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Multiple layers of wallpaper on an old plaster wall (C) Daniel FriedmanAsbestos Content in Plaster

Older Plaster or "Rock-Lath" walls/ceilings may contain asbestos
Plaster dust itself is a health hazard

Does plaster contain asbestos?

This article explains where & when asbestos is likely to be found in plaster used on building walls & ceilings.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

- Daniel Friedman, Publisher/Editor/Author - See WHO ARE WE?

Chrysotile Asbestos content in Some (not all) Plaster

Plaster lines confirm that this is a wood-lath installation (C) Daniel FriedmanModern plaster products and modern drywall and taping compound do not contain asbestos. However that was not always the case, as we detail here.

Asbestos in Plaster and stucco, sometimes includes chrysotile asbestos in two forms: as a deliberate additive in fire-resistant plaster, in specialty plaster products such as casts or decorative moldings, and on occasion as an inadvertent contaminant.

Some plaster products may also contain tremolite (a form of amphibole asbestos) as an inadvertent contaminant from asbestos mining of chrysotile, and also they may include vermiculite that, depending on where it was mined, also contains asbestos (Libby).

Because plaster was added to various wallboard products and drywall to improve its water resistance or fire resistance, in turn that means that additional drywall products manufactured between 1920 and 1978 or later may also contain both chrysotile and tremolite asbestos.

Asbestos was used as an ingredient in some plaster applications.

Asbestos was used in decorative plaster cornices, trim, ceiling medallions

Asbestos was used also in acoustical plaster both as a direct asbestos additive and as an asbestos contaminant in plasters to which vermiculite or "Zonolite" were added to produce a light-weight plaster having good acoustical properties.

Asbestos was used in plaster designed to have a high resistance to fire.

Asbestos was used in plaster additives to gypsum board or "drywall" products to improve its moisture resistance (such as bath tile backer board) and to meet gypsum board fire resistance standards such as ASTM C630/C630M-03e1 Standard Specification for Water-Resistant Gypsum Backing Board (Withdrawn 2005 and replaced by ASTM C1396/C1396M)

See ASBESTOS in DRYWALL

Asbestos Confirmed in Rock-Lath Plaster Installation

Thanks to InspectApedia.com reader TD for providing this photo and asbestos test lab result that confirmed finding asbestos in this plaster sample.

Chrysotile asbestos found in this plaster sample (C) InspectApedia.com TD

Notice that according to the lab report, this plaster wall is comprised of the following layers:

Chrysotile asbestos found in this plaster sample (C) InspectApedia.com TD

  1. Rock lath - a plasterboard or gypsum board nailed to the wood framed wall to serve as a plaster base
  2. A brown coat or rough coat of plaster.

    The lab report refers to "Grey plaster" wherein it found 1-5% chrysotile asbestos. That layer is not apparent in the photo.

    We think this material is meant to refer to what we've labeled the rough-coat or brown coat.
  3. A top or white finish coat of smooth plaster.

Asbestos in plaster casts

Asbestos was used in other plaster cast applications as well, such as

And even in plaster casts used to make shoe moldings

 

Companies whose plaster products contained asbestos

Arranged alphabetically:

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Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above

Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs

On 2023-12-06 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia DF, SDC stands for social day care. My sole worry was just that would it left any asbestos in the building after the renovation

it was not constructed two years ago it was built in 1931 but was fully renovated into a social adult daycare two years ago. a social day care is center that provide entertainment and socislization for elders

On 2023-12-06 by InspectApedia DF (mod) - on site thorough inspection needed to answer renovation questions

@Anonymous,

Sorry as we'd like to help but I don't know what SDC is.

But for a building constructed in the U.S. two years ago, I'm at a loss as to why we'd be worried about the use of friable asbestos at all.

If you want to know what local regulations apply, the best step for you would be to do a simple web search on "Asbestos Regulations for XXX" where you name your city and then look at what your local laws require for your building type.

I have warned several times that in my OPINION all of this is way too speculative to be reliable without an onsite expert who can see the building, review its materials of construction, review any inspection reports or documents, and then advise you. Else this is too much arm-waving to continue.

On 2023-12-06 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, so there is such law that inspection to make sure the area that employee works has no hardzous material in place like SDC? Just want to know if there are such regulations. The place was renocated and open like 2 years ago. quite new

On 2023-12-06 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

Not quite right even though perhaps reasonable.

I'll try one last time to make this clear.

While we may have laws and codes and inspections for hazardous materials and conditions in building, it is, in my five decades of experience, not possible nor reasonable nor safe to assume anything absolute about an arbitrary building for which we have not a shred of information.

So we might think and hope that inspections have been properly conducted and that no hazards remain in a building but simply by texting about it we absolutely cannot reach any absolute conclusion.

Doing so is so speculative and generic as to in my view not be as useful as we might wish.

On 2023-12-06 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, just in case in country like US, some told me there are strict inspection for potential danger toward whether employee or customer in place like social adult daycare center.

it was also true that at the beginning, tons of inspection were conducted. but they wouldn't allow this kind of danger material to be left in a place like storage where employee goes in and out often right?

