberglass / Insulation Hazards">FIBERGLASS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Formaldehyde_Guide.php">FORMALDEHYDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Gas_Detection_Tools.php">GAS DETECTION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Hazard-vs-Risk.php">HAZARD vs RISK</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/HVAC-Dust-Study.php">HOUSE DUST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/IAQ-Best-Practices.php" title="Indoor Air Quality Solutions">INDOOR AIR QUALITY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Building-Mold-Contamination.php" title="Toxic Indoor Mold Inspection, Diagnosis, Testing, & Remediation">MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Building-Noise-Diagnosis.php">NOISE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Odor-Diagnosis-Cure.php">ODOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/oiltanks/Oil_Tank_Piping_Defects.php">OIL TANKS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Pesticide_Exposure_Risks.php">PESTICIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Sewage-Contamination.php">SEWAGE</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Building-Exteriors.php" title="Building Exteriors Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">EXTERIORS +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Brick_Wall_Weep_Holes.php">BRICK </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/decks/Deck_Construction_Guide.php">DECK & PORCH</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Doors_Exterior.php">DOORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Flashing.php">FLASHING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Sheathing_Wrap_Requirements.php">HOUSEWRAP</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/lightning/Lightning_Strike_Protection_Systems.php" title="Lightning strikes, bolts, protection, systems">LIGHTNING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/PaintFailure/Paint_Failure_Analysis.php">PAINT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Access_Ramps.php">RAMPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Siding_Guide.php">SIDING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Stair_Fall_Hazard_List.php">SLIP TRIP & FALL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/decks/Deck_Stair_Construction.php">STAIRS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Doors_Windows_Guide.php">WINDOWS & DOORS</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Building-Heating-Systems.php" title="Heating System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">HEATING +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Air-Filters-HVAC.php">AIR FILTERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Air_Handler_Unit.php">AIR HANDLER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Baseboard_Heat.php">BASEBOARD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heating_Boiler_Repair.php">BOILERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/HVAC_Clearance_Distances.php">CLEARANCES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Air_Conditioner_Switches.php">CONTROLS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Age_Of_Heaters.php#DataTagFind">DATA TAGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heating-Boiler-Diagnosis.php">DIAGNOSE & FIX HEAT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/HVAC_Duct_Systems.php">DUCTS</a><strong></strong></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Electric-Heat-Repair.php">ELECTRIC</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Furnace_Guide.php">FURNACES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Gas_Flame_Noise_Defects.php">GAS BURNERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Heat_Pump_Repairs.php">HEAT PUMPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heat_Stays_On.php">HEAT WON'T TURN OFF</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/No-Heat-Diagnosis.php">HEAT WON'T TURN ON</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heater_Control_Manuals.php">MANUALS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Heating.php">MOBILE HOME</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Oil_Burners.php">OIL BURNERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Radiant_Heat_Use.php">RADIANT HEAT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Steam_Boiler_Repair.php">STEAM</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Home-Inspection.php" title="Home & Building Inspection Classes, Directory of Inspectors">HOME INSPECTION +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Building_Inspection_Techniques.php">ADVANCED METHODS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Building_Damage/Building-Damage-Assessment.php">DISASTERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Dust_Sampling_Guide.php">DUST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Building_Damage/Building_Risk_Assessment.php">FEAR-O-METER: Dan's 3 D's SET REPAIR PRIORITIES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Microscopy/Animal-Hair-Fiber-Identification.php">FIBER & HAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Fiberglass/Fiberglass_Contamination_Test.php">FIBERGLASS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Fire-Offgassing-Hazard-Detection.php">FIRE OFF-GAS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Building_Damage/Forensic-Investigation.php" title="Forensic Engineering & Forensic Microscopy Procedures">FORENSIC</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Gas_Exposure_Testing.php">GAS TEST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Insect_Damage.php">INSECTS</a><strong></strong></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Light_Forensic_Guide.php">LIGHT, FORENSIC USE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Microscopy/Microscope_Techniques.php" title="Microscopy for forensic investigation of buildings">MICROSCOPY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Historic-Home-Inspection.php">OLD BUILDINGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Structural_Damage_Probing.php">STRUCTURE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Coefficients_of_Expansion.php">THERMAL EXPANSION</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/IAQ-Best-Practices.php" title="Indoor Air Quality Solutions">INDOOR AIR IAQ +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Test_Variables.php"></a><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Microscopy/Airborne_Particle_Analysis.php">AIRBORNE PARTICLE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Pet_Allergens_in_Buildings.php">ALLERGENS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Carbon_Dioxide_Hazards.php">CARBON DIOXIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Carbon_Monoxide_Information.php">CARBON MONOXIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Carpet-Offgassing-IAQ.php">CARPETS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Cat_Dander_Tests.php">CATS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Combustion_Products.php">COMBUSTION GAS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Dust_Sampling_Guide.php">DUST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/IAQ_Investigation.php">EMERGENCY RESPONSE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Fiberglass/Fiberglass_Hazards.php">FIBERGLASS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Humidity_Level_Target.php">HUMIDITY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Tight_House_Air_Quality.php">IAQ</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Test_Variables.php">MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Odor-Diagnosis-Cure.php">ODORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Building-Ventilation.php" title="Building Ventilation System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">VENTILATION</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Insulation-in-Buildings.php" title="Building Insulation System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">INSULATION +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Asbestos_Insulation.php">ASBESTOS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Insulation_Options.php">CHOICES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Crawl_Space_Insulation.php">CRAWL SPACE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Foam_Insulation_Identification.php#FireBlok">FIRE-BLOCK</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Heat_Loss_in_Buildings.php">HEAT