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Chimneys and Flues Home Page
Chimney Construction,
Inspection, Diagnosis, Safety & Repairs
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR - home. How to inspect chimneys and flues - a detailed guide to all aspects of chimney inspection, diagnosis, safety, repair, and specifications for venting fireplaces and heating appliances
- Chimney inspection & photo guide to chimney types, materials, defects
- Chimney cleaning procedures; chimney types & materials
- Chimney draft problem diagnosis & repair
- Chimney movement, cracks, leaning, curved, collapse diagnosis & repair
- Chimney & flue fire clearances & chimney sizing
- Masonry & metal chimney inspection, clearances, codes
- Flues & flue vent connectors, inspection, diagnosis, repair
- Fireplaces, woodstoves, inserts: inspection, diagnosis, repair
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION: FLUE INTERIOR
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION INDOORS
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION OUTDOORS
- CHIMNEY INSPECTION AT ROOFTOP
- UNLINED FLUE INSPECTIONS
- Questions & Answers about all aspects of residential chimneys: chimney types, installation, inspection, problem diagnosis, repair or replacement or re-lining, chimney safety & fire or flue gas or carbon monoxide hazards from unsafe chimneys, flues, vents, or flue vent connectors
- References
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InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.
Chimney, Fireplace & Woodstove information home page: This article series on chimneys, flues, and vents and on fireplaces & woodstoves explains how to inspect & detect defects and hazards in these heating systems & components. We
also provide chimney & fireplace repair advice along with chimney repair alternatives such as relining vs. replacement. Chimney and flue safety hazards such as carbon monoxide gas leaks, fire hazards, and chimney inspection and testing are addressed.
Guide to chimney inspections: this series of detailed chimney articles provides detailed suggestions describing how to perform a thorough visual inspection of chimneys for safety and other defects. Chimney inspection methods and chimney repair methods are also discussed. This chimney inspection article series describes and illustrates chimney inspection procedures and critical chimney defects which can be observed from outdoors at ground level, from the rooftop, from inside the building, and finally, by inspecting the interior of the chimney flue itself.
Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.
Chimneys and Flues: Construction & Inspection Methods, Diagnosis, Safety, Repairs
 In our page top photo, a single wythe brick flue had lost some of its bricks. The owner "fixed" this condition by
propping a board against a piece of aluminum flashing to cover the hole in the chimney. Where do you think the missing bricks were?They were not on the attic floor. I had been called to the building to investigate a basement water entry problem.This is what
we found: a single wythe brick chimney in a tall two story house with full basement. The water on basement walls was condensate from
flue gas spillage from the gas fired heating boiler whose flue was totally blocked by the fallen bricks and debris.
This was a serious carbon monoxide hazard and a dangerous chimney. The details of this case are presented at UNLINED FLUE INSPECTIONS. Our photo at left shows a client joining us in beginning to investigate the separation of a chimney from the house gable end wall.
At page left are links to detailed articles about all types of chimneys and flues: their construction, installation, inspection, diagnosis, and repair. Below we describe some key chimney troubleshooting articles.
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Introduction to Inspection of Chimneys and Flues
We begin with some basic definitions of chimneys and chimney types, followed by an outdoor chimney inspection beginning at ground level. the detection of chimney movement, its causes, its symptoms.
Our metal chimney photo (left) illustrates a single-wall 1960's vintage fireplace chimney that was set into a solid masonry fireplace. But this installation is no longer safe to use - it's too close to the second floor addition wall, and too short.
A chimney must be
moisture and gas tight and convey the products of combustion to the outside
atmosphere.
It sounds like a simple job, but because chimneys are exposed to weather, high and low temperatures, water and moisture, squirrels, nest-building hornets and birds, corrosive gases, occasional incompetent builders or installers, combustible products, potentially fatal flue gases, and even sparks that could cause a fire, and because proper venting of flue gases is necessary for safe and efficient heating system operation, a periodic and careful chimney inspection is important. |
What makes for a reliable chimney inspection for safety and function?
A combination of these three things:
- A chimney inspection procedure. Having an inspection procedure helps assure that no critical topic or chimney condition is ignoredChimney & Venting Alertness: the inspector cannot rely on a checklist or procedure to guarantee that a chimney inspection is complete and accurate. While checklists and procedures help this process, no checklist and no procedure can list every possible chimney defect or unsafe condition. Alertness includes attending to construction methods and materials or site conditions that might raise a concern about a chimney and might justify additional investigation, even when no problem is immediately visible.
- Good knowledge of chimney construction, safety, venting requirements, various chimney materials and construction methods and what tends to go wrong with each method. This helps the inspector to recognize a chimney defect or safety hazard even if seeing it for the first time.
This chimney information home page catalogs and gives details of chimney problems that can be observed from outside and from inside of a building. A naturally drafted chimney for natural gas or oil fuel appliances lasted
many years because of the hot gases venting up through the clay flue.
Changes
in the way chimneys are used, including changes from coal, wood, or oil heat to natural gas adds still more chimney problems, some of which are dangerous.Outside, by attending to even minor clues we might detect improper or unsafe heating system operation, collapse hazards, building leaks and water damage, and other concerns.
Of these, most critical and life threatening problem for which a home inspector or homeowner should be alert is
the risk of leaks of combustion products into the dwelling - gases which could contain the sparks of a fire or the threat of fatal carbon monoxide poisoning.
The photo at above left shows a cracked chimney top seal or "crown" and also that there is no
chimney cap installed. Notice my
green pen [DF] sticking right into the chimney masonry at the top?
Water and frost damage are risks for this flue.
What else can we see on this chimney top?
The flue looks pretty clean - perhaps
this is a gas-fired appliance. The top clay liner looks good - at least the part
we can see in the photo, but don't assume anything about the rest of the flue
before it's inspected. See the individual chimney inspection procedures and defects described at Chimney Inspection Outdoors From Ground and Chimney Inspection Outdoors at Rooftop.
Inside the building we may spot abandoned chimneys, unsafe chimneys, fire hazards and flue gas hazards. During the chimney inspection we may see little clues which point to potentially serious concerns, like broken clay flue tile liner parts in the bottom of a chimney cleanout opening. See Chimney Inspection Indoor Procedures for details. |
Chimney Components & Definitions
 When do Chimney Codes Apply to Existing Chimneys?