On 2023-12-06 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

That sounds reasonable to me.

On 2023-12-06 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, that is fine, because the basement was actually also remodeled to be storage room for employee to use. and there are strict inspection since it is a service center for elders. Btw it is in NY

On 2023-12-05 by InspectApedia Publisher - Concrete used to build structural walls does not normally use asbestos

@Anonymous,

Concrete used to build structural walls does not normally use asbestos.

About whether old heating equipment is left in place or removed, I'm sorry but I can't say what someone would do.

Depending on the country and city where the building is located AND the building use AND the locations where asbestos might be present AND the form of asbestos-containing material (such as soft, friable pipe insulation) local regulations MIGHT require that the material might be removed.

With respect, this sort of discussion is just too speculative to be reliable. If you are concerned about an asbestos hazard in a building the investigation, if appropriate, needs to be specific: the building location, age, materials, condition, and also to include the building's use and health or environmental regulations that apply.

When you ask "what if" questions without any of that information, and because our field experience shows very wide variation in "what people do" and "what is required by regulation" I'm afraid we get into what my instructors called "too much arm waving".

On 2023-12-05 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, i talking aboubthem seprately, i mean would comcrete wall cobtain asbestos? And if these place were renovated into a social adult daycare with new central AC. Would they leave old furnaces or remove it for places for AC unit?

On 2023-12-05 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

Well I agree with you that these terms aren't always used carefully and frequently it doesn't matter.

And lots of writers, reporters, and people working in construction use these terms cement and plaster and stucco very broadly.

But if we're concerned about the actual ingredients in a substance then we need to be sure that we know which material we are discussing.

Concrete or cement was not normally used to cover a boiler or furnace.

That equipment was frequently coded with a plaster-asbestos mix that was used as a paste to cover irregular or curved surfaces. We've discussed that in this article series. If it's intact, left alone, undisturbed, it's not hazardous.

Concrete or cement is not a friable material and when it has been placed and has cured or hardened it is not normally hazardous regardless of its constituents.

On 2023-12-05 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia DF, i mean do concrete used to contain asbestos? would they leave the old furmace in place even with new central AC installed?

when i searche cement plaster for images, there are pictures of workers applying cement color stuff onto walls.

On 2023-12-05 by InspectApedia Publisher - Concrete walls are not a friable material

@Anonymous,

Concrete walls are not a friable material and so would not be a source of airborne dust and debris unless the building is being demolished, chopped, cut, sawn, etc.

Keep in mind that experts such as US EPA point out that asbestos is not dangerous when intact, undisturbed, left alone, or encapsulated.

I'm not sure which "they" you have in mind, but cement (portland cement) is the key binder in concrete, though normal laypeople might call concrete itself "cement" as well. Concrete is a mixture of portland cement, sand, and water, often with additions of gravel or stone.

Plaster is made of gypsum, lime, water.

On 2023-12-05 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, so concrete walls? At the social adult day care center i worked in there were some old Concrete wall left over by the side of stair case, I believe there might be some drywall before, but it was removed to open more space for elders to move easily.

Also sometimes i go down to room where controls the Air conditioning, The whole center was replaced with central air conditioning, I didn't see any asbestos on the pipes. But was a bit worried about if they didn't remove the old furnace, just installed new central AC unit.

Also isn't this what they called cement plaster? or it is actually concrete?

On 2023-12-04 by InspectApedia Publisher - does cement plaster contain asbestos?

@Anonymous,

I'm not sure we understand your question since you use the phrase "cement plaster" - that's not a product that we know by that word pair.

Cement (as a structural or building material rather than as a glue used to make a scrap book) as used in popular parlance really should be called concrete.

Concrete is composed of sand, portland cement, and water and often stone for added strength. In concrete, or what lay people might call "cement", portland cement is the key binding agent. Historically, similar hard materials were made using lime or chalk as a binding agent.

None of those is specifically an asbestos material though of course depending on where it was mined, some materials might contain asbestos inadvertently.

Plaster - is a material composed of water + sand + gypsum lime. Plaster is an ancient material, more than 4000 years old in various formulations.

Here's the text from above on this page

Asbestos in Plaster and stucco, sometimes includes chrysotile asbestos in two forms: as a deliberate additive in fire-resistant plaster, in specialty plaster products such as casts or decorative moldings, and on occasion as an inadvertent contaminant.

Some plaster products may also contain tremolite (a form of amphibole asbestos) as an inadvertent contaminant from asbestos mining of chrysotile, and also they may include vermiculite that, depending on where it was mined, also contains asbestos (Libby).

Because plaster was added to various wallboard products and drywall to improve its water resistance or fire resistance, in turn that means that additional drywall products manufactured between 1920 and 1978 or later may also contain both chrysotile and tremolite asbestos.

On 2023-12-04 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia DF, i couldnt find it but i found one says it might be used in refactory cement on boiler or fireplace. is it just this?

On 2023-12-03 by InspectApedia DF (mod)

@Anonymous,

That topic is the focus of the article on this page. Please do take a look and let us know if you have additional questions.