LOSS</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Insulation-Identification-Guide.php">IDENTIFICATION</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Insulation-in-Buildings.php">INSPECTION</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Insulation_Placement.php"> LOCATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Insulation-Values-Table.php">R-VALUES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Radiant_Barriers.php">RADIANT BARRIER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Sound_Control_in_Buildings.php">SOUND CONTROL</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Building-Interiors.php" title="Building Interiors Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">INTERIORS +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Cabinets_Countertops.php">CABINETS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Carpeting-Best-Practices.php">CARPETS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Window_Condensation_Problems.php">CONDENSATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Countertop_Choices.php">COUNTERTOPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Interior_Wall_Covering_Choices.php">DRYWALL FIBERBOARD<br> PLASTER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Best_Interior_Finishes.php">FINISHES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Fireplace_Design_Specifications.php">FIREPLACE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Flooring_Types.php">FLOOR TYPES & DEFECTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Moisture_Control.php">MOISTURE CONTROL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/PaintFailure/Paint_Failure_Analysis.php">PAINT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Stair_Fall_Hazard_List.php">SLIP TRIP & FALL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Ideal-Stair-Design-Specifications.php">STAIR CONSTRUCTION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Interior-Stain-Diagnosis.php">STAIN DIAGNOSIS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Ceramic-Tile-Slip-Fall.php">TILE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Trim_Interior.php">TRIM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Interior_Wall_Finishes.php">WALLS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Wood_Stoves.php">WOOD STOVE</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Troubleshooting.php" title="Manufactured home mobile home installation, inspection, repair">MOBILE HOMES +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Codes.php">CODES & MANUALS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Cooling_Systems.php">COOLING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Crawl_Spaces.php">CRAWL SPACE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Electrical-Crossover-Connectors.php">CROSSOVER CONNECTORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Data-Tags.php">DATA TAGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Electrical-Wiring.php"> ELECTRICAL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Emergency_Egress_Rescue_Windows.php">EMERGENCY EXIT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Heating.php">HEATING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Troubleshooting.php">INSPECTIONS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Mobile_Home_Insulation.php">INSULATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Leaks-Moisture.php">LEAKS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Modular_Home_Construction.php">MODULAR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Plumbing.php">PLUMBING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Roofs.php">ROOF</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Safety-Hazards.php">SAFETY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Skirting.php">SKIRTING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile-Home-Water-Heaters.php">WATER HEATER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Manufactured_Homes/Mobile_Home_Structures.php#zone">WIND RATING</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Building-Mold-Contamination.php" title="Toxic Indoor Mold Inspection, Diagnosis, Testing, & Remediation">MOLD +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Action_Plan.php">ACTION GUIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Airborne_Mold_Count_Number_Guide.php">AIRBORNE MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Cosmetic_Black_Mold.php">BLACK MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Bleach_Mold_Contamination.php">BLEACH MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Moldy_Book_Cleaning.php">BOOK MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/IAQ_Investigation.php">EMERGENCY RESPONSE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Foxing_Stains.php">FOXING STAINS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mildew_Remedies.php">MILDEW</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Cleanup_Guide.php">MOLD CLEANUP</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold-Doctor-Directory-FAQs.php">MOLD DOCTORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Environment/Environmental_Testing_Services.php">MOLD EXPERTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold-Exposure-Standards.php">MOLD EXPOSURE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Prevention_Guide.php">MOLD PREVENTION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Related_Illnesses.php">MOLD ILLNESS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Dust_Sampling_Guide.php"> MOLD SAMPLING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold_Test_Procedures.php">MOLD TEST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/MVOC_Testing.php">SMELLS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Ozone-Treatment-Warnings.php">OZONE TREATMENT</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Building-Noise-Diagnosis.php">NOISE +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Bang-Boom-Noise-Sources.php">BANGING BOOMING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Electrical_Noise_Diagnosis.php">ELECTRICAL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Fan_Noise_Diagnosis.php">FAN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heating_Noise_Diagnosis.php">HEATING SYSTEM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/HVAC_Noise_Diagnosis.php">HVAC SYSTEM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Plumbing-Noise-Sources.php">PLUMBING </a><strong></strong></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Chattering_Relay_Switches.php">RELAY SWITCH </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Noise_Control.php">ROOF NOISE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Sound_Control_in_Buildings.php">SOUND CONTROL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof-Thermal-Movement-Noise.php">TEMPERATURE CHANGE</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Odor-Diagnosis-Cure.php">ODORS +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/HVAC_System_Odors.php">AIR CONDITIONING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Urine_Odor_Sources.php">ANIMAL or URINE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Odor_Diagnosis_Cars_Boats_RVs.php#Animals">CAR ODORS, ANIMALS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Floor_Drain_Odors_Diagnose.php">FLOOR DRAIN / TRAP</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Methane_Gas_Hazards.php">METHANE & SEWER GAS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Mold-Odor-Diagnosis-Cure.php">MOLD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/HVAC_System_Odors.php">HEATING SYSTEM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Sewer_Gas_Odors.php">PLUMBING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Sewer_Gas_Odors.php">SEPTIC SEWER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Odor-Sensitivity-Variation.php">ODOR SENSITIVITIY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Ozone-Treatment-Warnings.php">OZONE TREATMENT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Smell_Patch_Test.php">SMELL PATCH TEST </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/odor_diagnosis/Urine_Odor_Sources.php">URINE ODOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Odors.php">WATER ODOR</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Building-Plumbing.php" title="Plumbing System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">PLUMBING +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Air_Discharge_at_Faucet.php">AIR