NFPA 54, the National Fuel Gas Code, recommends that when a
new appliance is retrofitted into an existing installation, or an existing appliance is
removed from a common vent, the entire venting system, which may include a
masonry chimney, should conform to current codes.
Many houses inspected
have had higher efficiency appliances installed, some direct vented, and we
observe corroded vent connector pipes, corroded chimney cleanout doors and
disintegrated masonry at the cleanout.
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Definition of Chimney: A chimney is a structure manufactured or constructed to form and enclose
one or more vertical passages (flues) through which products of combustion
pass to the outside atmosphere. A masonry chimney needs to have a sound foundation to prevent settling and movement, and must be soundly constructed so as not to leak combustion gases as well as to prevent setting the building on fire. See Chimney Types & Materials. In Carson Dunlop Associates' sketch just below, the lower end of a masonry chimney structure is visible at the left of the photo.
 Definition of Flue or Chimney Flue: A pipe or shaft for the passage of smoke, hot air and gas in a chimney. A single masonry chimney may contain more than one flue. There are important safety regulations about the construction, separation, and use of chimney flues within a chimney. In general chimney flues are not shared among devices on different floors, and sharing of flues among devices on a single floor is limited to certain heating equipment combinations. See Chimney Inspection: Flue Interiors for details. Also see our Q&A below that defines chimney flue again and explains flutes that appear on pipe organs - nothing to do with heating appliance chimneys.Carson Dunlop Associates' sketch at left shows a horizontal flue vent connector inserted into the chimney flue. The flue or chimney interior is shown in cross-section. In this example debris has clogged and blocked the chimney - producing a dangerous condition. Definition of Vent Connector or Flue Vent Connector: A vent is a manufactured product intended only to serve a specific type of
appliance under narrowly defined conditions. For example, the thin-walled metal pipe, typically 6" in diameter or larger and used to connect an oil-fired heating boiler or a gas-fired furnace to a metal or masonry chimney is properly called the flue vent connector. Lots of people call this component the "flue pipe" or "stack pipe".
There are important safety regulations about the components, installation, fire clearances, and fire ratings of flue vent connectors and their component parts. See Flue Vent Connectors - Boilers, Furnaces for details about the inspection, installation, hazards, and repairs of flue vent connectors.
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Inside Chimneys
All chimneys whose construction is entirely internal to the building structure up to the roof line are considered inside chimneys.
Outside Chimneys
Chimneys with three walls exposed to the outdoors are considered outside chimneys.
Vents may experience continued condensation. A "Type B" vent or a listed
chimney lining system passing through an unused masonry chimney flue is not
considered to be exposed to the outdoors, but a type B-vent or other metal chimney passing through an exterior wall chimney chase would also be considered an outside chimney. Outside chimneys, because they are exposed to colder temperatures than a chimney that passes through the building interior, may have different draft and performance properties and in some circumstances may not provide adequate draft. We discuss examples of this concern at CREOSOTE FIRE HAZARDS.
Three Sided Chimneys
A three-sided or "three walled chimney" is one which does not provide full masonry thickness or fire protection around all sides of the chimney flue. Three sided chimneys can be a very serious fire risk because the chimney has been built close to or even directly against combustible building materials without the necessary fire clearance and masonry fire protection needed. See Three-Sided Chimneys: Outdoors for details.
The Functions of a Chimney Wall
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 The chimney wall has two primary functions: structural and draft
inducing or thermal performance. Masonry chimney walls are generally built of brick,
stone or concrete masonry units. Codes dictate the thickness and mortar
requirements. All concrete products must be waterproofed and all mortar joints
solid through the thickness. Masonry chimneys may not be supported on
structural elements of the building. Masonry chimneys must be fully self supporting. See Bracket Chimneys below for an example of chimneys that are not self-supporting.Our photo (left) shows an unsupported chimney in the top floor of a pre-1900 home. This chimney has it all (bad): the masonry chimney rests on floorboards between floor joists - it does not support its own weight. The chimney is cracked, damaged, and has evidence of a fire. There are other defects as well. Notice the glass chemical fire extinguisher hanging from the ceiling? Will that be effective against a fire at the chimney? (And are its contents toxic?) Abandoned chimneys that have been partially removed may also be structures that are no longer self supporting. Surprising to some people is the discover that the lower portion of an internal masonry chimney has been removed in a building, leaving the inadequately-supported weight of remaining chimney sections in an attic or on upper building floors.
See Abandoned Chimneys: Outdoors, then Abandoned Chimneys - Indoor Inspection. Notes on articles in process are just below.
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Choices for Re-Lining Masonry Chimney Flues
This article will discuss when and why chimney flues are re-lined and lists a few of the chimney repair or relining alternatives. Selection of the chimney liner system depends on the configuration of the flue.Straight
flues are not difficult whereas offset flues will require a flexible liner system or the
removing of brick work at the offsets so that angle fittings can be installed. Both
flexible and single wall rigid metal liners can be insulated to further avoid
condensation. This is very important in cold climates and for high chimneys. See Re-Lining Choices for Masonry Chimneys for details.
Damaged Chimney flues: cracks, holes, spalling
Spalled brickwork can be replaced brick by brick or the chimney can be
rebuilt after tearing it down to a sound level. This allows for new flue tiles to be
installed if needed. Cracks need to be evaluated to identify the cause - a crack may indicate serious chimney movement, structural damage, risk of collapse, flue gas and fire hazards, or improper construction leading to thermal cracking. See Chimney Crack Detection & Diagnosis.
Metal Chimney Component Replacement
Metal components can be replaced and single-wall flue connectors, if
corroded on the bottom of horizontal sections, can be replaced with Type B or L
flues which will maintain the flue gas temperature and minimize condensation. See Replacement Components for Metal Chimneys for details.
