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HVAC Thermostat Power & Voltage
How a thermostat used for heating or cooling gets its electrical power & what voltages are provided
- POST a QUESTION or COMMENT about line voltage thermostats
Heating or cooling room thermostat voltage levels & power sources: where does a wall thermostat get its electrical power & what voltage level is usually required. While most thermostats use a 24V AC circuit, some use different voltage levels and / or 120V AC is used by line voltage thermostats.
How do we know what kind of thermostat is installed and what voltage it requires? Where do we find the thermostat's power source how do we know if it's getting power? How do we diagnose and fix a blank thermostat display?
Page top photo: a basic room thermostat showing the red and white wires being switched by the thermostat and a place where it's easy to check for voltage at those terminals.
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Source Power & Voltage Level for Room Thermostats
Most room thermostats on heating and cooling systems receive their 24V AC electrical power from a low voltage transformer that itself is usually found at the boiler or furnace (blue arrow in our photo at left).
[Click to enlarge any image]
The voltage transformer or power supply may also be supplied from a transformer located inside the heating boiler or furnace or inside its primary controller, as we show in the next photograph below.
An exception is the use of 120V "line voltage" thermostats that we discuss separately
See LINE VOLTAGE THERMOSTATS .
To find and test the thermostat's power supply provided by a low voltage transformer
See LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TEST
Here is a photo of the interior of a primary controller for a heating boiler, a Honeywell L8148E Aquastat. Details of this control are
at AQUASTAT L8148 DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
At the lower left corner of the control you can see a low voltage transformer that can power a thermostat or in some instances a circulator relay or zone valve.
Watch out: some room thermostats require a battery to operate at all.
These wall thermostats do not use power from the 24V AC thermostat wiring system and its low voltage transformer, and typically these thermostats will have larger batteries than those using battery power only for temporary backup.
To find and check the thermostat's back-up battery that prevents losing the thermostat's programming
See THERMOSTAT BACKUP BATTERIES below
At the thermostat, using a volt meter (VOLTS / AMPS MEASUREMENT EQUIP)
or digital multimeter (DMM DIGITAL MULTIMETER HOW TO USE ), you can confirm the voltage supplied to the room thermostat by checking across the appropriate pair of wires (typically red and white for a simple heating thermostat, as shown in our page top photo).
To understand which wires carry voltage to and from the thermostat (which is itself acting as a simple on-off switch on that circuit) you'll want to check the wiring instructions for your thermostat, or you can see any of these articles on thermostat wiring:
- THERMOSTAT WIRE CONNECTIONS
- THERMOSTAT WIRE TERMINAL ID CODES / FUNCTIONS
- THERMOSTAT WIRING COLOR CODES
...
Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above
Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.
Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs
On 2020-09-03 - by (mod) -
I am unsure of your wiring and controls. Lets start with as look at THERMOSTAT WIRING CONNECTIONS at https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Thermostat_Wiring_Instructions.php
On 2020-09-02 by HammoJ
We had to replace a switching relay used to power a circulator pump. It has a 24v transformer to power the 120v relay switch, and the control wire connections are T & T. The thermostat that signals for the circulator pump draws it's 24v for the control circuit from the air handler. My question is, should I connect R & Y to T & T? There is no voltage differential between R & Y when the thermostat is calling for cool. But, when it's NOT calling for cool, there are 24v present at R and I'm concerned that voltage will possibly conflict with the 24v between T & T. Help, please.
On 2020-07-08 - by (mod) -
Lyn there are some thermostats, usually in commercial applications, that have surge-protection capability such as the TPD-SLP Series from
Transient Protection Design, 4311 William Penn Highway, Mifflintown, PA 17059 USA 717-436-2856 Web: TransientProtectionDesign.com
https://transientprotectiondesign.com/assets/Data-Sheets/TPD-SLP-Series-Data-Sheet.pdf for example
but most-often surge protection is added not at the thermostat but at the electrical panel for the whole panel or for appropriate critical circuits.