DISCHARGE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Anti_Scald_Mixing_Valves.php">ANTI SCALD</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Check_Valves_Water.php">CHECK VALVE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Clearance_Distances.php">CLEARANCE DISTANCE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Drain_Clog_Diagnosis.php">CLOGGED DRAIN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Scale_Clogged_Pipes_or_Tankless_Coil.php">CLOGGED PIPE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Pipe_Freeze_Protection.php">FREEZE PROTECT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Gas_Controls_Piping_Valves.php" title="LP / Natural Gas tanks, piping, regulators inspect install repair">GAS TANK & PIPING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/oiltanks/Oil_Storage_Tanks.php" title="Oil tanks / piping installation, inspection, leaks, repair">OIL TANK & PIPING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Plumbing_Trap_Repairs.php">PLUMBING TRAPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Plumbing_Vent_Codes_Problems.php">PLUMBING VENTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Pumps_in_Buildings.php">PUMPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Relief_Valves.php">RELIEF VALVES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic-Systems.php" title="Septic System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">SEPTIC SYSTEMS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Grinder_Pumps.php">SEWAGE PUMPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Toilet_Repair_Guide.php">TOILETS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hot_Water_Heater_Cylinder.php">WATER HEATERS</A> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Poor_Water_Pressure_Diagnosis.php">WATER PRESSURE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water-Information.php" title="Water Supply, Wells, Piping, Pump Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair">WATER PUMPS & WELLS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Water_Softener_Guide.php">WATER SOFTENERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Building_Piping_Guide.php">WATER PIPING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Tanks.php">WATER TANK</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Pipe_Freeze_Protection.php">WINTERIZE</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof-Install-Inspect-Repair.php" title="Roofing Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">ROOFING +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Shingle_Algae_Remedy.php"> CLEANING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Roof_Color_Recommended.php"> COLOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roofing_Contractor_Selection.php">CONTRACTOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roofing_Underlayment_Requirements.php">FELT UNDERLAYMENT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Shingle_Fire_Ratings.php">FIRE RATINGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/exterior/Flashing.php">FLASHING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Hail_Damage_Identification.php">HAIL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Attic_Condensation_Ice_Dams.php">ICE DAM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Walking_on_Roofs.php">INSPECTION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Leaks.php">LEAK REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Roof_Age_Materials.php">MATERIALS, AGE, TYPES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Sealant_Application.php">SEALANTS & MASTICS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Slope_Calculation.php">SLOPE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Stain_Diagnose_Remove.php">STAINS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Shingle_Standards.php">STANDARDS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Walk_on_Roof_Surfaces.php">WALKABLE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Roof_Warranties.php">WARRANTIES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Wind_Damaged_Roofs.php">WIND DAMAGE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/noise_diagnosis/Wind_Noise_Diagnosis.php#RoofWindNoise">WIND NOISE</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic-Systems.php" title="Septic System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">SEPTIC +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic-System-Age.php">AGE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Backup_Prevention.php">BACKUP PREVENT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Tank_Guide_for_Home_Buyers.php">BUYERS GUIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Clearance_Distances.php">CLEARANCES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Drain_Clog_Diagnosis.php">CLOGGED DRAIN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Soakaway_Bed_Clogging_Failures.php">CLOGGED DRAINFIELD</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Codes_Regulations.php">CODES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Commercial_Septics.php">COMMERCIAL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Component_Location.php">COMPONENT LOCATIONS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Design_Alternatives.php">DESIGN ALTERNATIVES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Design_Basics.php">DESIGN BASICS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Drainfield_Failure_Test.php"></a><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Dont_Drive_On_Septics.php">DRIVING OVER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Failure_Signs.php">FAILURE SIGNS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Filters_Install_Maintain.php">FILTERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Flooded_Septic_Repair.php">FLOODED SYSTEM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic-Tank-Freeze-Protection.php">FREEZE PROTECTION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Tank_Guide_for_Home_Buyers.php">HOW SEPTIC SYSTEMS WORK</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Life.php">LIFE EXPECTANCY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Dye_Test_Procedure.php">LOADING & DYE TEST</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Tank_Care_Guide.php">MAINTENANCE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Sewer_Gas_Odors.php">ODORS, SEWER GAS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Plants_On_Septics.php">PLANTS OVER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Pumps.php">PUMPS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Care.php">REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Tank_Safety.php">SAFETY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Home_Sellers_Guide_to_Septic_Inspections.php">SELLERS GUIDE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_System_Types.php">SEPTIC SYSTEM TYPES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic-Systems.php">SEPTIC TANKS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Septic_Backup_Response.php">SEWAGE BACKUP</a></li> </ul> </li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Building-Structures.php" title="Residential Structure, Foundation, Framing, Structural Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair">STRUCTURE +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Chimney_Inspection_Repair.php">CHIMNEY REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Clearance_Distances.php">CLEARANCE DISTANCES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Column-Defects.php">COLUMNS & POSTS, DEFECTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Crawl_Spaces.php">CRAWL SPACES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Building_Damage/Building-Damage-Assessment.php">DAMAGE REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/decks/Deck_Construction_Guide.php">DECK & PORCH</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Building_Damage/Flood_Response_Intro.php" title="Building Earthquake, Flood Storm or Wind Disaster Prevention / Repair">EARTHQUAKE, FLOOD,<br> DISASTER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Fire-Escapes.php">FIRE ESCAPES & STAIRS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Foundation_Types.php">FOUNDATION TYPES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Foundation_Repair_Methods.php">FOUNDATION REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Building-Framing.php">FRAMING DAMAGE REPAIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Age_of_Framing_Methods.php">FRAMING