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How to fix a hot water heater diagnostic & repair procedures - home
POST a QUESTION or COMMENT about how the proper starting point when we need to identify & diagnose problems with building hot water tanks, heaters, piping, pressure, flow, quantity, temperature, safety, noises, or other hot water troubles.
How to fix a water heater that is not working at all or is not working adequately.
This article series describes the starting point for fixing problems with a building hot water supply.
We pose a few easy questions to make sure you are taking the quickest and most economical approach to understanding, diagnosing, and fixing hot water system complaints like loss of all hot water, poor hot water flow or pressure, hot water that is not hot enough, running out of hot water, or hot water heater operating cost, noises, leaks, or maintenance.
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Hot Water Troubleshooting Diagnostic Guide
This page gives a list of diagnostic procedures that can fix just about any water heater problem.
Not enough hot water, depending on whom you speak with, might be that you run out of hot water too soon, or that the flow rate at the shower is too weak, or that the hot water is really not hot enough.
To really improve domestic hot water supply it's worth taking a minute to accurately describe exactly what the problem is. You won't be spending time and money on the right repair if you fix the wrong problem. Below we clear up some confusing ways people use terms.
Before we detail steps to improve building hot water supply volume, flow rate, temperature, or to fix "not enough hot water" complaints, to look at the hotwater supply troubleshooting articles below.
Keep in mind that at your building you may have more than one of these conditions.
No hot water: If you have no hot water at all, but cold water comes out of the hot water faucets, make sure that your water heater has fuel (oil or gas) or power (electric, solar).
Also check for a defective high temperature limit switch (there is a reset switch on the thermostat) or for a defective upper thermostat (you'll have tepid hot water but no HOT water).
Hot water pressure or flow: if your problem is gradual or long-standing poor hot water pressure, or flow, that is, water comes out of the faucet or shower weakly or too slowly, start your diagnosis here
Poor hot water flow, or bad hot water pressure, which is usually a piping or clogging problem, a clog at a hot water valve, mineral clogging at a water tank or tankless coil, or an overall building water pressure problem. In the article below we describe how to improve hot water pressure and flow.
If your hot water pressure has been lost but you still have some, poor hot water flow at all, some or just one fixture,
Hot water quantity: if your problem is gradual or long-standing poor hot water quantity, that is your water is hot enough, but you run out of hot water too soon.
If you do not have not enough hot water quantity, you are running out of hot water very quickly. Insufficient hot water quantity may be due to the way hot water is being made: a water heater that is too small, a tankless coil on a new small heating boiler, or an instantaneous water heater that is being asked to supply hot water too rapidly.
Poor hot water quantity can also be caused by mineral deposits and clogging in a hot water tank. Mineral clogging can clog pipes (slower flow) or insulate the heat transfer (water not hot enough, slow recovery, noisy water tank).
Hot water delivery time: if you want to speed the delivery of hot water to plumbing fixtures or if the recovery rate of your water heater is too slow, if the water heater is electric check for a defective upper or lower heating element.
Hot water heating costs: If your hot water heating costs are too high check for:
The hot water thermostat is set unnecessarily high - see the thermostat on the control or aquastat for your oil or gas fired water heater or tankless coil boiler; or
Check for long hot water piping runs, especially if the hot water piping is also not insulated and/or runs through cold areas, or if hot water supply piping was routed through exterior building walls (exposed to low temperatures).
Running a hot water pipe right alongside the cold water supply pipe to the plumbing fixtures can also sap hot water temperature and increase water heating costs.
Check for building occupants who waste hot water - long showers, baths, leaving the kitchen sink hot water running continuously; also check for leaky hot water faucets in the building or for wrong piping connections (we found a running toilet that had been connected to hot water instead of cold water piping)
Check for a water heater that is too small for the building it serves - causing it to run continuously
Check for a water heater thermostatic control that is out of calibration - keeping water hotter than its setting
Consider making your hot water using a different, more economical method. The characteristics of various water heaters such as life expectancy, cost, safety, and capacity are discussed
Hot water recovery rate: if you have good hot water, and plenty of it at a good flow rate, but when you run out it takes too long for your water heater to recover, that is usually an innate property of the water heater type and model.