On 2020-07-08 by LYN
Which Thermostat has a surge cape ability
On 2020-06-25 - by (mod) -
It might. You'll certainly know when you shut it off if there's no voltage on a thermostat wires. If you can find the Transformer that's powering the thermostat you'll see where that's mounted and follow those wires back to your panel and you'll see the circuit that's powering the Transformer and therefore that is powering the thermostat.
On 2020-06-22 by Raymond
I'm changing out a old thermostat.. Slide lever style thermostat to a digital one. Will shutting the breaker off for the a/c turn off power to the e thermostat?
On 2020-06-17 - by (mod) -
Bret
Sorry for the delayed response, I've been out of electronic, computer, and cell phone range.
If we assume for a moment that the measure was having properly done and safely done (so that you don't get shocked or killed) then you're absolutely correct that no residential property in North America would be normally receiving just 66 volts of power.
Worse, more immediate and more serious, is that the cause of that voltage drop could be unsafe service entry wiring which means that somebod could be shocked or killed.
A damaged power line Transformer, a damaged wire, a leak to ground, are examples of possible causes of trouble.
On 2020-06-11 by Bret
At the outside disconnect box (which has a single pull-out with two copper contacts) the voltage readings are on the left side (240V - 66V) and on the right (120V) when the extreme right slot is the red terminal. One source of information tells me that the reading of 66V should be 120V. What would cause this lower than expected voltage reading? I have tested the main breaker panel two-pole breaker for the AC (120V each).
On 2020-01-27 - by (mod) -
Walter
Yes you are absolutely correct, typical Heating and Cooling thermostats operate at 24 volts AC. If we said DC somewhere that was a mistake.
We do make a distinction between line voltage which is 120 V AC and the thermostat which powered voltage reduced by a Transformer to 24 V AC
On 2020-01-27 by Walter L.
Aren't typical voltage to thermostat 24VAC, not DC?
On 2018-02-12 - by (mod) -
Nick
That thermostat wire amp capacity I cited was for copper wire, soft-annealed, nick-free.
On 2018-02-12 - by (mod) -
Nick
Amps ratings of typical heating & cooling thermostats:
Typical residential room thermostats run at 24VAC. The typical circuit amperage is visible as the range of heat exchanger adjustment (for those thermostats that have that feature) discussed at HEAT ANTICIPATOR ADJUSTMENT - https://inspectapedia.com/heat/Heat_Anticipator_Adustment.php
There you'll see the table I'll paste-in below
Typical amps ranges from about 0.3 Amps to 1.2 Amps
Here's another data point. The typical #18 AWG wire used for thermostat wiring is expected to handle a maximum of 2.3A (for power transmission).
Thermostats for electric heaters run at 120VAC and have to handle the ampacity of the heating circuit.
Typically I see amperage ratings for these line voltage devices ranging from about 10.5A up to about 22A.
For example a Broan 120VAC - 240VAC Model 87W line voltage thermostat handles 15 amps.
The Honeywell RLV3150A1004 can handle up to 3000Watts at 240VAC. thats about 12.5 Amps.
IMAGE LOST by older version of Clark Van Oyen’s useful Comments code - now fixed. Sorry. Mod.
On 2018-02-12 by Nick
How much amperage can a typical thermostat handle?
On 2017-12-30 - by (mod) -
Yes Bob I don't see any reason that you couldn't provide a separate 24volt power supply to the nest thermostat. Typically the heating wires from the thermostat are acting as a low voltage switch that is either on or off. So those should be separate wires. If you call Nest I'm sure that they would enjoy telling you how to provide a power circuit to a thermostat that's lacking one. Since that's certainly not an uncommon problem.
