Chimney height & horizontal clearance specification FAQs set #2:
These questions & answers discuss required height or other clearance distances for chimneys at rooftops, patios, decks, terraces, and between flues or between a chimney and nearby windows, doors, neighbours. .
This article series describes the height requirements for chimneys, including rooftop clearances and overall chimney height necessary for proper chimney draft and function and for fire safety. We describe what can go wrong with chimneys that are not built to proper height or with proper clearances from other building features, including improper or unsafe heating appliance or fireplace or woodstove operation, odors, soot, draft issues, etc.
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These questions about chimney or flue height & clearance from various building features were posted originally at CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE - please be sure to see the chimney height and clearances specified on that page.
[Click to enlarge any image]
On 2018-02-12 by (mod) - allowable chimney slope 30° or 45° off from vertical
John
You can probably install at° off of vertical - depending on local codes and providing you follow the manufacturer's instructions that include limits on both length and number of elbows.
Please see ANGLED CHIMNEYS at https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Angled_Chimney_Flues.php where I correct my earlier remarks and give a detailed answer to your question.
On 2018-02-12 by John
How about 30 degrees I read on another forum that was max
I have an attached garage that I want to put a oil fired furnace in. I am curious if I’m allowed to put flue pipe at a 45degree angle in attic space to get horizontal distance from house to the required 10 feet
On 2018-02-09 by (mod) - very flat meetal chimney run?
Rodney
Please see See CLASS A CHIMNEYS, MetalBestos™ at https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Class_A_Metalbestos_8482_Chimneys.php
I agree that a long usually horizontal flue vent connector is a common source of clogs or blockage, and draft problems and is even more of a problem if it runs through an inaccessible area meaning it's not likely to be inspected or cleaned.
I would also look for secondary Cruz of a history of draft problems chimney leaks or chimney blockages such as signs of backdrafting or damage to a metal flue vent connector
On 2018-02-07 by Phil
Hi, i just bought a house and im really curious about the chimney. From my basement, the chimney goes under my garage floor with a light angle but its almost consider as a flat surface. It goes up about 3 feet on the 16 feet stretch. The house has 40 years and the chimney as been use a lot.
Theres not a lot of info on the internet about the maximum "flat or near flat" surface a chimney could have before it goes up. Thank you
On 2018-02-07 by Rodney Lowe - distance from chimneyto power source
How far from the power source should a class A chimney be ?
On 2018-01-20 by Ron
I have a chimney that is about 2ft below the peak and about 8 feet to the peak. I do not get a good draft. I have a terra-cotta liner in the chimney. Should I extend the chimney or have a Stainless Steel liner installed to correct this problem? Thank you in advance for your assistance..
On 2018-01-08 by (mod) -
I'm doubtful, Trevor, because of fire clearance, protection from vehicle impact, and presence of an open flame or spark too close to the garage floor. Check first with your local building department about what they will allow.
On 2018-01-08 by Trevor
I have a two story home (32by52) with attached garage (30by16). Can I put wood stove in far corner of garage, which means chimney will be roughly 14 feet from second level of my home, and if so, do I need to extend top of chimney above roof of home or will I be safe the 10 foot rule plus 2 from the roof of my garage.
On 2017-12-21 by Ron
How high does a chimney and how far from a parapet t on a flat roof
On 2017-12-04 by (mod) - hybrid mix of masonry and insulated or listed metal chimney
Doreen
It might be possible to use part of an existing masonry chimney that then exits to an approved listed metal chimney flue that then intern precedes to the correct height above your rooftop.
However that's a hybrid design that I would not consider without a thorough inspection by a certified chimney sweep or licensed installer. It's important because making a mistake could result in this building fire.
Whenever you use a hybrid or jury-rigged design there are risks that because someone has to invent the connections there will be future problems such as leaks where the metal flue exits the chimney at the building exterior or difficulty in cleaning the chimney because of its multiple bends and turns.
Those in turn mean higher maintenance cost at higher risk of safety hazards.