The higher the BTUh input rate of your water heater the faster it will "recover". In order of recovery speed, from fastest to slowest, are tankless water heaters, oil fired water heaters, gas fired water heaters, electric water heaters. Solar water heater recovery rates vary depending on sun availability and the type of back-up hot water source provided.
Poor hot water recovery rate can also be caused by mineral deposits and clogging in a hot water tank. Mineral clogging can clog pipes (slower flow) or insulate the heat transfer (water not hot enough, slow recovery, noisy water tank).
Hot water temperature that is not hot enough: water temperature is just too cool. Insufficient hot water temperature may be due simply to the setting of a temperature control on a water heater or mixing valve, or it may be due to flowing water too fast through a tankless coil. Hot water that is not hot enough can be caused by quite a list of problems, some of which are easy to correct.
Water heater itself is acting up or leaking: noises, smoke, odors, leaks, not working at all: you need to jump to our home page for the type of water heater you have. At each of those pages we describe the heater, its properties, and its maintenance or repair.
ALTERNATIVE HOT WATER SOURCES, start here if your water is heated by an electric shower heaer, a high efficiency water heater, a range boiler, a side arm coil water heater, or a solar water heater
On 2020-07-09 by (mod) - look for an anti-scald device or pressure or flow regulator for your water heater
Jenn
The water heater's thermostat is not likely to be the problem here. On an electric water heater - which I surmise you've got - the thermostat simply changes the water temperature, not flow rate.
But some buildings use a separate mixing valve or anti-scald device outside the water heater. That device mixes cold water in with outgoing hot so as to avoid scalding. If such a device is installed and is malfunctioning both water temperature and flow rate might be affected. Examples are at ANTI SCALD VALVES & TEMPERATURE CONTROL / MIXING VALVES
You'd help me out by also posting a photo of the whole water heater, including showing plumbing connections to it and near to it.
I'd also like to be able to see the water heater brand or logo markings: looks like a Sears heater.
Where is (country and city) and how old is the building where this water heater is installed?
On 2020-07-09 by Jenn
There is a thermostat. I’ve never touched it. [Photo above] [Click to enlarge any image]
There is a dial on the front of the ware heater to control temperature but I’ve never touched it.
On 2020-07-09 (mod)
- troubleshooting varyiations in hot water flow rate or "pressure" when cold water is unaffected
Ok that's helpful;
So is there a hot water device that controls temperature - such as an anti-scald valve (or less-likely a flow control valve that limits flow) ? because that's a possible culprit.
On 2020-07-09 00:11:09.401880
by Jenn
I’m on city water and the cold water has consistent higher pressure
On 2020-07-08 (mod)
Are we sure it's only hot water pressure that varies? Is your water supplied by pump and well?
On 2020-07-08 by Jenn
I’ve noticed that my hot water pressure has begun to fluctuate. I have an electric hot water heater that is 22 yrs old. I’m am in the process of remodeling my bathroom so we have only been using the kitchen sink for a week now.
On 2019-11-06 (mod)
- diagnose almost zero water pressure everywhere in the house
Travis what has happened in your search for the water pressure problem? If you still have no water pressure you would want to start with the Diagnostics given
Hey all, I woke up to having almost zero water pressure everywhere in the house. I turned on faucet downstairs and it goes full blast for 1 second then nothing. Water heater made a hissing noise I'm assuming near shut off valve. Could this be the reason it do you thinks its sediment build up
On 2019-01-04 (mod)
- odors from oil fueled water heatr
Fredi
It sounds as if your oil burner is not running properly - that can be unsafe, not just smelly. I suggest calling your heating company to ask for a cleaning and tune-up of the water heater and its oil burner.