METHODS, TYPES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/interiors/Moisture_Control.php">MOISTURE CONTROL</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Roof_Framing.php">ROOF FRAMING </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/mold/Types-of-Wood-Rot.php">ROT TYPES </a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/vision/Sinkholes_Subsidences.php" title="Sinkholes & building settlement, detection, prevention, repair">SINKHOLES</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Stairs/Stairs.php">STAIRS, RAILINGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Structural_Damage_Probing.php">STRUCTURAL DAMAGE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/structure/Building-Structures.php" title="Residential Structure, Foundation, Framing, Structural Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair">STRUCTURE TYPES<br> MATERIALS</a></li> </ul></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Building-Ventilation.php" title="Building Ventilation System Inspect Diagnose Repair Replace">VENTILATION +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Ventilation_Balanced_Savings.php">AIR CHANGE RATE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/aircond/Air-Flow-Rate-Measurement.php">AIR FLOW</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Common_Indoor_Air_Pollutants.php">AIR POLLUTANTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Roof_Ventilation_Specs.php">ATTIC</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Backdrafting_Heating_Equipment.php">BACKDRAFTING</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Ventilation_Balanced_Savings.php">BALANCED</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Bathroom_Vent_Duct_Routing.php">BATHROOM</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Blower_Door_Test_Procedure.php">BLOWER DOORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Cathedral_Ceiling_Ventilation.php">CATHEDRAL CEILINGS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Energy/Combustion_Air_Tight_Buildings.php">COMBUSTION AIR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Window_Condensation_Problems.php">CONDENSATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Appliances/Exhaust-Fan-Repair.php">EXHAUST FAN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Kitchen_Vent_Fan_Specifications.php">KITCHEN</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/insulation/Heat_Loss_in_Buildings.php">HEAT LOSS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Hard_to_Vent_Roofs.php"> HIP ROOF</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Un_Vented_Roofs.php">HOT ROOF</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/sickhouse/Humidity_Level_Target.php">HUMIDITY</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Attic_Condensation_Ice_Dams.php">ICE DAMS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Roof_Ventilation_Specs.php">ROOF VENTS</A></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Skylight_Ventilation.php">SKYLIGHT VENT</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/ventilation/Soffit_Vent_Inspect.php">SOFFIT VENTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Design/COPIES-of-BUILDING-CODES.php#Ventilation">VENTILATION CODES</a></li> </ul> </li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water-Information.php" title="Water Supply, Wells, Piping, Pump Inspection, Diagnosis, Repair, Replacement">WATER SUPPLY +</a> <ul> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Cisterns_for_Water_Storage.php">CISTERNS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/septic/Greywater_Systems.php">GREYWATER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/No_Water_Pressure.php">NO WATER PRESSURE</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Odors.php">ODORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Conservation_Methods.php">WATER CONSERVATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Water_Contamination_Test_Treat.php">WATER CONTAMINATION</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Filters.php">WATER FILTERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Water-Meter-Guide.php">WATER METERS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Odors.php">WATER ODORS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Pollution_Sources.php">WATER POLLUTANTS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Pressure_Booster_Pumps.php">WATER PRESSURE BOOSTER</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Poor_Water_Pressure_Diagnosis.php">WATER PRESSURE LOSS</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Water_Pressure_Regulator.php">WATER PRESSURE REGULATOR</a></li> <LI><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/water/Water_Pump_Controls.php">WATER PUMP CONTROLS & 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InspectAPedia.com Editor Daniel Friedman">CONTACT US</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> </table> </div>      <DIV ID="sidebar" class="sidebarclass" STYLE="width:20%;max-width:300px;float:right;min-width:100px;padding-top:20px;" > <div id="SideLinks" style="margin-bottom: 15em;" > <HR> <BR> <p> <center> ADVERTISEMENT </center> </p> <script ASYNC src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7804030228143760" data-ad-slot="7465206194" data-ad-format="rectangle"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <HR> <BR> <p> <center> ADVERTISEMENT </center> </p> <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7804030228143760" data-ad-slot="8215208597" data-ad-format="link"></ins> <script>(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <hr/> </div>    <div id="stickyunit" class="sticky" >   <HR> <BR> <p> <center> ADVERTISEMENT </center> </p> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7804030228143760" data-ad-slot="3935541794" data-ad-format="auto" data-full-width-responsive="true"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});</script></div> </DIV>  <DIV ID="body" class="bodytext"> <DIV ID="articletopic"> <H1><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Apph-McFar_Site 082-DJFs.jpg"><img src="../plumbing/Apph-McFar_Site 082-DJFs.jpg" ALT="Tankless water heater (C) Daniel Friedman Pro PHCC Brand" height="320" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A>Guide to Tankless Water Heaters<br><br> <span style="font-size: smaller"> Demand Water Heaters or Instantaneous Water Heaters or Endless Hot Water Systems</span> </H1>  <UL>  <li class="LI_Spaced"><A HREF="#QA">POST a QUESTION or COMMENT</A> about tankless water heaters, demand water heaters, & point of use water heaters: capacity, sources, installation, troubleshooting, & repair.</li> </UL></DIV>  <P>Tankless water heaters information home page:</P> <P>This article series explains the operating characteristics of tankless water heaters, also called instant water heaters or "on demand" water heaters. Tankless water heaters may be installed to serve a building, building area, or as point of use electric water heaters.</P> <P>The tankless point of use heaters we discuss include Bosch, Chromolite, Bradford White, Eemax, Instant-Flow, Noritz, Rheem, Rinnai, Stiebel, Takagi, Titan & other brands. We give contact information for each tankless water heater manufacturer. We also describe electric shower heaters: Dur-o-Matic, Marey, & other brands.</P>    <div id="Page_High_1" > <P><i>InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.</i></P> <P><em>- Daniel Friedman, Publisher/Editor/Author - See <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/About_InspectApedia.php#Staff">WHO ARE WE?</a></em></P></div>   <H2><A NAME="H1"></a>Guide to Tankless Water Heaters</H2> <P><A HREF="1614s.jpg"><IMG SRC="1614s.jpg" ALT="Tankless water heater (C) Carson Dunlop Associates" width="480" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A>A tankless water heater saves energy by turning off completely when no hot water is being drawn - there are no standby losses - no tank of hot water needs to be kept hot when hot water is not being used.</P> <P>Sketch of a point of use tankless (POU) water heater (at left) courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates, a Toronto home inspection, education & report writing tool company [ carsondunlop.com ].