On 2017-12-04 by Doreen
Chimney has been capped. Too expensive to rebuild so will need to do external flue for woodburner. Can I use existing chimney to use flue and then use external flue to exit chimney just under roof eaves. This is on gable end of hip roof and ridge is more than 3 metres away from where I would exit the new flue. How high must the new flue be above the exit point?
On 2017-11-03 by Mike Florindi
Hi,
The basement wood stove shares the enclosed plenum behind the living
room non-vented LP Fireplace. Next week we are have the roof
replaced. The area where the existing stove chimney exists also has
to have the wood replaced.
I'll be to replacing the non-vented fireplace in the future. While
the roof is getting replaced - I'd like to prep it so the new vented
fireplace chimney is done.
Question: Until I can decide on a B-Vent or Direct Vent Fireplace -
can I install a second wood stove chimney to be covered either way?
Or is there another way to cover either future installation? How far apart do they have to be. The existing wood stove chimney is inches behind the gas fireplace and curves up top to fit through the roof - stopping me from going stright up from the future fireplace.
On 2017-10-24 by Fred
Is there a clearance requirement for fireplace chimneys and roof vents for the attic? The vents in use are turbines. Thank you.
On 2017-10-23 by (mod) -
Thanks for the critique, Visitor, I'll review the text.
Take a look at the page top illustration: https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Chimney_Clearance_Spec020-DFs.jpg as that should be pretty basic and clear.
If you have a specific question or can point me to something that's particularly confusing in the text I'll be pleased to clarify that.
On 2017-10-23 by A Visitor
Your description of the 2', 3' and 10' clearances is EXTREMELY confused.
On 2017-10-05 by Les Lenchner
What is the minimum height of a boiler, furnace, or any heating device in relationship to the horzontal portion from the outlet?
How much higher must the vertical portion of a chimney be to compensate for a horizontal, 16" pipe that travels 11.25 feet?
On 2017-09-25 by (mod) -
Wayne, I don't understand all of the words in your query ("a past the code") but generally a pellet stove would
1. comply with wood stove venting requirements
2. follow clearances specified for its vent as in the installation manual for the stove
Some of those installation guides will add an additional 12" to an existing chimney top "... to be sure the termination is an adequate distance above the roofline." - source:
DURA VENT METAL CHIMNEY INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS [PDF] retrieved 2018/02/12, original source: Dura Vent, 877 Cotting Court, Vacaville, CA 95688 USA
Tel: 800.835.4429
Fax: 707.446.4740 Email:
customerservice@duravent.com retrieved 2018/02/12 at https://www.duravent.com/docs/product/L150_W.pdf
Note also that direct-venting pellet stoves will have different clearance requirements from those venting through a new or an existing chimney.
So if you tell me the brand and model of your specific pellet stove I'll be glad to help track down those specifics.
General reply: 12" above the roof line from the point of penetration. Some instructions measure on the down-side of the chimney at the roof, but safer is to measure from the higher side of the roof slope.
Note that that pellet stove requirement is LESS clearance than would be required for a conventional wood stove or most other fuel burning appliances. Venting through an existing chimney or flue that was already built to code will usually provide safer and higher clearances (see our woodstove clearance notes).
But in that case you will also need to be sure that the existing chimney is properly sized and in safe operating condition for the manner of its intended use.
Notes on termination of Pellet Vent Pipe from NFPA211(2006ed.)Section10.4Termination:10.4.5
- Not less than three (3) feet above any forced air inlet located within ten (10) feet.
- Not less than four (4) feet below, four (4) feet horizontally from, or one (1) foot above any door, window or gravity air inlet into any building.
- Not less than two (2) feet from an adjacent building, and not less than seven (7) feet above grade where located adjacent to public walkways.
The exhaust exit shall be arranged so that the flue gases are not directed so that it will affect people, overheat combustible structures, or enter buildings.
Forced draft systems and all parts of induced draft systems under positive pressure during operation shall be installed gastight or to prevent leakage of combustion products into a building.
Through-the-wall vents shall not terminate over public walkways, or where condensate or vapor could create hazards or a nuisance.
Be sure to follow local codes and all manufacturer’s instructions (including exhaust pipe).