Oil fueled water heater starts fuming foul odor, and then shots off. The water it self is not foul smelling or tasting. When I restart it will shot off after less than a minute.
On 2018-10-07 (mod)
- pilot light won't stay on at water heater
I wouldn't start by assuming the problem requires a water heater replacement. It could be a problem of lack of fuel or a bad thermocouple.
Or see WATER HEATER PROBLEM DIAGNOSIS FAQs - recent Q&A about calorifier, geyser, hot water cylinder, water heater troubleshooting - posted originally on this page.
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In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
Mark Cramer Inspection Services Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, Mr. Cramer is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors and is a Florida home inspector and home inspection educator. Mr. Cramer serves on the ASHI Home Inspection Standards. Contact Mark Cramer at: 727-595-4211 mark@BestTampaInspector.com
John Cranor [Website: /www.house-whisperer.com ] is an ASHI member and a home inspector (The House Whisperer) is located in Glen Allen, VA 23060. He is also a contributor to InspectApedia.com in several technical areas such as plumbing and appliances (dryer vents). Contact Mr. Cranor at 804-873-8534 or by Email: johncranor@verizon.net
SOLAR WATER HEATERS [PDF] , U.S. Department of Energy article on solar domestic water heaters to generate domestic hot water in buildings, explains how solar water heaters work. Solar heat for swimming pools is also discussed.
HEAT-TRANSFER FLUIDS for SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEMS [PDF] , U.S. DOE, describes the types of fluids selected to transfer heat between the solar collector and the hot water in storage tanks in a building. These include air, water, water with glycol antifreeze mixtures (needed when using solar hot water systems in freezing climates), hydrocarbon oils, and refrigerants or silicones for heat transfer.
SOLAR WATER HEATING SYSTEM FREEZE PROTECTION [PDF] , U.S. DOE,using antifreeze mixture in solar water heaters (or other freeze-resistant heat transfer fluids), as well as piping to permit draining the solar collector and piping system.
www.energysavers.gov/your_home/water_heating/index.cfm/mytopic=12850 is the base U.S. DOE website for these article
"Building Owner Water Heater Safety Notice", Building Department, City of Colleyville TX, web search 09/24/2010, original source: http://www.colleyville.com/dmdocuments/Building%20
Owner%20Water%20Heater%20Safety%20Notice%203-6-102.pdf
Quoting: Water heater safety is imperative to the occupants of a building or structure. If improperly installed, water heaters can be detrimental to the structure, as well as being potentially fatal to its occupants. The proper installation of a water heater is so important that according to Texas State Law all water heater installations must be inspected by a state licensed plumbing inspector.
[20] SCALE FORMATION in WATER HEATERS and METHODS of PREVENTION free download as [PDF] Krappe,
Justus Maximilian, Engineering experiment station. Gas engineering bulletin; no. 6; Research series; no. 74; On cover: Engineering bulletin, Purdue university. Vol. xxiv, no. 3a. June, 1940 (Layfayette Indiana) commonly referred to in some references as "Purdue University Bulletin No. 74" - thanks to researcher Robyn Goldstein for the full citation. LCCN: 40028844 & OCLC: 1038544 - Water analysis, water softening, hot-water supply. 27pages.
You can also obtain this document through your local library. (full copy file at InspectAPedia 3/31/2010) Purdue B074 can be hard to locate online.
Also Bradford White Corporation (a manufacturer of water heaters) previously published
National Fuel Gas Code (Z223.1) $16.00 and National Fuel Gas Code Handbook (Z223.2) $47.00 American Gas Association (A.G.A.), 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209 also available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269. Fundamentals of Gas Appliance Venting and Ventilation, 1985, American Gas Association Laboratories, Engineering Services Department. American Gas Association, 1515 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209. Catalog #XHO585. Reprinted 1989.
SOLAR WATER HEATERS [PDF] , U.S. Department of Energy article on solar domestic water heaters to generate domestic hot water in buildings, explains how solar water heaters work. Solar heat for swimming pools is also discussed.
In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services.