List of some Key Chimney Inspection & Troubleshooting Articles
- Carbon Monoxide Gas Toxicity, exposure limits, building inspection for CO hazardsChimneys & Flues - Detailed Inspection Procedures: safety concerns, chimney inspection methods, chimney repair methods, chimney relining methods, chimney replacement, new installation alternatives; and direct-vent alternatives to chimneys for heating furnaces & boilersChimney Hazard Articles & Photographs of Examples
Chimney Height Extensions - a short chimney can mean inadequate draft, sooty oil burner operation, carbon monoxide production, and even setting the roof on fire. How do we fix a chimney that is too short?Chimney Safety Alert for Wood Burning Appliances - US CPSC Alert Document 5017, wood stoves, fireplace insertsChimney Safety Alert for Metal Chimneys - US CPSC Alert Document 5047, metal chimneys, wood and coal stove safetyChimney Sweep & Chimney Safety Associations & Directories: [Note that the two chimney association names below are located at and staffed by the same folks.]
- Chimney Safety Institute of American, CSIA, CSIA Technology Center, 2155 Commercial Drive, Plainfield, IN 46168. CSIA directory of CISA certified chimney professionals: Website: http://www.csia.org/ Email: mmcsweeney@ncsg.org
- National Chimney Sweeps Guild, NCSG, 2155 Commercial Drive, Plainfield, IN 46168, Tel: 317) 837-1500, Website: http://www.ncsg.org/ , Email: mmcsweeney@ncsg.org
DRAFT HOODS - gas fired heating appliance control for safe venting of combustion gases from the heater into a chimneyDRAFT REGULATORS, DAMPERS, BOOSTERS Oil fired heating appliances (furnaces, boilers, water heaters) are connected to a chimney to vent combustion gases; the draft regulator or "barometric" damper is needed to assure both the proper amount of draft and its consistencyEFFLORESCENCE, Salts & White / Brown Deposits - find and fix white deposits on the interior or exterior of masonry chimneysFIREPLACE INSPECTIONS - a professional chimney sweep lists safety defects that can be found at the fireplace or chimney by visual inspection indoors. Goodman Furnace High Temperature Plastic Vent HTPV safety recall US CPSC noticeHome Heating System Should Be Checked [for proper venting and for CO Carbon Monoxide Hazards - DJF]Inspection Procedures for Oil-Fired Heating Systems Detailed step by step approaches for inspecting complex systems]Lennox Pulse Furnace Safety Inspection/Warranty Program: Carbon Monoxide WarningNOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE includes a discussion of chimney noises from wind, chimney caps, or dangerous firesPlastic Heating Vent Pipe & Other Heating Safety Recall NoticesSTAINS on/near CHIMNEYS - what do white or brown stains mean on a masonry chimney exterior surface? Transite Pipes, Chimneys & Flues - Safety Hazards of deteriorated or blocked asbestos transite chimneysUnlined Chimney Flues: Inspection Procedures, Advice Safety Requirements for old chimneys - photos, dangerous carbon monoxide and blocked flue case report, chimney flue standards, chimney inspection suggestions
- Weil McLain Model GV Gas Boiler/gas valve CPSC recall/repair
Critical Chimney, Vent, & Flue Defects
CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR provides a detailed guide to visual inspection of all types of chimneys and flues.
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 Life Safety Hazards such as visual evidence of unsafe chimneys, fire hazards, flue gas and carbon monoxide hazards, missing or damaged safety devices (relief valves, emergency shutoffs),
and visual evidence of dangerous overheating or leaks. Life safety hazards also include collapsing chimneys.
Responsibly conducted, an inspection of a gas-fired furnace, for example, might
discover that the furnace has been exposed to severe rust-producing conditions which risk an unsafe heat exchanger and a carbon monoxide hazard
which could be fatal to building occupants.
Even though the interior of a chimney or flue is not fully visible, the contextual clues around the
chimney, if they are visually obvious, should be translated into a level of concern by the inspector, and where appropriate, translated into
a recommendation for action. This does not mean "failing" every chimney to be on the "safe side", it means responsible inspecting and reporting.
- Costly defects such as evidence of movement, damage to masonry flues, including chimney collapse, metal chimney & flue pitting or rust, leaks and damage to metal flues,
and obvious gaps, openings, or lack of clearance to combustibles should be reported. Sketch showing the fire clearance requirements for metal chimneys (above), courtesy Carson Dunlop Associates.
Watch out: At UNLINED FLUE INSPECTIONS we describe a scary story that happened when we identified an unsafe chimney and advised our client to have a chimney expert inspect and repair the condition. She called a chimney company listed in her local telephone book. But the "expert" was so poorly informed about chimney safety that his "repairs" came close to killing the occupants of the house. See Chimney Cleaning Advice, Procedures. |
Chimney Scam Warnings - Consumer Warning Notice
Watch out for consumer fraud and scam operations that promise low-priced specials on chimney inspection, cleaning, re-lining, or repairs. Readers have informed us of a variety of common chimney rip offs involving professional criminals who combine information about new home buyers and local business names with a telephone promise of various chimney services such as chimney cleaning for $39.95. Homeowners attracted to this chimney deal may encounter scammers who arrive with a ladder, take a superficial look at a chimney, and claim that the chimney is unsafe, needs re-lining, or other treatment.
How to Avoid the Chimney Sweep Fraud Scam
These warnings [adapted& quoting from] from the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection can help consumers avoid getting scammed by a fake chimney service company:
- To find a reputable chimney sweep, ask friends for referrals, look in the business section of your telephone directory under
"Chimney Cleaning,” or
visit the Chimney Safety Institute of America web site at www.csia.org.
You can also visit the site for the National Chimney Sweep Guild (NCSG) at www.ncsg.org.
Many sweeps apply for certification by CSIA or membership in the NCSG. These organizations promote professionalism in the industry by testing applicants and offering continuing education opportunities to keep members up to date on changing technology and fire safety. Watch out: NEVER hire a chimney sweep who shows up at your door uninvited. There are many home improvement scams that commonly take advantage of unsuspecting homeowners; fly-by-night chimney sweep scams is one of the most prevalent. Be aware of telemarketing offers where someone offers you a very, very low price to come and clean your chimney. If someone is trying to get in at a very low price or is calling you out of the blue, they may just want to get their foot in the door, because they're really looking to do some type of repair work. Some scammers provide photos they claim are from inside or outside your chimney, as evidence to convince you that your chimney needs repair.