</P> <P><em>[Click to enlarge any image]</em></P> <H3>Article Contents</H3> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><A HREF="#Operation">Tankless Water Heater Operation & Characteristics</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><A HREF="#TMfg"> Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers</A></li> </UL>m <P>Although some instantaneous water heaters can provide up to 9 GPM (and use 200,000 BTUH), smaller units cannot provide very large hot water flow rates in gallons per minute.</P> <P>If the hot water usage rate is expected to be high, a very high BTUH unit (efficient but not necessarily economical) or multiple smaller point of use tankless water heaters may be needed to satisfy all building occupants and uses.</P> <P>Consumer Reports points out that a tankless water heater may be efficient but not necessarily economical to operate. What they mean is that it is certainly efficient to avoid heating water when no one is using it. </P> <P>But if water usage is high, a high-BTU tankless water heater may consume more total energy than a large but more conventional oil or gas fired hot water tank and burner.</P> <H2><A NAME="Operation"></A> Tankless Water Heater Operation & Characteristics</H2> <P><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Instant_Flow_Tankless_0113_DJFs.jpg"><img src="../plumbing/Instant_Flow_Tankless_0113_DJFs.jpg" ALT="Instant Flow Tankless Water Heater installation © D Friedman at InspectApedia.com " width="480" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A>As the name suggests, and as you can see in our photo at left of an electric Instant-Flow water heater, tankless water heaters have no tank, and therefore no storage capacity at all. When the faucets and fixtures in the home are idle, the water heater is dormant.</P> <P>No stored hot water means no standby losses, and,<EM> if you match the heating capacity of your tankless heater to your hot water flow rate requirements</EM>, there is no delay in hot water supply and no running out of hot water.</P> <P>The Instant-Flow® water heater shown is a Model S-48L/240 240-volt unit rated at 4800 watts and is installed on a 20-A electrical circuit.</P> <P>Tankless heaters are supplied in all-electric models (shown here) and gas (or possibly oil) fired units that include a burner, heat exchanger, venting system, and the necessary controls.</P> <P>When a hot water faucet is opened or the dishwasher or clothes washing machine calls for hot water, the tankless heater detects the water flow and ignites the burners.</P> <P>These powerful burners quickly heat the water inside the small diameter heat exchanger. As hot water is drawn out, fresh cold water is drawn in and the cycle continues. A significant advantage of this system is that you can't empty all of the hot water out of the tank because there is no tank - just continuous hot water.</P> <H3>No Stored Water</H3> <P>The other major advantage over conventional water heaters is energy savings. Tankless water heaters have no large reservoir of water that has to be kept hot around the clock in case hot water is needed. One side effect of the lack of storage is that all of the water in the system is cold when the system has not been in operation recently. When a hot water faucet is operated, it may take more time for hot water to be delivered than in a conventional system.</P> <H3>Small Size</H3> <P><A HREF="Ariston_Tankless_Water_023s.jpg"><IMG SRC="Ariston_Tankless_Water_023s.jpg" ALT="Ariston tankless water heater © D Friedman at InspectApedia.com " width="480" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A>As you can see by our photo (left) of an Ariston tankless water heater, tankless or demand or "instant" water heaters are much smaller than conventional waters with storage tanks, and are usually wall-mounted.</P> <P>However for non-electric tankless heaters, the burner on a tankless or demand water heater must be much larger than on a conventional heater since it has to instantly heat incoming cold water to its target hot temperature.</P> <H3>Tankless Water Heater Fuel and Venting</H3> <P>Most tankless water heaters are either electric, or they are fueled by natural gas or propane and are vented through a side wall of the house.</P> <P>As Rheem points out, "The venting must be Category III, Stainless steel, and it applies to the adapter, the vent pipe, all elbows, and terminal vent.</P> <P> This is important because the flue gases and by-products of combustion can cause condensation</P> <P> Stainless steel will not deteriorate like type B venting under these conditions."</P> <H3>Tankless Water Heater Efficiency</H3> <P>Tankless water heaters are often much more efficient than conventional water heaters, using modulating burners, direct venting and/or condensing combustion systems.</P> <H3>Mixing Valves / Flow Control Valves used on Tankless Water Heaters</H3> <P><A HREF="DSC04578s.jpg"><IMG SRC="DSC04578s.jpg" ALT="Flow control valve warning for tankless water heater © D Friedman at InspectApedia.com " width="480" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A>Most systems include a mixing (tempering) valve and a means of setting a maximum water temperature to avoid scalding.</P> <P>This tempering valve mixes some cold water with the hot water leaving the unit to reduce the temperature.</P> <P>In one sense, there should be no need for a tempering valve, since we do not need to keep the reservoir water at 140° to prevent Legionnaires Disease.</P> <P>On the other hand, since we don't know the flow rate of the water through the heater, the tempering valve may be needed since the burner cannot modulate to deliver exactly the temperature we want due to the infinitely variable water flow.</P> <P>If the flow rate is low, the water moves more slowly through the heater, and picks up more heat from the burner.<BR></P> <H3>Tankless Water Heater Remote Control</H3> <P>Some tankless systems include a remote control, which can be used to monitor the performance of the system, display error codes or change the desired water temperature.</P> <H2><A NAME="TMfg"></A>List of Tankless Water Heater Manufacturers, Brands, Contact Information</H2> <P><A HREF="Steibel_Tankless_Heater_0122_DJFs.jpg"><IMG SRC="Steibel_Tankless_Heater_0122_DJF.jpg" ALT="Steibel tankless water heater © D Friedman at InspectApedia.com " width="480" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A></P> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Water-Heater-Age-Manuals.php">WATER HEATER AGE & MANUALS</A> - <strong>home</strong> - our guide to all brands of water heaters, manuals, contact information, age decoding, repairs. </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[3] Bosch Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.boschhotwater.com/<br> <br> See details at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Bosch-Water-Heaters.php">BOSCH WATER HEATER AGE & MANUALS</a> </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[4] Chromolite Tankless Water Heaters</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">Cinsa Hidro Tec Instant Water Heaters (Mexico)</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[5] Bradford White Everhot Tankless Water Heaters - Bradford White offers this <br> <br> See details at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Bradford-White-Water-Heater-Age.php">BRADFORD WHITE WATER HEATER AGE & MANUALS</A> <br> <br> <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Bradford_White_Retrofit.pdf">step by step HOT WATER RETROFIT Installation</a> (large, slow PDF) - www.bradfordwhite.com</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[6] Eemax Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.eemaxinc.