On 2017-12-28 by Bob
I have a 5th wheel trailer with a Duo-Therm thermostat. I bought a Nest WiFi thermostat and thought it would be awesome to be able to turn on the heat before we get there. All the color coated wires were hooked to the correct places listed on the Nest thermostat, but nothing worked not even the display. I called Nest and they told me they only make WiFi thermostats for systems using 24v and the system I was connecting to is only 12v . My question here is can I run a separate wall mounted or such transformer to power this 24v Wifi thermostat? And if so Where would the two wires go from the transformer? Blue is the common so would I un hook the Blue that is common from the furnace, add the Hot side (24v) to blue and then the second wire would go where? Or am I all wrong about this? I know nothing about furnaces but from what I am reading in a lot of these blogs, it seems the transformer is a separate device and is to run the thermostat and the the thermostat (wired correctly will run the furnace?
On 2016-10-19 by Luke
My 1995 condo unit has hot water baseboard heating. The thermostat in my unit needs replacement. Inside the wall is an electrical box, but with only two fairly thin copper wires (one black, one white) in what looks like telephone wiring cover.
What category of thermostat can I use to replace the old one?
Thank you for any advice! 2016 10
On 2016-03-23 - by (mod) -
Miriam:
Usually the low voltage transformer is either right inside the boiler or one of its control panels OR you'll find a separate low-voltage transformer mounted
- on an electrical box near the boiler
- more rarely (except for doorbells and other applications) sometimes at the side of the main electrical panel
On 2016-03-23 by Miriam
Hello. Where would the low voltage transformer be located on a main 30 HE combi boiler please?
On 2020-07-08 1 - by (mod) - which thermostats include surge protection?
Lyn there are some thermostats, usually in commercial applications, that have surge-protection capability such as the TPD-SLP Series from
- Transient Protection Design, 4311 William Penn Highway, Mifflintown, PA 17059 USA 717-436-2856 Web: TransientProtectionDesign.com provides this
TLP SURGE & LIGHTNING PROTECTION DEVICE SPECIFICATIONS [PDF] retrieved (anew) 2020/07/14 original source:
https://transientprotectiondesign.com/assets/Data-Sheets/TPD-SLP-Series-Data-Sheet.pdf for example
but most-often surge protection is added not at the thermostat but at the electrical panel for the whole panel or for appropriate critical circuits.
On 2020-07-08 by LYN
Which Thermostat has a surge capability
On 2020-06-25 by (mod) - Will shutting the breaker off for the a/c turn off power to the thermostat?
It might. You'll certainly know when you shut it off if there's no voltage on a thermostat wires.
If you can find the Transformer that's powering the thermostat you'll see where that's mounted and follow those wires back to your panel and you'll see the circuit that's powering the Transformer and therefore that is powering the thermostat.
On 2020-06-22 by Raymond
I'm changing out a old thermostat.. Slide lever style thermostat to a digital one. Will shutting the breaker off for the a/c turn off power to the e thermostat?
On 2020-06-17 - by (mod) - What would cause this lower than expected voltage reading?
Bret
Sorry for the delayed response, I've been out of electronic, computer, and cell phone range.
If we assume for a moment that the measure was having properly done and safely done (so that you don't get shocked or killed) then you're absolutely correct that no residential property in North America would be normally receiving just 66 volts of power.
Worse, more immediate and more serious, is that the cause of that voltage drop could be unsafe service entry wiring which means that somebod could be shocked or killed.
A damaged power line Transformer, a damaged wire, a leak to ground, are examples of possible causes of trouble.
On 2020-06-11 1 by Bret
At the outside disconnect box (which has a single pull-out with two copper contacts) the voltage readings are on the left side (240V - 66V) and on the right (120V) when the extreme right slot is the red terminal. One source of information tells me that the reading of 66V should be 120V.
What would cause this lower than expected voltage reading? I have tested the main breaker panel two-pole breaker for the AC (120V each).
On 2020-01-27 - by (mod) - typical voltage to thermostat 24VAC, not DC?
Walter
Yes you are absolutely correct, typical Heating and Cooling thermostats operate at 24 volts AC. If we said DC somewhere that was a mistake.
We do make a distinction between line voltage which is 120 V AC and the thermostat which powered voltage reduced by a Transformer to 24 V AC.