You have to be sure the photos are actually from your house. So any pictures that are provided to justify getting work done should include something in the photo or in the background that identifies it as your home. Some scam artists show debris from a chimney as an indicator of something that's broken. If the company claims that this debris shows that your liner is broken or collapsed that you need a new liner system, get a second opinion, or have them show you where it is broken.Be aware of attempts to frighten you. If you get the feeling that a salesperson or sweeper is using terms like carbon monoxide poisoning or house fire in a way that feels alarming, you should get another opinion. This could very well be a hard sell tactic.
- If you are being pushed to make an immediate decision, then make the decision to look for someone else.
More Tips to Avoid Home Repair Scams
New York State Consumer Protection Board provides this general advice to avoid consumer home repair scams:
- Protect your privacy – Never give out personal information
over the telephone, especially your Social Security number.
Do not disclose financial information to anyone outside of a
trusted circle of family members and advisors. Always ask for identification - Never let strangers into your
home, and always check identification of any service person
you have contacted before allowing them to enter your home.Report suspicious solicitations to the police. Limit the amount of cash you keep on hand or at your home. Do not allow anyone to take you to withdraw money from your
bank to pay for their services. Carefully review all contracts before you sign. Also, review
all bank and credit card statements, stock reports and
investment prospectuses. Double check sales receipts to make
sure you were not over charged. Ask questions - Never be afraid to consult a trusted friend, a
financial advisor/lawyer or family member for assistance,
especially when making purchases of more than $100 or
signing contracts. Contact the Better Business Bureau and/or
the New York State Consumer Protection Board with any
questions or concerns. Ensure that all promises be put in writing, including the
project scope, costs, payment schedule and start and
expected completion date. Review the contract carefully
as you have three days to cancel the deal. Do not pay the full amount up front. Don’t sign a certificate of completion until the work is
completed to your satisfaction.Be wary of contractors who offer high cost loans in
combination with construction services.
- Keep all paperwork.
For further information, obtain a copy of Home Improvements
Without Headaches [PDF download] or obtain a copy directly from the New York State Consumer
Protection Board.
Recent Chimney Sweep or Repair Fraud Cases
Quoting from the Daily Freeman, a New York newspaper article published 11 December 2010
Police Chief Phil Mattracion said Friday that the con artists, who identify themselves as being with All Purpose Chimney Care Inc., approach homeowners and tell them that their oil company has demanded they get their chimneys cleaned.
So far, Mattracion said, three property owners have been approached for a cleaning. One elderly person did pay the scam artists, but the check was later stopped by her son, Mattracion said.
Mattracion said police suspect the same scam was played out in October in Darien, Connecticut.
Mattracion said residents should not even discuss the matter with the con artists and call police immediately at (845) 647-4422.
Quoting from the DarienPatch, a Connecticut newspaper article published 29 January 2010
Following the arrests of two scam artists, the Darien Police and State Department of Consumer Protection urge residents to take necessary precautions when investing in home repairs.
... Clifford E. Kearns of Sheldon, NY and 26-year old John R. Rastrellie of Stuart Fl.—were arrested on Wednesday afternoon following a sting operation in which the two men tried to scam a 79-year-old Darien woman of $13,000 of unnecessary chimney repairs.
Chimney Fraud & Scam References
- Chimney Safety Institute of America web site at www.csia.org - this is a recommended resourceNational Chimney Sweep Guild (NCSG) at www.ncsg.org - this is a recommended resourceGreat Deals, BIg Scams, New York State Consumer Protection Board, Advocating for and Empowering NY Consumers
1-800-697-1220, www.nysconsumer.gov . Web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://www.consumer.state.ny.us/pdf/protecting/scam_
prevention/great_deals_big_scams.pdfHome Improvements
Without Headaches, New York State Consumer Protection Board, 2007, this document includes telephone numbers for local consumer protection offices in various New York counties or municipalities. Web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://www.consumer.state.ny.us/pdf/educating
/home_ownership/home_improvment_brochure.pdfBeware of Chimney Scams, Jim Gillam, Jay Hensley, The Chimney Sweep News, March 2008, Jim Gillam Editor/Publisher, 541-882-5196, Web search 02/11/2011, source: http://www.labrossebrothers.com/Beware%20of%20Chimney%20Scams%200308.pdfAvoid Chimney Repair Fraud, published by the Connecticut Department of Consumer Protection, Department of
Consumer Protection, 165 Capitol Avenue, Hartford CT 06106, Tel: 800-842-2649, 860) 713-7240 TDD, (860) 713-7243 Fax. Web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://www.ct.gov/dcp/cwp/view.asp?a=1629&q=423240Ellenville [NY] Police Chief Warns of Scam, publisher: Daily Freeman, web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://www.dailyfreeman.com/articles/2010/12/11/blotter/doc4d02e5becb659271691535.txt Don't Get Burned: Police Warn of Chimney Scams, Cecelia Smith, Darien Patch, web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://darien.patch.com/articles/chimney-scam-arrests
- Chimney Repair and Cleaning Scams, The truth about chimney repair and cleaning: Internet Scambusters #151, Internet Scambusters, 197 New Market Center #115, Boone NC 815-642-0460 Scambusters.org. Web search 02/11/2011, original source: http://www.scambusters.org/chimneyrepair.html
Watch out: These articles continue with other chimney defects that can be found by visual inspection from outdoors at ground level, then from an on-roof inspection, followed by indoor inspections and ending with chimney-flue interior inspections. As with all building inspection, diagnosis, and safety topics, this material may be incomplete. Contact Us by email to suggest content additions or corrections.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) Questions & answers about chimney inspections, chimney troubleshooting & chimney repairs
Question: how do we measure the draft at a chimney?
How are chimney draft inspected. - Louie
Reply: we use a draft gauge, instruments ranging from simple and inexpensive to more sophisticated; measuring draft vs "inspecting" chimney draft - how to measure Chimney Draft
We use a draft gauge - a sensitive instrument that compares relative pressures at two locations - such as in the room and in the chimney.We can actually measure the draft in a chimney using a draft gauge - heating service technicians have this equipment. Draft can be measured at just about any chimney, but is discussed in detail where we explain the draft regulators used on heating equipment - see DRAFT MEASUREMENT, CHIMNEYS & FLUES.