Consult a professional installer and/or call Technical Support for the brand and model of your pellet stove if you have any questions.
On 2017-09-25 by Wayne
What is the code to run a 3-inch insulated pipe a past the code of a roof for a pellet stove
On 2017-09-04 by Todd rader
Have a gas furnace, what are the code requirement for hright
On 2017-08-11 by (mod) -
Thanks for asking, Dan.
The recommended clearance distances between insulated individual metal flues such as Metalbestos products are discussed briefly at https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Chimney_Height_Codes_Specifications.php#WoodClr - that's in the
article CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE.
There you'll see this illustration https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/1009s.jpg recommending at least 16" of separation to avoid damage.
Keep in mind that the final authority is your local building code compliance inspector - in most jurisdictions you're required to obtain a permit and safety inspections to install a wood-fueled heater, and those in turn add what amounts to a valuable and free fire safety inspection that I recommend. Also see what your chimney manufacturer specifies.
Selkirk, owned by Johnson Controls, (e.g. producer of the Selkirk Metalbestos Class A Insulated Stainless Steel Chimney ) in the U.S. can be contacted for technical support at 1.800.748.0392 (press option 5) or contact the company at 800.992.8368 or by Email: info@selkirkcorp.com
Selkirk Corporation
5030 Corporate Exchange Blvd. SE
Grand Rapids, MI 49512 USA
or
Selkirk Canada Corporation
P.O. Box 526, Depot 1,
Hamilton, ON L8L 7X6
Tel: 888.SELKIRK (735.5475)
On 2017-08-11 by Dan at RockyPoint
I am installing a wood heating stove and a wood cook stove. The flues will terminate 2 feet above the ridge line. Each appliance will have it's own flue. What is the distance between the flues required I am using Metalbestos 6" flue. And what should be the difference between the tops of the flue. I understand they cannot be the same length.
Thanks
On 2017-08-10 by (mod) - How high does a flue need to be if there is a terrace on the roof?
There are two different concerns in answering your excellent question, Dave.
1. The minimum chimney height above a terrace has to address fire and safety clearances from roof surfaces and building openings, as given
in CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Chimney_Height_Codes_Specifications.php - which is this very article
That can be as little as one foot over a flat roof, though we warn that if that height results in an overall too-short chimney flue, such as would occur at a one-story flat roofed building whose chimney just extends up a foot over the roof surface, the appliance vented in that chimney may be unsafe due to inadequate draft.
2. Additional height or provisions might be needed to protect occupants on a terrace or patio from chimney smoke and fumes - those are not fire safety issues.
You may not find all possible occupied spaces codified in chimney height or clearance codes.
In that case I'd apply at least the minimum clearance distances intended to prevent flue gases from entering a building window or door that might be opened.
Here is an example from paragraph 503.8 Venting system termination location, in the 2003 International Fuel Gas Code
that you can find
at COPIES of BUILDING CODES ONLINE
A mechanical draft venting system, excluding direct-vent appliances, shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219
mm)below, 4 feet (1219mm)horizontally from, or 1 foot (305 mm) above any door, operable window, or gravity
air inlet into any building. The bottom of the vent terminal shall be located at least 12 inches (305 mm) above
grade.
3. The vent terminal of a direct-vent appliance with an input
of 10,000 Btu per hour (3 kW) or less shall be located at least 6 inches (152 mm) from any air opening into a
building, and such an appliance with an input over 10,000 Btu per hour (3 kW) but not over 50,000 Btu per
hour (14.7 kW) shall be installed with a 9-inch (230 mm) vent termination clearance, and an appliance with an input
over 50,000 Btu/h (14.7 kw) shall have at least a 12-inch (305 mm) vent termination clearance.
The bottom
of the vent terminal and the air intake shall be located at least 12 inches (305 mm) above grade
You could "interpret" these guidelines to mean that the chimney should terminate high enough over the terrace or rooftop patio that people are not exposed to nor within four feet of the chimney terminus. Using a person height of six feet you'd get to a ten foot chimney height over the terrace.
Of course the final authority is your local building code inspector. Ask your building department for an opinion and do us the favor of telling us by another comment here just what you're told.