"Line voltage" thermostats used, for example on some electric baseboard heat systems will operate at 120VAC or 240VAC while
typical "low-voltage" room thermostats controlling air, hydronic, or steam heating systems are usually 24VAC.
On 2020-01-27 by Walter L.
Aren't typical voltage to thermostat 24VAC, not DC?
On 2018-02-12 - by (mod) - Amps ratings of typical heating & cooling thermostats:
Nick
Amps ratings of typical heating & cooling thermostats:
Typical residential room thermostats run at 24VAC. The typical circuit amperage is visible as the range of heat exchanger adjustment (for those thermostats that have that feature) discussed
at HEAT ANTICIPATOR ADJUSTMENT
There you'll see the table I'll paste-in below
Typical amps ranges from about 0.3 Amps to 1.2 Amps
Here's another data point. The typical #18 AWG wire used for thermostat wiring is expected to handle a maximum of 2.3A (for power transmission).
Thermostats for electric heaters run at 120VAC and have to handle the ampacity of the heating circuit.
Typically I see amperage ratings for these line voltage devices ranging from about 10.5A up to about 22A.
F
or example a Broan 120VAC - 240VAC Model 87W line voltage thermostat handles 15 amps.
The Honeywell RLV3150A1004 can handle up to 3000Watts at 240VAC. thats about 12.5 Amps.
Nick
That thermostat wire amp capacity I cited was for copper wire, soft-annealed, nick-free.
On 2018-02-12 by Nick
How much amperage can a typical thermostat handle?
On 2017-12-30 - by (mod) - 5th wheel trailer with a Duo-Therm thermostat.
Yes Bob I don't see any reason that you couldn't provide a separate 24volt power supply to the nest thermostat. Typically the heating wires from the thermostat are acting as a low voltage switch that is either on or off. So those should be separate wires.
If you call Nest I'm sure that they would enjoy telling you how to provide a power circuit to a thermostat that's lacking one. Since that's certainly not an uncommon problem.
On 2017-12-28 by Bob
I have a 5th wheel trailer with a Duo-Therm thermostat. I bought a Nest WiFi thermostat and thought it would be awesome to be able to turn on the heat before we get there.
All the color coated wires were hooked to the correct places listed on the Nest thermostat, but nothing worked not even the display. I called Nest and they told me they only make WiFi thermostats for systems using 24v and the system I was connecting to is only 12v .
My question here is can I run a separate wall mounted or such transformer to power this 24v Wifi thermostat? And if so Where would the two wires go from the transformer? Blue is the common so would I un hook the Blue that is common from the furnace, add the Hot side (24v) to blue and then the second wire would go where?
Or am I all wrong about this? I know nothing about furnaces but from what I am reading in a lot of these blogs, it seems the transformer is a separate device and is to run the thermostat and the the thermostat (wired correctly will run the furnace?
On 2016-10-19 by Luke
My 1995 condo unit has hot water baseboard heating. The thermostat in my unit needs replacement. Inside the wall is an electrical box, but with only two fairly thin copper wires (one black, one white) in what looks like telephone wiring cover.
What category of thermostat can I use to replace the old one?
Thank you for any advice! 2016 10
On 2016-03-23 - by (mod) - Where would the low voltage transformer be located
Miriam:
Usually the low voltage transformer is either right inside the boiler or one of its control panels OR you'll find a separate low-voltage transformer mounted
- on an electrical box near the boiler
- more rarely (except for doorbells and other applications) sometimes at the side of the main electrical panel
On 2016-03-23 by Miriam
Hello. Where would the low voltage transformer be located on a main 30 HE combi boiler please?
Question: Control Voltage for Thermostats
I've read several pages of these troubleshooting tips and none of them refer to "control voltage" .I have found this to be the problem in more than one HVAC unit that I had to work on . FYI folks . - Charlie G 7/7/11
Reply:
Charlie G:
It would be great if you'd expand your comment and explanation about control voltage - it would surely help other readers. Working together and exchanging information makes us better informed than any individual can be working alone.