It makes sense to also perform a visual inspection of a chimney for draft problem sources such as an open or missing cleanout door, missing or improper chimney cap, or damage and leaks in the chimney itself.
"Inspecting Chimney Draft"
Because chimney draft is a number, we can't actually "see" draft. But an experienced home inspector, heating service technician, or chimney installer may indeed spot serious, even dangerous trouble, including chimney draft problems just "by eye" when inspecting heating equipment, fireplaces, building roofs, and chimneys themselves.That's because lots of serious chimney defects that involve chimney draft can be caused by visible building conditions - such as a heating appliance installed in a tiny closet with no combustion air supply and an airtight door to that room, or a visibly cracked or damaged chimney, or a missing chimney cleanout door, leaving the chimney bottom open.Other chimney draft problems might be "inspected" or I should say inferred by visual clues that telltale heating equipment operating trouble often traced to inadequate or even excessive draft - such as chronically sooty oil burner operation or an oil burner that keeps burning off the front of the appliance.
Question: What and where are the soffit, fascia board and are they parts of a chimney? What is a "corible"
where is the "soffit" and "fascia board" on a chimney? I was told they need caulked. And what is a "corible". I was told it needs sealed. Thanks. - Rick
Reply: soffit and fascia are roof edge trim components. Corbelling is stair-stepping in brick work, often used to angle a chimney over to a desired location.
 Rick, you got me on that question. Soffits on building exteriors are the enclosed lower portion of the roof overhang or roof edge, also called "eaves".The fascia board (green arrow in our sketch at left) is a vertical board running parallel to the roof edge on the outer edge of the soffit - usually it's covered by the roof edge gutters.
A soffit is a general term for a boxed-in overhang and might appear indoors in a kitchen over cabinets. In our roof sketch (left) the soffit is pointed to by our red arrow. The sketch at left is provided courtesy Steven Bliss & J Wiley & Sons [4]
A chimney doesn't have a soffit nor fascia, though a chimney built up along an outside house wall might indeed come into contact with or even penetrate a soffit and fascia along one of the roof edges.
But if your chimney runs up the outside wall of your home where it intersects with a lower roof edge, the soffit might be "interrupted" around the roof eaves in that area - and it's a common leak point.
Sadly it sounds as if you were getting questionable advice. What prevents leaks where a chimney passes through a roof, even at the lower edge or soffit or eaves of the house, is flashing, not caulking. Caulk would be a short-lived band aid.
 Corbelling: Corible - sounds like something "horrible" and isn't a word I've heard nor been able to find in building dictionaries except perhaps used as a term for button-like decorations around a section of building, roof, or chimney trim. I suspect your contractor meant "corbelling" (photo at left, some spell corbelling) which refers to a stair-stepped or sometimes simply "slanted" chimney construction that allows the mason to angle a chimney off to one side in order to send it where the building designer or architect wanted. For example a corbelled chimney may stair step to one side in an attic in order to exit the roof right at the ridge rather than extending straight up from lower floors to a lower roof penetration location.
See our "House Parts" dictionary at HOUSE PARTS, DEFINITIONS to see a building sketch that defines different parts of the house, or see ROOF VENTILATION SPECIFICATIONS for photos & sketches of what roof soffits and fascias look like.
Your question worries me that you are not getting clear cogent advice. Maybe ask whoever told you to be more clear.
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Question: how to deal with birds invading the chimney
I have birds that built nests in the inner wall of my 3 wall liner. The inspector said the nests have pushed down the pipe and that the flue will need to be removed and cleaned and then reinstalled. He estimated it could be around $1,800! I have access to the back of my fireplace and asked if the flue can be disconnected from the fireplace and then raised enough to push the nesting down while someone pushes from the top. Has anyone ran into this or have a suggestion on how I should fix this so I can use this fireplace? Thanks Terry
Reply:
Terry I too have been absolutely stunned by recent quotes from chimney installation and repair companies. I don't have a full nor accurate picture of your chimney design and installation, but it's reasonable for you to
- not use the flue until it is repaired or replaced - a blocked flue or nests between flue or chimney walls are dangerous
- consider that a triple-wall metal chimney is probably not designed for easy cleaning of the interstitial space between the various walls, making removal, disassembly, cleaning, and replacement or reassembly and certification important for safety
Question: An orange powdery material is leaching through the flue of an old unused chimney - what is it?
I've got an orange powdery material leaching through the flue of a chimney that was seal off about 1-1/2 years ago. Any ideas as to what the substance might be? - Dan
Reply: check out efflorescence and look for a chimney leak
Dan
It sounds like efflorescence from moisture leaks. At EFFLORESCENCE, Salts & White / Brown Deposits take a look at our photos of efflorescence, a mineral salt left behind when water penetrates a masonry wall (or chimney) and evaporates. There we also discuss causes, cures, and implications of efflorescence for building care and maintenance.
Question: noises coming from inside the chimney when it's windy - like a tennis ball?
i have a strange noise coming from inside my house chimney when the wind gets strong something like a tennis ball rattling around what could it be - Steve
Reply:
Steve, I don't know, but some guesses include
- chimney mounted components like antennas (not recommended)
- a chimney top damper that has become loose
- downdrafts rattling a loose damper at chimney bottom
- a rattling barometric damper on one of the heating appliances connected to the chimney
Is the chimney in use for venting heating equipment? If so I'd get a chimney sweep out promptly to take a look, since the flue could be unsafe. If it's just for a fireplace, you might be ok doing some further detective work.Also check out our diagnostic guide to house noises at NOISE / SOUND DIAGNOSIS & CURE and be sure also to see Chimney noises and see Wind Noises
Question: Is it safe to remove asbestos chimney parts?
is it safe to remove a asbestos chimney pot, if it can be removed without touching it. ie taking the mortar from around it carefully lifting it out straight into a asbestos bag - Aharri 12/16/11
Reply:
I'm not sure I've got an exactly clear picture of what you're facing. A "chimney pot" in my parlance is a ceramic chimney top fixture that extends chimney height, can also form a cap, and is usually molded for architectural or aesthetic reasons. I've not found one of those made of asbestos. Perhaps you could send us some sharp photos (use the CONTACT link on our pages). In general, if you are referring to nonfriable material such as a transite flue section in good condition, that can be simply lifted free and bagged, that sounds reasonable to me. The ancillary fiber release outdoors one would expect to be below detection.