On 2017-08-10 by Dave
How high does a flue need to be if there is a terrace on the roof?
On 2017-08-10 by (mod) how to determine the required chimney height over a rooftop deck or patio
There are two different concerns in answering your excellent question, Dave.
1. The minimum chimney height above a terrace has to address fire and safety clearances from roof surfaces and building openings, as given
in CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE
That can be as little as one foot over a flat roof, though we warn that if that height results in an overall too-short chimney flue, such as would occur at a one-story flat roofed building whose chimney just extends up a foot over the roof surface, the appliance vented in that chimney may be unsafe due to inadequate draft.
2. Additional height or provisions might be needed to protect occupants on a terrace or patio from chimney smoke and fumes - those are not fire safety issues. You may not find all possible occupied spaces codified in chimney height or clearance codes.
In that case I'd apply at least the minimum clearance distances intended to prevent flue gases from entering a building window or door that might be opened.
Here is an example from paragraph 503.8 Venting system termination location, in the 2003 International Fuel Gas Code
that you can find
at BUILDING CODE DOWNLOADS
A mechanical draft venting system, excluding direct-vent appliances, shall terminate at least 4 feet (1219
mm)below, 4 feet (1219mm)horizontally from, or 1 foot (305 mm) above any door, operable window, or gravity
air inlet into any building.
The bottom of the vent terminal shall be located at least 12 inches (305 mm) abovegrade.
3. The vent terminal of a direct-vent appliance with an inputof 10,000 Btu per hour (3 kW) or less shall be located at least 6 inches (152 mm) from any air opening into abuilding, and such an appliance with an input over 10,000 Btu per hour (3 kW) but not over 50,000 Btu perhour (14.7 kW) shall be installed with a 9-inch (230 mm) vent termination clearance, and an appliance with an inputover 50,000 Btu/h (14.7 kw) shall have at least a 12-inch (305 mm) vent termination clearance.
The bottom
of the vent terminal and the air intake shall be located at least 12 inches (305 mm) above grade
You could "interpret" these guidelines to mean that the chimney should terminate high enough over the terrace or rooftop patio that people are not exposed to nor within four feet of the chimney terminus. Using a person height of six feet you'd get to a ten foot chimney height over the terrace.
Of course the final authority is your local building code inspector. Ask your building department for an opinion and do us the favor of telling us by another comment here just what you're told.
On 2017-08-10 by Dave How high does a flue need to be if there is a terrace on the roof?
How high does a flue need to be if there is a terrace on the roof?
On 2017-08-06 by Ryan McNair - the 3-2-10 chimney code summarizes NFPA specifications
@Ellie,
The code is 3,2,10. A chimney must be a minimum of 36" tall and 2 feet above anything within 10 feet of the top of chimney. That is NFPA code clearance.
[Below added by editor for clarification]
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On 2017-05-14 by (mod) chimney height restrictions for a bungalow with chimney on top of roof line
Ellie,
If the chimney exits roof at the ridge it needs to extend at least two feet above the surface of the ridge. If the chimney exits the roof at some lower point then if you draw a horizontal line from the top of the chimney flue opening to the point at which that line would touch the roof, but distance must be ten feet or more. That requirement could also mean that you need to extend a chimney height.
Purpose of these rules is principally fire safety but also chimney draft may be affected
On 2017-05-14 by Ellie
What are the chimney height restrictions for a bungalow with chimney on top of roof line..?.
Kindest regards
Ellie
On 2017-04-04 by (mod) chimney clearance for combo units?
Adam
What do you mean by "combo unit"?
You may want to see CHIMNEY CLEARANCE to NEIGHBORS - https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Chimney_Clearance_to_Neighbours.php
On 2017-04-04 by Adam
I have a combo unit at roof top that is within 4 feet from chimney that is the same height of combo unit. Is there a certain height the chimney needs to be to be close to combo unit
On 2017-03-16 by (mod) adjacent or near-adjacent chimney flues
Elizabeth
I think you're asking about adjacent or near-adjacent chimney flues - please check that section
of CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE
On 2017-03-16 by Elizabeth
Is a heat furnace flute or vent that's 3 foot tall on the roof and is several feet away from the chimney, considered a "structural component?"