I'm not sure how you are using the term "control voltage" but I guess you refer to the voltage provided to the thermostat circuit by the low voltge transformer, usually 24V, though some systems use 14V or other voltage levels.
Question: contactor in my AC condenser won't get the 24-volts it needs
I have a unit don't star the condensing unit the blower in the air handler work good but the contactor in the condensing unit does not get the 24V, I check the contactor with the tester an work good I check the transformer in the air handler and is good, thermostat is in cool mode and set up at 60F. room temp. is 87F Do you thinks is the thermostat? - Angel, 5/29/12
Reply:
Angel, I'm not sure from just the info in your question, but I have this suggestion: it's easy to find out if the thermostat is the problem since that device is basically an "on-off" switch. Just take the thermostat out of the loop by disconnecting it and then jumping the two TT terminals.
Also see our article LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TEST
Reader followup:
I have the thermostat in cool mode and on 55F.
room tem is 87F
The blower come on or is working.
the condensing unit or outdo side unit don't star.
I check the contactor with volt meter is is good.
I check the low volts transformer and is good in the Air handler.
but low voltage don't go true to the contactor to the contactor can be energy.
Do you thing is the thermostat? - Angel
Reply:
No Angel, if the thermostat calls for cooling and the air handler blower operates, but the outside compressor/condenser unit does not start, the problem lies in the compressor/condenser unit and its controls and relays, not in the thermostat.
Question: Our digital thermostat is blank - what causes the thermostat LCD screen to go blank and refuse to respond when I press thermostat keys or controls?
When we came home from the store the digital thermostat was blank. We tried to take off the face of the thermostat to look for a battery as we were doing that the thermostat kicked on. Problem was it started to blow hot air. We went back to the thermostat and when we fiddled with it it went off but then came back on this time it blew cold air. Everything fine right?
Not so fast. In the middle of the night I woke up drenched with sweat. For some reason the AC started blowing hot air. I simply touched the thermostat and it went blank. I haven't touched it since.
Help..its hot and we have three kids. - Pearl in Annapolis
Reply: things to check if the LCD display on the room thermostat is blank or does not respond to touch
Pearl:
First make sure that your thermostat has power.
When the display on a digital thermostat goes blank that means that power has been lost to the unit. Power for a digital TT comes from one or at most two sources:
The low-voltage transformer mounted somewhere, often near the electrical panel or near the heating or cooling equipment supplies normal power to the thermostat; if one of those wires is disconnected, the transformer burned up, or power to the equipment where the transformer is mounted is turned off, the thermostat will go blank
Some thermostats also use a backup battery to remember settings when someone has turned off power or there has been a power outage. If the batteries are dead that'd be a second reason for a blank display. This is a less serious concern, as thermostats have a fall-back default program that will get things running after a power outage - which takes us back to reason #1 - power is off to the thermostat.
Next, check the thermostat setting mode and physical switches. Trane gives this advice if the display on their TCONT800 series Touch Screen programmable thermostat (illustrated at above left) is blank or not responding to touch:
Check to determine if the screen is in the Locked or Clean mode. See Screen Locked or Cleaning Comfort Control Screen sections.[21]
For example on this particular thermostat, a screen lockout function is provided under user setup number 0670:
0 All keys are available. Screen is unlocked.
1 Screen is partially locked. All key functions are locked except the Temperature Up and Down
keys and the Cancel key. Enter Advanced Setup to unlock the screen.
2 Screen is fully locked. Enter Advanced Settings to unlock the screen.
If the display is not entirely blank, but does not respond to touch, check the thermostat's Advanced Settings to see if the device was put into locked mode.
Question: thermostat can't be adjusted and the digital display just shows a blank space
My digital thermostat only shows a minimal temp (61) and can not adjust to desired temp, only a blank space. Nothing happens when I place unit on cool or heat and depress the related buttons. The furnace fan will run in the "on" position, but can not make any other adjustments. The thermostat will not respond. Any idea? - William Shassere, 5/29/12
Reply:
William, it sounds as if the thermostat has lost a connection to the heating system or is defective. Some thermostats that incorporate a battery intended as backup to preserve the thermostat settings will show some data in their display when under battery power, even if their connection to the heating or cooling system has been lost or is "off".