But beware that no one can accurately assess an asbestos hazard by a one line question. For example there may be friable asbestos materials involved that deserve greater care, and there may be more asbestos-containing-materials that need attention than just a chimney top extension (if that's what you are referring to.)
Question: water leaks through our chimney during rain
There has been a lot of rain recently and our chimney was blocked off 3yrs ago and water has started to drip down onto where I have my electricals. When the rain stopped, it stopped coming in. Could it be a damaged flue? The plaster board was soaking as if it had been happening for a while but we only noticed yesterday. - Ruth 4/30/12
Reply:
Ruth,
Leaks at a chimney can be water running down the flue interior - a missing or rusted out chimney cap could be a cause. On occasion water running down in a chimney flue can exit the chimney at a crack or defect and show up elsewhere in the house.
But leaks also occur at the chimney exterior - for example due to a leak at the roof flashing.
And water often enters an electrical panel through the service entry cable.
I suggest that you need a competent expert not only to track down the leak source but also to inspect the safety of the electrical panel.
If you like, try the EXPERTS DIRECTORY link at the top of this page - we have no business/financial connection with anyone listed there.
Question: our chimney liner is intact but not straight - the cleaner says I need to replace the liner due to backpressure.
I had my chimney inspected,the liner is in tact but it is not in straight alignment. The chimney cleaner said I need to replace the liner because it is creating back pressure. Am I being scammed? I called them because them because I had a blow back, which I believe came from a dirty nozzle - Joe B 4/6/12
Reply:
Joe I can't second guess your chimney cleaner with so little information - we and you need some clear specifics, maybe a chim-scan video of the chimney interior. A chimney does not have to be dead straight to function properly. But if you had an oil burner puffback then it's possible that the chimney was damaged. It's not something to take a chance-on. Look for a chimney sweep who is a member of a professional certifying association, ask for a complete safety inspection, and a written report of the results. Also see ChimScan: Inspecting Flues by Cameras for a discussion of chimney inspection camera systems.
Question: Definition of chimney flue. What is a chimney flue? What is a chimney flute?
Is it incorrect to say "close the flute" or is it "close the flue"? - Vanna 7/27/12
Reply: chimney flue - chimney flues vent heating appliances; flutes and even chimney "flutes" appear on pipe organs for making music
We close the chimney flue by closing the flue damper. A chimney flue (not flute) is the passage inside of a masonry chimney or inside of a metal chimney that allows smoke, heat, and gases of combustion to pass up the chimney to be vented safely above the building. At a fireplace the chimney flue begins immediately above the smoke shelf above the fireplace itself.
At a heating appliance such as an oil or gas fired heating boiler or water heater, the active chimney flue begins at the point of insertion of the flue vent connector into the chimney. |
 The flue vent connector is a metal pipe that connects the heating appliance to the chimney and chimney flue. In our photo at left our client is pointing to the (leaky) point at which a horizontal flue vent connector is inserted into the chimney flue. In our photo at left those two rectangular openings are the very top of two independent chimney flues. See Chimney Inspection: Flue Interiors for details.The term "chimney flute" does indeed occur and is used [correctly] to refer to certain German translations for pipe organ parts, and for pipe organ parts. In documents describing the pipe organ - by which we refer to the musical instrument with a keyboard and air-driven sounding pipes that play various notes and chords - the term "flue pipe", "flute pipe", labial pipe, and also chimney flute all appear. In pipe organs, the "flutes" or "flute pipes" are the widest, elemental or low note producing pipes on the instrument. [24]
Watch out: However, perhaps from German or Old English, and also occasionally among people who are careless with language, we find articles written about heating appliance chimneys and flues that refer to the chimney "flute". Baloney. If you come across a purportedly technical article about heating appliance chimneys that does not know the proper name for building parts, I'd be careful about trusting the advice offered there. |
Question: smoke problems from a neighbor's chimney
I am wondering if there is some law about smoke from neighbors
chimney. I have COPD and cant hardly breathe in my own home. The smoke
rolls in sometimes and it makes me very sick then I have to go pay a
doctor. Thats not fair to me. It may be costing them less but it is
costing me almost $200. a month more now. Please help me breathe. What
can I do? - J.C. 12/28/2012
Reply:
A competent onsite inspection by an expert usually finds additional clues that help accurately diagnose a problem with a chimney or venting problem. That said, here are some things to consider:
First: f your neighbor's chimney is smoking it may indicate conditions that are unsafe for those people as well, such as an unsafe or improperly-operating heating system. Therefore it makes sense to be sure to tell your neighbors about the smoke and that there are possible safety concerns (as well as unnecessary heating costs) - the system and chimney should be inspected and cleaned/adjusted if appropriate.
Second, if a chimney is improperly constructed, such as wrong height or location, it may not provide proper draft - again potential safety or heating equipment operating problems, and as well it may be in violation of local building codes.
There are building code regulations and standards for chimney and heating appliance venting and chimney construction, but I'm not aware of specific rules about smoke intrusion. Rather a chimney, properly installed an designed, should not discharge smoke where it may enter its own building nor another one nearby. By no means do I encourage an argument with a neighbor, but if your neighbor is simply uncooperative, you may be forced to ask your local building inspector to take a look and to advise both you and the property owners if there are unsafe or improper conditions.
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Questions & answers or comments about all aspects of residential chimneys: chimney types, installation, inspection, problem diagnosis, repair or replacement or re-lining, chimney safety & fire or flue gas or carbon monoxide hazards from unsafe chimneys, flues, vents, or flue vent connectors.
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
- [1] Thanks to Mark Cramer, Tampa Florida, for assistance in technical review of the "Critical Defects"
section and for the photograph of the deteriorating gray Owens Corning flex duct in a hot attic. Mr. Cramer is a Florida home inspector and
home inspection educator.
 Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 info@carsondunlop.com. The firm provides professional home inspection services & home inspection education & publications. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors. Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The Home Reference Book & illustrations from The Illustrated Home. Carson Dunlop Associates' provides:
- Commercial Building Inspection Courses - protocol ASTM Standard E 2018-08 for Property Condition AssessmentsHome Inspection Education Courses including home study & live classes at eleven colleges & universities.Home Inspection Education Home Study Courses - ASHI@Home Training 10-course program.