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Ideal-Boilers-UK-Manuals.php">IDEAL HEATING BOILERS</a> - UK Ideal Logic Combi 24 35 35 heater & instant hot water boiler manuals & repair guides</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[7] Instant-Flow Water Heaters, Chronomite Laboratories, Inc., City of Industry CA 91774</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">MicroTherm Inc. tankless water heaters, see Seisco below. </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[8] NORITZ Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.noritz.com/<br> <br> See details at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Noritz-Water-Heater-Error-Codes-Manuals.php">NORITZ WATER HEATER ERROR CODES & MANUALS</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[9] <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Rheem-Water-Heater-Age-Decoder.php">RHEEM WATER HEATER AGE & MANUALS</A><br> <br> <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Rheem-Tankless-Water-Heater-Repair.php">RHEEM TANKLESS WATER HEATER LEAK REPAIR</a> - RHEEM Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.rheemtankless.com/content/<br> <br> </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[10] <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Rinnai-Water-Heater-Age-Manuals.php">RINNAI WATER HEATER AGE DECODE, MANUALS, ERROR CODES</A> - Rinnai Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.rinnai.us/tankless-water-heaters/<br> <br> </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Ruud-Water-Heater-Age-Manuals.php">RUUD WATER HEATER AGE & MANUALS</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">Seisco Tankless Water Heaters, <a href="SEISCO-Water-Heater-Guide.pdf">SEISCO TANKLESS WATER HEATERS Product Guide</a> [PDF] (2006) Microtherm Inc., 223 West Airtex, Houston TX 77090 USA, Tel: 8880-296-3338 Web: www.seisco.com</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[11] Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com/ (shown at above left)</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[12] <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Takagi-Water-Heater-Error-Codes-Manuals.php">TAKAGI WATER HEATER MANUALS, AGE, ERROR CODE</a>- Takagi USA Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.takagi.com/<br> <br> <A HREF="Takagi_Tankless_Water_Heater_T-K3-SP.jpg"><IMG SRC="Takagi_Tankless_Water_Heater_T-K3-SP.jpg" ALT="Takagi tankless water heater (C) Takagi" height="320" CLASS="Image_Standard" /></A></li> </UL> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">Takagi tankless water heaters (shown at left) and Takagi radiant heat systems: Takagi combines both radiant heating for floors and domestic hot water production.</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">Takagi offers pre-assembled radiant heating system installation packages including for do-it-yourself'ers, and including systems that combine radiant heat flooring with domestic hot water production using a gas-fired tankless water heater. See takagi.com for more information.<BR><br>"The T-KJr model (gas inputs up to 140,000 BTU per hour) is the smallest unit in the Takagi line-up. The T-KJr is perfect for light residential (i.e. small apartment units) and radiant heating applications."<BR><br>Image at left is the Takagi T-K3-SP tankless water heater intended for light residential applications, image courtesy of <A HREF="http://www.takagi.com">Takagi Corp</A>.<br> <br> <br> </li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[13] Titan Tankless Water Heaters - http://www.titanheater.com/</li> </UL> <P>Also see <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Radiant-Slab-Heat-Mistakes.php">RADIANT HEAT FLOOR MISTAKES</A> where we describe use of small boilers or tankless coil type water heaters for radiant floor heating systems.</P> <P>Readers should also see <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hot_Water_Alternatives.php">ALTERNATIVE HOT WATER SOURCES</A> to distinguish among these types of hot water producing systems</P> <P>and see <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Electric_Shower_Heaters.php">ELECTRIC SHOWER HEATERS</A> for a discussion of point of use heaters at shower heads.</P> <P>The original text of this article was provided courtesy of Carson Dunlop Associates - that text has been edited and may not entirely reflect CD's views.. Our OPINION is that readers looking for plenty of hot water heated efficiently should also consider the heater we describe at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Indirect-Water-Heaters.php">Indirect-fired Water Heaters</A>.</P> <p>...</p>     <hr><hr><br><center>ADVERTISEMENT</center><br> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7804030228143760" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block; text-align:center;" data-ad-layout="in-article" data-ad-format="fluid" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7804030228143760" data-ad-slot="1924127586"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br><hr><hr> <div id="ReaderQA" class="ReaderQA" style="padding-bottom:10px"> <br> <h2>Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above</h2> <P>Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.</P> </div>  <h3>Reader Q&A - also see <a href="#MoreReading">RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs</a></h3> <H3>Question: how to drain the Rheem tankless RTE 13 water heater for winterizing</H3> <P>(July 14, 2015) Anonymous said:<br> I just bought a Rheem RTE 13 with supply and outlet pipes on the side of the box.<br> For winterizing a cabin against freezing, how do I drain the water left inside the tank.</P> <blockquote> <H4>Reply:</H4> <p>The Rheem Tankless Electric RTE 13 is a tankless water heater. There is no "tank" to drain. However there will be water in the coiled copper tubing inside the water heater that must and can be drained via service valve found at the bottom of the coil inside the unit.</p> <p>Continuing: if you don't have a service and installation manual for your water heater or if you need more assistance</p> <p>Manufacturer’s National Service<br> Department at the following address:<br> 1241 Carwood Court<br> Montgomery, Alabama 36117<br> Phone: 1-800-432-8373.<br> </p> <p>When contacting the manufacturer, the following information will be requested:<br> </p> <p>a. Model and serial number of the water heater as shown on the rating plate attached to the jacket of the heater.<br> </p> <p>b. Address where the water heater is located and physical location.<br> </p> <p>c. Name and address of installer and any service agency who performed service on the water heater.<br> </p> <p>d. Date of original installation and dates any service work was performed.<br> </p> <p>e. Details of the problems as you can best describe them.<br> </p> <p>f. List of people, with dates, who have been contacted regarding your problem.</p> <p><br> <span class="RedText">Watch out</span>: DO NOT TURN ON THE WATER HEATER AGAIN when de-winterizing it and restoring it to service until you have made certain that the heater has been completely re-filled with water and air has been purged from the system.</p> <p>Finally, you can contact Rheem directly\</p> <p>Rheem Water Heating and Heating & Cooling Products<br> 101 Bell Road • Montgomery, AL 36117-4305<br> 1-866-720-2076 • www.rheem.com</p> <p>Rheem Canada Ltd./Ltée • Water Heater Division<br> 125 Edgeware Road, Unit 1, Brampton, Ontario L6Y 0P5</p> </blockquote> <p class='recent-comment-hdr'> </p> <p class='recent-comment-hdr'>On 2019-01-06 by Anonymous - cost to put in a larger circuit breaker for tankless water heater</p> <p>i am thinking about buying rheem tanklesss water heater. it says i need 4x40 breaker. my breaker says 30. about whould it cost to change theis?</p> <blockquote> <p class="recent-comment-hdr">On 2019-01-07 - by (mod) - </p> <p>Prices vary depending on where you live but you can figure 100 US dollars or less for a multi pole 40 amp circuit breaker and another similar about to pay an electrician to install it. The work is actually trivial.<br><br> <span class="RedText">Watch out</span> however to be sure that you understand the correct breaker that's required. I don't know what a 4 x 40 breaker is.<br> </p> </blockquote> <p class="recent-comment-hdr"> </p> <p class="recent-comment-hdr">On 2018-09-13 by Keith - no water comes out of new tankless water heater</p> <p>I have a tankless hot water heater it has no pressure on the hot water side it’s brand new cold water side has good pressure. I have never turned it on yet it’s electric also change the inline filter what could be wrong ? </p> <blockquote> <p class="recent-comment-hdr">On 2018-09-15 - by (mod) - </p> <p>I would start by looking for valve that's closed</p> <p><br> </p> </blockquote> <p class='recent-comment-hdr'>On 2018-01-29 by Robert - Why does my pressure and temp drop in the shower when another faucet is used with hot water.</p><p>Why does my pressure and temp drop in the shower when another faucet is used with hot water.</p> <p> Have on demand instant water heater. Plenty hot at sink and no heat and loss of pressure at shower.</p> <blockquote> <p class="recent-comment-hdr">On 2018-01-31 - by (mod) - </p> <p>It's an interesting uncommon problem about what you asked. Demand water heaters or tankless water heaters have limited flow rate. So when the hot water flow demand is increased by opening an additional faucet You're simply diverting some of the hot water to another location and reducing the flow at each.