Would the chimney have to be 2 foot taller in height than the heat furnace flute? The house was built in 1963. Thank you.
On 2017-01-31 by (mod) The ten-foot / two-foot chimney rule:
Martin:
The ten-foot / two-foot chimney rule:
The top of a chimney must also extend at least two feet above a roof, ridge, or other structural component that is ten feet or less away in horizontal distance.
"Any other structural component" would include the gable end of your house.
This height is shown by the vertical blue arrow shown at the left hand chimney in the sketch in the article above and the ten foot line is shown in black in the same drawing.
On 2017-01-31 by martin
please could you let me know the distance our neighbours woodburning flue should be away from my gable end
On 2017-01-27 by Classic chimney
I have a client that has a 9" stainless steel liner with a lenox gas boiler 6" output 80000 btu with a water heater 3" 40000 btu, inspecter said he feels a downdraft and system needs to be reduced do i have to removethe 9" to install a 6" thank you
On 2017-01-01 by (mod) 16" separation between adjacent metal chimney flues
Tim in the article CHIMNEY HEIGHT & CLEARANCE CODE our source cites 16" separation between adjacent metal chimney flues. Your local code inspector or the manufacturer of your chimney product may have a different requirement.
Please also see FLUE SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS at https://inspectapedia.com/chimneys/Masonry_Chimney_Flue_Separation_Code.php
On 2016-12-29 by Tim in Wisconsin
I am constructing a chimney chase that will enclose 3 double wall stainless chimneys. How far apart do they need to be? At the exit point of the chase, what different heights do the chimney caps need to be?
On 2016-12-05 by (mod) maisonette home chimney clearances
Mr. G.
I am guessing that you refer to a maisonette home - a small apartment on two or more floors of a larger building and with its own entrance.
We cannot assess chimney, heater, nor home safety conditions by e-text and your note leaves me frightened.
I do not understand your question nor situation. But because there are life safety concerns - fire and gas poisoning risks - if you have ANY reason to suspect that there is a fire, a chimney leak, or you see or smell smoke you should get everyone out of the building immediately and call emergency services from a safe location.
On 2016-12-05 by Anonymous
I Live in a 1950 type Masonet. My downstairs f/place has been removed,and the old back boiler removed. (Gas).
Upstairs there is still in use solid fuel fire.My openING has been blocked up,with a small air vent.When there is alive fire I get awful smell of smoke in my bedroom.,I have now blocked the air vent in my bedroom.it's right to have this situation on going.With regards Mr g what pudney
On 2016-11-27 by (mod) Gas Appliance input BTU De-Rating Guidelines for High Altitude Installations?
Good Question Jason. Using the model Fuel Gas Code, Chapter 5,
What are the Gas Appliance input BTU De-Rating Guidelines for High Altitude Installations?
504.2.5 High-altitude installations. Sea-level input ratings shall be used when determining maximum capacity for high altitude installation. Actual input (derated for altitude) shall be used for determining minimum capacity for high altitude installation.
Translating, I think this means that since a chimney size and design must meet the fuel and input BTUh ratings of the appliance vented through it, at high altitude you're being given guidance on which BTUh numbers to use.
Between 6000 and 11,000 feet of altitude above sea level, you must follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the heating appliance(s) involved.
I've read that typical BTUh de-rating percentages are as follows:
De-rate the input BTUh by 2% per 1000 feet [presumably that's per 1000 ft. above 6000] for forced-draft appliances
De-rate the input BTUH by 4% per 1000 feet (as above) for natural draft appliances.
Watch out: depending on where you live, your gas supplier may also be using a gas that itself has more or less BTUs per unit volume of gas than standard. Be sure to check with your gas supplier. They'll know the exact situation for where you live.
Also see this Rheem PDF on water heaters at high altitude
http://www.rheem.com/docs/FetchDocument.aspx?ID=60b83cc1-ff36-4b55-b757-ac5a6b665761
On 2016-11-27 by Jason specification adjustments for high altitude applications
I was wondering if there are specification adjustments for high altitude applications . I live at approximately 7800 feet above sea level. Thank you for providing this information!