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on these courses: Enter INSPECTAHITP in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.The Home Reference Book, a reference & inspection report product for building owners & inspectors.
Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.The Home Reference eBook, an electronic version for PCs, the iPad, iPhone, & Android smart phones.
Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter inspectaehrb in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.The Illustrated Home illustrates construction details and building components, a reference for owners & inspectors.
Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Illustrated Home purchased as a single order Enter INSPECTAILL in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
- The Horizon Software System manages business operations,scheduling, & inspection report writing using Carson Dunlop's knowledge base & color images. The Horizon system runs on always-available cloud-based software for office computers, laptops, tablets, iPad, Android, & other smartphones.
[3] A HREF="http://astore.amazon.com/inspectapedia-20?_encoding=UTF8&node=22">Fireplace & Chimney Inspection Books - Inspecting and diagnosing chimney problems, fireplace problems, chimney & fireplace standards[4] Chimney Inspection Checklist, Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, Ontario[5] Chimney & Stack Inspection Guidelines, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003 - These guidelines address the inspection of chimneys and stacks. Each guideline assists owners in determining what level of inspection is appropriate to a particular chimney and provides common criteria so that all parties involved have a clear understanding of the scope of the inspection and the end product required. Each chimney or stack is a unique structure, subject to both aggressive operating and natural environments, and degradation over time. Such degradation may be managed via a prudent inspection program followed by maintenance work on any equipment or structure determined to be in need of attention. Sample inspection report specifications, sample field inspection data forms, and an example of a developed plan of a concrete chimney are included in the guidelines. This book provides a valuable guidance tool for chimney and stack inspections and also offers a set of references for these particular inspections.[6] Fire Inspector Guidebook, (selection of fire inspector guidebooks for various building codes and U.S. states) A Correlation of Fire Safety Requirements Contained in the 1987 BOCA National Codes, (newer edition available), Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), Country Club HIlls, IL 60478 312-799-2300 4th ed. Note: this document is reissued every four years. Be sure to obtain the latest edition.[7] Principles of Home Inspection: Chimneys & Wood Heating (Principles of Home Inspection), Carson Dunlop[8] NFPA 211 - Standards for Chimneys & Fireplaces, NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2006 Edition (older editions and standards are found at the same bookstore)
- [9] NFPA #211-3.1 1988 -
Specific to chimneys, fireplaces, vents and solid fuel burning appliances.[10] NFPA # 54-7.1 1992 -
Specific to venting of equipment with fan-assisted combustion systems.
- [11] GAMA -
Gas Appliance Manufacturers' Association has prepared venting tables for
Category I draft hood equipped central furnaces as well as fan-assisted
combustion system central furnaces.
- [12] GAMA -
Gas Appliance Manufacturers' Association has prepared venting tables for
Category I draft hood equipped central furnaces as well as fan-assisted
combustion system central furnaces.
- [13] National Fuel Gas Code, an American National Standard, 4th ed. 1988 (newer edition is available) Secretariats, American Gas Association (AGA), 1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington VA22209, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Batterymarch Park, Quincy MA 02269. ANSI Z223.1-1988 - NFPA 54-1988. WARNING: be sure to check clearances and other safety guidelines in the latest edition of these standards.[14] Uniform Mechanical Code - UMC 1991, Sec 913 (a.) Masonry Chimneys,
refers to Chapters 23, 29, and 37 of the Building Code.[15] New York 1984 Uniform Fire
Prevention and Building Code, Article 10, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Requirements[16] New York 1979 Uniform Fire Prevention & Building Code, The "requirement" for 8" of solid masonry OR for use of a
flue liner was listed in the One and Two Family Dwelling Code for New
York, in 1979, in Chapter 9, Chimneys and Fireplaces, New York 1979
Building and Fire Prevention Code:[17] "Top Ten Chimney (and related) Problems Encountered by One Chimney Sweep," Hudson Valley ASHI education seminar, 3 January 2000, contributed by Bob Hansen, ASHI[18] Chimney Inspection Checklist, Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, Ontario[19] "Rooftop View Turns to Darkness," Martine Costello, Josh Kovner, New Haven Register, 12 May 1992 p. 11: Catherine Murphy was sunning on a building roof when a chimney collapsed; she fell into and was trapped inside the chimney until rescued by emergency workers.[20] "Chimneys and Vents," Mark J. Reinmiller, P.E., ASHI Technical Journal, Vol. 1 No. 2 July 1991 p. 34-38.[21] "Chimney Inspection Procedures & Codes," Donald V. Cohen was to be published in the first volume of the 1994 ASHI Technical Journal by D. Friedman, then editor/publisher of that publication. The production of the ASHI Technical Journal and future editions was cancelled by ASHI President Patrick Porzio. Some of the content of Mr. Cohen's original submission has been included in this more complete chimney inspection article: InspectAPedia.com/chimneys/chimneys.htm Copies of earlier editions of the ASHI Technical Journal are available from ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.[22] Natural Gas Weekly Update: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngw/ngupdate.asp Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government[23] US Energy Administration: Electrical Energy Costs http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html[24] Wikipedia provided background information about some topics discussed at this website provided this citation is also found in the same article along with a " retrieved on" date. NOTE: because Wikipedia entries are fluid and can be amended in real time, we cite the retrieval date of Wikipedia citations and we do not assert that the information found there is necessarily authoritative.
Flutes - organ flutes, Wikipedia entry ret rived 7/27/2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue_pipe#Flutes
- NFPA 211 - Standards for Chimneys & Fireplaces, NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2006 Edition (older editions and standards are found at the same bookstore)NFPA #211-3.1 1988 -
Specific to chimneys, fireplaces, vents and solid fuel burning appliances. NFPA # 54-7.1 1992 -
Specific to venting of equipment with fan-assisted combustion systems. GAMA -
Gas Appliance Manufacturers' Association has prepared venting tables for
Category I draft hood equipped central furnaces as well as fan-assisted
combustion system central furnaces.