<br> <br> take a look at the installation manual for your water heater and you may note something interesting. The manufacturer often recommends specific dedicated water supply piping </p> <p>To maximize the input flow rate at the water heater. so particularly in older homes where the water heater is a retrofit we often find that the input to the water heater is quite Downstream from the supply source and That may limit the hot water flow rate out of the heater.<br> <br> You can increase the water pressure to increase the flow but of course if you exceed the rated input flow rate for your particular water heater your water may not be hot enough.<br> <br> It's also possible that the heating coil could be partially blocked by scale. If that's the case descaling will significantly improve the water flow.<br> </p> </blockquote> <H3>Question: water pressure problems with tankless water heater</H3> <P>I recently installed an electric (120 amp) tankless water heater in a cabin - it actually has 6 ganged heating coils that turn on incrementally as the demand dictates. I also installed a scald less shower faucet - which (I think) decreases the hot water draw when water pressure decreases.</P> <P>My dilemma is: two or three times during a typical shower, the water temperature will increase rapidly (too hot), and then decrease rapidly (too cold) - and then settle at the "agreed upon" temperature for a minute or two. The water system is on a residential well that uses a 40-60 lb pressure switch.</P> <P>I theorize that when the pressure approaches the low (cut-in) point, the faucet demands more hot water (which causes the tankless heater to crank up more heating coils), but about the time that new hotter water reaches the shower (about 13 seconds from the water heater to the shower head) the pressure increases toward the 60-lb (cut-out) range - causing the faucet to demand less hot water - causing the water heater to shut down some of the heating coils.</P> <P>So, If I set a closer differential between the pressure switch cut-in/cut-out pressures (like maybe raising the cut-in to maybe 50 lbs), could I eliminate that yoyo effect? Or could there be a different cause? - Cabin Jack 1/19/2012</P> <blockquote> <H4>Reply:</H4> <p>Jack, Why not install an automatic mixing valve to regulate the temperature regardless of water pressure?</p> <p>Also see <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Repair_Guide.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER REPAIR GUIDE</A> where we discuss other reasons that hot water temperature may vary when using an instant or tankless water heater.</p> </blockquote> <H3>Question: which hot water source is better, gas or electric?</H3> <P>I am thinking of replacing our hot water tank: which is best gas or electric? would prefer electric to avoid venting - Sid Archer 10/7/12</P> <blockquote> <H4>Reply:</H4> <p>Sid there is not a single right answer to which type of water heater is best, as you want to match the heater to the intended use. Depending on where you live, electrical rates may make gas fuel look less costly to operate, possibly more costly to buy and install, including cost of a chimney or vent system.</p> </blockquote> <H3>Question: relief valve requirements for tankless water heaters</H3> <P>(May 11, 2015) Anonymous said:<br>Dose a gas tankless water heater require a pop off valve?</P> <blockquote> <H4>Reply:</H4> <p>Good question Anon.</p> <p>Some tankless water heaters such as the POWERSTAR AE7.2 Point-of-Use Electric Tankless Water Heater and also the Rheem Tankless Electric RTE 13 are advertised as not requiring a pressure/temperature relief valve, but even there the manufacturer notes that the TP valve may be required by local codes.</p> <p>But certainly there are tankless heaters that are installed with the valve and that include it OEM. And there are TP valves designed for these heaters such as the Rheem AP12993C Pressure Relief Valve and the Watts Model 3L TP valve. So the answer, as Mark Cramer says, is ... It depends...</p> <p>Though it's always safe and not harmless to add a properly-located TPR valve.</p> <p>Give us the brand and model number for more details.</p> </blockquote> <br> <P>...</P> <p><A NAME="MoreReading"></a><STRONG>Continue reading</STRONG> at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Electric_Shower_Heaters.php">ELECTRIC SHOWER HEATERS</A> or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete <a href="#MasterIndex">ARTICLE INDEX</a>.</p> <P>Or see these</P> <H3>Tankless Water Heater Articles</H3> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hot_Water_Speedup.php">HOT WATER CIRCULATOR PUMP SPEEDS DELIVERY</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Coil_Guide.php">TANKLESS COILS</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Guide.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATERS</A> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Electric_Shower_Heaters.php">ELECTRIC SHOWER HEATERS</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Capacity.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER CAPACITIES</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Conversion.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER CONVERT TO?</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Installation_Guide.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER INSTALLATION</A></li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Installation_Cost.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS, COSTS</A></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Life.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER LIFE & USES</a></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hot_Water_Alternatives.php#MoreHotWaterD">TANKLESS WATER HEATER MULTIPLE GANGED</a></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Repair_Guide.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER REPAIR GUIDE</a></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Size.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER SIZE REQUIREMENTS</A></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Hot-Water-Temperature-Adjustment-Controls.php#TanklessHWCtrl">TANKLESS HOT WATER HEATER TEMPERATURE CONTROL</a></li> <li class="LI_Spaced"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless-Gas-Water-Heater-Screaming.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATER WHISTLE</a></li></UL></li> </UL>  <a name="MasterIndex" id="MasterIndex"></a> <H4>Suggested citation for this web page</H4> <P><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Tankless_Water_Heater_Guide.php">TANKLESS WATER HEATERS</A> at <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/index.php" ><FONT COLOR="#0000FF"><STRONG>Inspect<FONT COLOR="#FF0000">A</FONT>pedia.com</STRONG></FONT></A> - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice.</p>      <div ID="ShareLinks" style="padding-top:10px" class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"><strong>Share this article</strong> <p></p><p><a class="a2a_button_email"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_gmail"></a><a class="a2a_button_facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_google_plus"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit"></a><a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></p></div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script><br> <p>Or see this</p>   <h4>INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES: <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Index_Water_Heaters_Cylinders.php">ARTICLE INDEX to WATER HEATERS</a></h4> <p>Or use the <a href="#QA">SEARCH BOX</a> found below to Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia</p>  <A NAME="moreinfo"></a><A NAME="FAQ"></a>  <H2><A NAME="QA"></a>Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia</H2><p><STRONG>Try the search box</STRONG> just below, or if you prefer, post a question or comment in the <STRONG>Comments</STRONG> box below and we will respond promptly.