On 2016-10-25 by (mod) Washington State's Fire Code
Anon:
Washington State has adopted and modified the national fire code. Here is a current copy of Washington State's Fire Code
I don't see a specific mention of tree-to-chimney clearance but the model code Chapter 6 states a 10-foot requirement for clearance from tree to chimney; I'd assume this is from the closest part of the tree to the closest part of any chimney.
"a chimney shall be pruned to maintain a minimum horizontal clearance of 10 feet "
inspectapedia.com/Design/Fire_Code_Washington.pdf
Here are excerpts from the ICC International Wildlife-Urban Interface Code that make sense to me regarding chimney safety:
Section 604, Maintenance of Defensible Space
604.4 Tees: Tree crowns extending to within 10 feet (3048 mm) of any structure shall be pruned to maintain a minimum horizontal clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm). Tree crowns within the defensible space shall be pruned to remove limbs located within 6 feet (1829 mm) above the surface adjacent to the trees.
604.4.1 Chimney Clearance: Portions of tree crowns that extend to within 10 feet (3048 mm) of the outlet of a chimney shall be pruned to maintain a minimum horizontal clearance of 10 feet (3048 mm)
604.4.2 Deadwood removed: Deadwood and litter shall be regularly removed from trees.
cf http://codes.iccsafe.org/app/book/content/2015-I-Codes/2015%20IWUIC%20HTML/Chapter%206.html
On 2016-10-25 by Anonymous Washington State Fire Codes, regulations, guidelines for safe proximity of chimney to trees
Would like to know any Washington State Fire Codes, regulations, guidelines for safe proximity of chimney to trees.
On 2016-10-15 by Annie
Thank you for all the information. I just asked a company rebuild the chimney and I felt something wrong with it. then I found this web to see, it is too short. only about two layer brake over the roof. I sent massage to the guy, he said what they did is exactly follow the code. How and where can I ask somebody to give a official document to show the chimney is follow the code or not. thank you very much for your help.
On 2016-10-11 by Paul Balga
Hi,
Is it possible to remove the masonry from around a clay liner and still be in compliance with code? I am putting on a new metal roof and installing a high efficiency furnace, and want to remove the chimney to about 18" above the roof line. In case the roof install is ready before the furnace is, I don't want to damage it by dropping bricks on it during the chimney demolition. Knocking the clay liner down later should be a simpler task.
On 2016-09-29 by (mod)
If you mean the chimney is 20 ft. horizontal distance from the nearest other building wall or roof, that should be ok; you might need a taller chimney to improve draft as well as adding a chimney cap; I'd ask for an opinion from your local certified chimney sweep, as there could be other reasons for bad draft such as a leaky cleanout door or inadequate combustion air supply. Also search InspectApedia for CHIMNEY DRAFT to read more.
On 2016-09-28 by Wayne Matthews
My single story bonus room fireplace is 20'from the two story main house.
The current chimney is 8' feet above the roof line at the chimney location (at the rear wall) and 5 feet above the bonus room roof height where it attaches to the main house. It does not draw well. It does not have a cap. I understand that a cap would help but what about chimney height?
Is the 20'distance from the second floor enough or do I need to raise the chimney height and put a cap on it?
On 2016-09-25 by kelley
Similar question, I have an attached 2 car garage (1st roof line; if I put a wood stove in my garage must the chimney pipe be above the 2nd floor roofline?
On 2016-09-21 4 by tim
I want to place a wood burner stove in basement and go out side of house. Must my chimney go up through entire second story roof, or just first floor roof? It will not be 10 ft away from any thing unless I leave the basement wall and go outwards 10 ft. That would look poor.
On 2016-09-13 by Anonymous
For the case I think you are describing the top of the chimney outlet flue opening should be 2 feet above the ridge.
Hello,
I'm confused...if my chimney runs up the side of the house and meets the roof at the ridge line. Does the height need to be 3 or 2 feet above the ridge line§§
...
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