First see that your heating and cooling equipment all has power and all components are switched on.
Then check the thermostat again to see if its display changes.
If not check the thermostat wires for voltage and if not found, check for a broken wire, lost connection, or a failed low voltage transformer that powers the thermostat.
You can also try turning its power source (usually the heating or A/C system) off for 15 minutes then back on.
Question: Bonnair evaporative cooler went blank
My Bonnaire ducted evaporative air con controller went blank; there's power to the unit and no breakers were tripped. Any suggestions? - Mike 12/23/12
Reply:
Mike:
check for a broken or disconnected low voltage wire between the low voltage transformer and the thermostat. Also check the transformer itself. See our recommended reading links below.
Backup Batteries & Default Programs for Digital Room Thermostats
Blank thermostat display problems: The discussion of batteries required for room thermostats used for heating or cooling has been moved to THERMOSTAT BACKUP BATTERIES
...
Continue reading at LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TEST or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX.
Or see these
Recommended Articles
- FAN COIL & FAN CONVECTOR HEATERS & HYDRONIC COILS - use line voltage thermostats
- THERMOSTAT BACKUP BATTERIES
- LINE VOLTAGE THERMOSTATS - wiring instructions, diagrams, manuals for line voltage thermostats
- LOW VOLTAGE BUILDING WIRING
- LOW VOLTAGE WIRING SYSTEM COMPONENTS
- LOW VOLTAGE LIGHTING & CONTROL RELAYS
- LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMERS, TRANSVERTERS, CONVERTERS
- LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER, TRANSVERTER DIAGNOSIS
- LOW VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER TEST
- MANUALS for HEATING & A/C SYSTEM CONTROLS
- THERMOSTAT POWER & VOLTAGE
- THERMOSTAT WIRE CONNECTIONS - wiring instructions for low voltage thermostats
Suggested citation for this web page
THERMOSTAT POWER & VOLTAGE at InspectApedia.com - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice.
Or see this
INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES: ARTICLE INDEX to HVAC THERMOSTATS
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Citations & References
In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
- [1] Proliphix Corporate Headquarters [Website: proliphix.com] , 3 LAN Drive Suite #100, Westford, MA 01886 Phone: +1.978.692.3375 Toll Free (U.S.): 866-IP-LIVING (866.475.4846) Fax: +1.978.692.3378 - Sales: sales@proliphix.com Marketing: marketing@proliphix.com Customer support: support@proliphix.com http://www.proliphix.com/ - quoting from the company's website:
All Proliphix Network Thermostats come with our free Uniphy Remote Management Service. This unique offering lets you monitor and control your HVAC systems by simply pointing your Browser to our secure Proliphix Web Site. Enjoy the convenience of programming a thermostat from any location, using a simple graphical interface. No computer equipment or software is required. And since Proliphix takes care of the network configuration for you, you’ll be up and running in no time. We’ll even proactively monitor your thermostats and send you an immediate email or SMS message when an HVAC problem is detected. - [2] "The Nest Learning Thermostat", Nest Thermostat, 900 Hansen Way Palo Alto, CA 94304, Tel: 855-4MY-NEST, Email: info@nest.com, website http://www.nest.com/, retrieved 1/24/2013.