- National Fuel Gas Code, an American National Standard, 4th ed. 1988 (newer edition is available) Secretariats, American Gas Association (AGA), 1515 Wilson Blvd., Arlington VA22209, and National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), Batterymarch Park, Quincy MA 02269. ANSI Z223.1-1988 - NFPA 54-1988. WARNING: be sure to check clearances and other safety guidelines in the latest edition of these standards.Fire Inspector Guidebook, A Correlation of Fire Safety Requirements Contained in the 1987 BOCA National Codes, (newer edition available), Building Officials and Code Administrators International, Inc. (BOCA), Country Club HIlls, IL 60478 312-799-2300 4th ed. Note: this document is reissued every four years. Be sure to obtain the latest edition.Uniform Mechanical Code - UMC 1991, Sec 913 (a.) Masonry Chimneys,
refers to Chapters 23, 29, and 37 of the Building Code.New York 1984 Uniform Fire
Prevention and Building Code, Article 10, Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning RequirementsNew York 1979 Uniform Fire Prevention & Building Code, The "requirement" for 8" of solid masonry OR for use of a flue liner was listed in the One and Two Family Dwelling Code for New York, in 1979, in Chapter 9, Chimneys and Fireplaces, New York 1979
Building and Fire Prevention Code:"Top Ten Chimney (and related) Problems Encountered by One Chimney Sweep," Hudson Valley ASHI education seminar, 3 January 2000, contributed by Bob Hansen, ASHI"Rooftop View Turns to Darkness," Martine Costello, Josh Kovner, New Haven Register, 12 May 1992 p. 11: Catherine Murphy was sunning on a building roof when a chimney collapsed; she fell into and was trapped inside the chimney until rescued by emergency workers."Chimney & Woodstove Safety", State of Vermont, Division of Fire Safety, Code Information Sheet, January 2007, Office of the Fire Marshal & State Fire Academy, Berlin VT Telephone: 802-479-7561 www.vtfiresafety.org"Chimneys and Vents," Mark J. Reinmiller, P.E., ASHI Technical Journal, Vol. 1 No. 2 July 1991 p. 34-38."Chimney Inspection Procedures & Codes," Donald V. Cohen was to be published in the first volume of the 1994 ASHI Technical Journal by D. Friedman, then editor/publisher of that publication. The production of the ASHI Technical Journal and future editions was cancelled by ASHI President Patrick Porzio. Some of the content of Mr. Cohen's original submission has been included in this more complete chimney inspection article: InspectAPedia.com/chimneys/chimneys.htm Copies of earlier editions of the ASHI Technical Journal are available from ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.Natural Gas Weekly Update: http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/oog/info/ngw/ngupdate.asp Official Energy Statistics from the U.S. Government"Duraliner (SDL) 6"-8" Diameter (Round & Oval) Installation Instructions" Simpson Dura-Vent Inc., PO Box 1510, Vacaville CA 95696, 800-835-4429 www.duravent.com - metal chimney installation guidelines from the manufacturer"Building Codes for Chimneys, Fireplaces, & Solid Fuel Burning Appliances": NFPA 211-16 & Mechanical Code 2006 ed. International Mechanical CodeUS Energy Administration: Electrical Energy Costs http://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.htmlFireplace & Chimney Design, Repair Books - Fireplaces, Chimneys: design, repairFireplace & Chimney Inspection Books - Inspecting and diagnosing chimney problems, fireplace problems, chimney & fireplace standardsCeramic Roofware, Hans Van Lemmen, Shire Library, 2008, ISBN-13: 978-0747805694 - Brick chimneys, chimney-pots and roof and ridge tiles have been a feature of the roofs of a wide range of buildings since the late Middle Ages. In the first instance this ceramic roofware was functional - to make the roof weatherproof and to provide an outlet for smoke - but it could also be very decorative.
The practical and ornamental aspects of ceramic roofware can still be seen throughout Britain, particularly on buildings of the Victorian and Edwardian periods. Not only do these often have ornate chimneys and roof tiles but they may also feature ornamental sculptures or highly decorative gable ends. This book charts the history of ceramic roofware from the Middle Ages to the present day, highlighting both practical and decorative applications, and giving information about manufacturers and on the styles and techniques of production and decoration.
Hans van Lemmen is an established author on the history of tiles and has lectured on the subject in Britain and elsewhere. He is founder member and presently publications editor of the British Tiles and Architectural Ceramics Society. Also available at the InspectAPedia Bookstore.Chimney Inspection Checklist, Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, OntarioChimney & Stack Inspection Guidelines, American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003 - These guidelines address the inspection of chimneys and stacks. Each guideline assists owners in determining what level of inspection is appropriate to a particular chimney and provides common criteria so that all parties involved have a clear understanding of the scope of the inspection and the end product required. Each chimney or stack is a unique structure, subject to both aggressive operating and natural environments, and degradation over time. Such degradation may be managed via a prudent inspection program followed by maintenance work on any equipment or structure determined to be in need of attention. Sample inspection report specifications, sample field inspection data forms, and an example of a developed plan of a concrete chimney are included in the guidelines. This book provides a valuable guidance tool for chimney and stack inspections and also offers a set of references for these particular inspections.Fireplaces, a Practical Design Guide, Jane GitlinFireplaces, Friend or Foe, Robert D. MayoNFPA 211 - Standards for Chimneys & Fireplaces, NFPA 211: Standard for Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents, and Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances, 2006 Edition (older editions and standards are found at the same bookstore)Principles of Home Inspection: Chimneys & Wood Heating (Principles of Home Inspection), Carson DunlopU.S. vs. Canadian Unlined Masonry Chimney Flue Requirements & Case StudyNFPA 211 - 3-1.10 - Relining guide for chimneysNFPA 211 - 3-2 - Construction of Masonry ChimneysNFPA 211 - 3-3 - Termination Height for chimneysNFPA 211 - 3-4 - Clearance from Combustible MaterialNFPA 54 - 7-1 - Venting of Equipment into chimneysBrick Institute of America - Flashing Chimneys Brick Institute of America - Proper Chimney Crowns Brick Institute of America - Moisture Resistance of BrickAmerican Gas Association - New Vent Sizing TablesChimney Safety Institute of America - Chimney Fires: Causes, Effects, Evaluation
- National Chimney Sweep Guild - Yellow Pages of Suppliers
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
 The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
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- Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
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