</p>        <style type="text/css">@import url(https://cse.google.com/cse/api/branding.css);</style> <div class="cse-branding-right"><P><strong>Search the InspectApedia website</strong></p><div class="cse-branding-form"><form action="https://InspectAPedia.com/Admin/Search_Results.php" id="cse-search-box"><div><input type="hidden" name="cof" value="FORID:11" /><input type="hidden" name="ie" value="ISO-8859-1" /><input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-7804030228143760:1ngbq3-y2it" /><input type="text" name="q" size="72" /><input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search" /></div></form></div></div> <p><strong>Note: appearance of your Comment below may be delayed:</strong> <u>if your comment contains an image, photograph, web link,</u> or text that looks to the software as if it might be a web link, <u>your posting will appear after it has been approved by a moderator</u>. Apologies for the delay.</p> <p><strong>Only one image can be added per comment</strong> but you can post as many comments, and therefore images, as you like.<strong><br /> You will not receive a notification</strong> when a response to your question has been posted.<br /> <strong>Please bookmark this page</strong> to make it easy for you to check back for our response.<br /> Our Comment Box is provided by Countable Web Productions countable.ca</p>  <div id="HCB_comment_box"><a href="http://www.htmlcommentbox.com">Comment Form</a> is loading comments...</div> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.htmlcommentbox.com/static/skins/bootstrap/twitter-bootstrap.css?v=0" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="hcb"> /**/ </script>   <A NAME="reviewers"></a> <H4>Citations & References</H4> <P>In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.</P> <DIV ID="Citations" CLASS="hidden"> <UL> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[1] Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, <A HREF="https://www.carsondunlop.com/">Carson Dunlop, Associates,</A> Toronto, for permission to use illustrations from their publication, <EM>The Illustrated Home</EM> which illustrates construction details and building components. Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education, publications, report writing materials, and home inspection services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[2] <A HREF="http://www.consumerreports.org/">Consumer Reports</A> offers an article on the efficiency versus the economy of tankless water heaters - see http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/Appliances/heating-cooling-and-air/water-heaters/tankless-water-heaters/overview/tankless-water-heaters-ov.htm</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[3] <A HREF="http://www.boschhotwater.com/">Bosch Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.boschhotwater.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[4] Chromolite Tankless Water Heaters</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[5] Bradford White Everhot Tankless Water Heaters - Bradford White offers this <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Bradford_White_Retrofit.pdf">step by step hot water retrofit installation file</A> (large, slow PDF) - www.bradfordwhite.com</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[6] <A HREF="http://www.eemaxinc.com/">Eemax Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.eemaxinc.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[7] Instant-Flow Water Heaters, Chronomite Laboratories, Inc., City of Industry CA 91774</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[8] <A HREF="http://www.noritz.com/">Noritz Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.noritz.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[9] <A HREF="http://www.rheemtankless.com/content/">Rheem Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.rheemtankless.com/content/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[10] <A HREF="http://www.rinnai.us/tankless-water-heaters/">Rinnai Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.rinnai.us/tankless-water-heaters/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[11] <A HREF="http://www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com/">Stiebel Eltron Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.stiebel-eltron-usa.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[12] <A HREF="http://www.takagi.com/">Takagi USA Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.takagi.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[13] <A HREF="http://www.titanheater.com/">Titan Tankless Water Heaters</A> - http://www.titanheater.com/</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[14] Takagi tankless water heaters and Takagi radiant heat systems: Takagi combines both radiant heating for floors and domestic hot water production. Takagi offers pre-assembled radiant heating system installation packages including for do-it-yourself'ers, and including systems that combine radiant heat flooring with domestic hot water production using a gas-fired tankless water heater. See takagi.com for more information.<BR><BR>"The T-KJr model (gas inputs up to 140,000 BTU per hour) is the smallest unit in the Takagi line-up. The T-KJr is perfect for light residential (i.e. small apartment units) and radiant heating applications." Image at left is the Takagi T-K3-SP tankless water heater intended for light residential applications, image courtesy of <A HREF="http://www.takagi.com">Takagi Corp</A>.</li> <li CLASS="LI_Spaced">[15] U.S. Department of Energy on Tankless Water Heaters - http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/your_home/water_heating/index.cfm/mytopic=12820</li> <li class="LI_Spaced">Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/Book_Recommendations.php">InspectAPedia Bookstore</A>. Also see our <a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/Book_Reviews.php">Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.</A></li> <li class="LI_Spaced">In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested<br><br><A HREF="#MoreReading">CONTINUE READING or RECOMMENDED ARTICLES</a>.</li> </UL>                <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-7164677-1"></script><script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-7164677-1'); </script>   <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7804030228143760" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>    <div id="Page_Bottom_C" > <a name="CDAssocTR"></a><a name="CDAssoc"></A><em><a name="CDAssocHRB"></a></em> <ul> <li class="LI_Spaced"><A HREF="https://www.carsondunlop.com/">Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd.,</a> 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: <a href="mailto:info@carsondunlop.com">info@carsondunlop.com</a>. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.<br><br> Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from <em><a href="https://store.carsondunlop.com/product/home-reference-book-in-soft-cover/">The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes</a></em> and to use illustrations from <a href="https://store.carsondunlop.com/product/illustrated-home-book/">The ILLUSTRATED HOME</a> . <br><br> Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services. </li> </ul></div> </DIV> <hr><br><center>ADVERTISEMENT</center><br>  <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-7804030228143760" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:block" data-ad-format="autorelaxed" data-ad-client="ca-pub-7804030228143760" data-ad-slot="6808804511"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br><hr> </DIV> <div id="footer">  <table border="0" bgcolor="68FFFE" ><tr><td rowspan="2"><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/index.php" title="InspectAPedia.com home"><img src="../graphics/IAP-ifavicon.png" alt="InspectAPedia.com"/></a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/index.php" >HOME</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/About_InspectApedia.php">ABOUT</a></td><td><A HREF="#QA">ASK a QUESTION</a></td></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/Contact-InspectApedia.php">CONTACT</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/Content_Use_Policy.php">CONTENT USE POLICY</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/InspectAPedia_Description.php">DESCRIPTION</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/InspectApedia_Policies.php">POLICIES</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/How_to_Print_Web_Pages.php">PRINT</a></td><td><a href="https://inspectapedia.com/Admin/InspectApedia-Privacy-Policy.php">PRIVACY</a></td></tr><tr> <td colspan="9"><font size="-1">© 2024 - 1985 Publisher InspectApedia.com - Daniel Friedman</A></font></td></tr></table> </div> </DIV>    <SCRIPT async src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></SCRIPT> </BODY> </HTML>