- [3] Honeywell Controls, the company wants you to use their contact form at this web page: http://www51.honeywell.com/honeywell/contact-support/contact-us.html
Honeywell Consumer Products, 39 Old Ridgebury Road Danbury, CT 06810-5110 - (203) 830-7800
World Headquarters, Honeywell International Inc., 101 Columbia Road, Morristown, NJ 07962, Phone: (973) 455-2000, Fax: (973) 455-4807 1-800-328-5111 - [4] Honeywell Corporation, Honeywell T451A, T651A, T694A,B,D,F Light Duty Line Voltage Thermostats, [installation, troubleshooting manual], 1992, Honeywell Consumer Products,
39 Old Ridgebury Road Danbury, CT 06810-5110 - (203) 830-7800 copy on file as Honeywell_Line_Voltage_T651A.pdf
World Headquarters, Honeywell International Inc., 101 Columbia Road, Morristown, NJ 07962, Phone: (973) 455-2000, Fax: (973) 455-4807 1-800-328-5111 copy on file as Honeywell_Line_Voltage_T651A.pdf
"T451, T651, T694 Thermostats provide on-off control of valves, fans, motors, contactors, electric heat elements, duct furnaces and fan coil units in heating/cooling systems. Switching sub-bases provide manual control of heating, cooling and fan." - [5] Honeywell Corporation, "Honeywell Thermostats", website http://www.honeywell-thermostat.com/line-voltage.html retrieved 3/16/13
- [6] Honeywell EConnect™ Wireless Thermostat Kit TL9160AR System Installation Guide, retrieved 3/15/13, copy on file as Honeywell_EConnect69-2474EFS.pdf
- [7] Trane, Ingersoll Rasnd Residential Solutions, Trane PO Box 9010, Tyler TX 75711, Website www.trane.com
- [8-10 pending]
- [11] White Rodgers Thermostats and HVAC controls,
Homeowner information: http://www.emersonclimate.com/en-US/brands/white_rodgers/Pages/wr-homeowner-info.aspx
Contractor information: http://www.emersonclimate.com/en-US/brands/white_rodgers/wr_contractor_info/Pages/white-rodgers-contractor-info.aspx
White Rodgers Product Catalog (don't misspell the company's name as White Rogers Thermostats) -
http://www.emersonclimate.com/Documents/thermostats.pdf - Thermostat Catalog - [12] Domestic Central Heating Wiring Systems and Controls, 2d Ed., Raymond Ward, Newnes, ISBN-10: 0750664363, ISBN-13: 978-0750664363, Quoting from Amazon.com:
This unique A-Z guide to central heating wiring systems provides a comprehensive reference manual for hundreds of items of heating and control equipment, making it an indispensable handbook for electricians and installers across the country. The book provides comprehensive coverage of wiring and technical specifications, and now includes increased coverage of combination boilers, recently developed control features and SEDBUK (Seasonal Efficiency of Domestic Boilers in the UK) boilers ratings, where known.
In addition to providing concise details of nearly 500 different boilers fuelled by electric, gas, oil and solid fuel, and over 400 programmers and time switches, this invaluable resource also features numerous easy-to-understand wiring diagrams with notes on all definitive systems. Brief component descriptions are provided, along with updated contact and website details for most major manufacturers. - [13] "Automatic Oil Burner Controls - Thermostats", Domestic and Commercial Oil Burners, 3rd Ed., Charles H. Burkhardt, McGraw Hill, 1969 (and later editions), ASIN B0000EG4Y8
- [14] Hunter Fan 2500 Frisco Ave. Memphis, TN 38114 888-830-1326 www.hunterfan.com
- [15] Trane TCONT800 Series Touch Screen Programmable Comfort Control Ownes Guide, American Standard, Inc., Troup Highway, Tyler TX 75711, January 2005, Telephone: Customer Service: 1-877-3381, website: www.trane.com
- [16] Boilers, Boiler Conversions, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23389-4 (v. 1) Volume II, Oil, Gas, and Coal Burners, Controls, Ducts, Piping, Valves, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23390-7 (v. 2) Volume III, Radiant Heating, Water Heaters, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Heat Pumps, Air Cleaners, James E. Brumbaugh, ISBN 0-672-23383-5 (v. 3) or ISBN 0-672-23380-0 (set) Special Sales Director, Macmillan Publishing Co., 866 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022. Macmillan Publishing Co., NY
- Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
- In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
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- Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes and to use illustrations from The ILLUSTRATED HOME .
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