On 2023-12-03 by Anonymous

dod cement plaster contain asbestos?

On 2023-11-19 by InspectApedia DF (mod)

@Anonymous,

You'll see in the article above that the "last used" date for asbestos in plaster varies depending on the country of use, manufacturer, and even among manufacturers. So there's no one "right answer" to this question.

Take a look at

ASBESTOS PRODUCTS BANNED vs PERMITTED U.S. 2023

for an accurate update on U.S. asbestos "bans"

On 2023-10-28 by Anonymous (multiple questions posted by one reader)

@InspectApedia Publisher, i see only very small amount ofbplaater used asbeaots. is that right?

when was asbestos use in plaster banned?

On 2023-10-28 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

You will read above on this page that asbestos may occur in some plaster mixes.

Do take a look and let me know if anything in the article is unclear.

On 2023-10-28 by Anonymous (multiple questions posted by one reader)

@InspectApedia Publisher, wait what do you mean? are you daying that basically no asbestos used in drywall?

were you saying the asbestos use in plaster is unlikely?

On 2023-10-28 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod) - is the use of asbestos the difference between gypsum board or drywall and plaster?

@Anonymous,

Thank you for a helpful question, but no it is not correct to claim that the use of asbestos is the difference between gypsum board or drywall and plaster.

The use of asbestos in either form of wall covering or wallboard has nothing to do with the distinction between plaster and drywall.

Drywall's principal ingredient is gypsum - details are at

DRYWALL & GYPSUM BOARD COMPOSITION & HISTORY

The principal ingredients in plaster (clay or quicklime and reinforcing fiber, such as animal hair) are detailed at

PLASTER INGREDIENTS, MIX, PROPERTIES

On 2023-10-23 by Anonymous (multiple questions posted by one reader)

@InspectApedia Publisher, it was from australia gov paper, suggesting there are low amount asbestos in ambient air. i doubted it. some professional inspector told me there is no asbestos in the air outside now.

so asbestos in plaster wall or drywall needs significant disturbance to be able to get loose right？

were drywalls the same as plaster wall that only a very small amount used asbesots in it?

On 2023-10-22 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

That's an interesting comment. It would be really great if we could move past vague and get to specific data. Please, if you can, site specific references so that I can review them and if they are reliable I'd be glad to add them here.

On 2023-10-22 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, been seeing articles suggesting contacting asbestos fibers is common, almost everyone did have some contact at some point is it true?

On 2023-10-20 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

We agree completely that taking small inexpensive steps that put one at ease actually have considerable medical value in relieving anxiety. The anxiety is probably the greater health risk in this case

On 2023-10-19 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, i know i am just worrying about some non-existent risk, but still it makes me relaxing.

On 2023-10-19 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

Tape is fine but it's worth noting that we're probably talking about a potential hazard whose output is beneath the limits of detection.

I recommend taking a look at HAZARD vs RISK at https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Hazard-vs-Risk.php

On 2023-10-19 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, there were some a little bigger screw holes and reaches the brick layer, i didnt like it so i covered it with transperent tape. i know it is a silliy question. but is tape porous that let asbeatoa fibers go through?

On 2023-10-14 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

Correct

On 2023-10-14 by Anonymous

just to confirm, is your answer of "that is right" to the question of "can i just leave them there and ignore them?" on setp 15

On 2023-09-19 by InspectApedia DF (mod) - does asbestos have to be dealt with before any major renovation?

@Anonymous,

It is important to check with your local building department to determine the specific asbestos laws and regulations in your area. They are the final legal authority for this question.

I'd add that if the building renovation would disturb the asbestos material than yes the asbestos should be addressed first. Just what's needed varies enormously depending on the material. For example we simply cover up asbestos-containing floor tiles while we might need to remove or encapsulate asbestos-containing pipe insulation.

On 2023-09-18 by Anonymous (multiple questions posted by one reader)

were asbestos containing product has to be dealt before any major renovation?

should i worry about walking pass by a residentiak building that is under major renovations, the workers were not even masked.

On 2023-09-15 by InspectApedia DF (mod) - small nail hole in plaster wall: no likely health worry

@Anonymous,

That's right

On 2023-09-15 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, oh the hole is not on a pipe, it is on masonry plaster. so you saying i am worrying too much right?

does it have a rought texture by itself? like looks like unpainted.

so can i just leave them there and ignore them lile nothing, just some small nail holed

On 2023-09-15 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod)

@Anonymous,

Friable means that a material can easily be made into a very fine powder that would be airborne simply by rubbing the material between your forefinger and thumb.

Cementious materials including plaster are not friable.

While asbestos pipe elbow or joint lagging is generally cementious and not friable, we cannot, from a one line text question, know the condition of asbestos or asbestos-suspect material in your building. If the material is intact - undamaged - and not in a position where it is going to be disturbed, the general advice is to leave it alone.

Else it may need to be encapsulated or if in poor condition, removed by a professional asbestos abatement contractor.

BE SURE to read the two articles that we recommended to you in your prior post just below.

Then read

ASBESTOS RISK ASSESSMENT https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Asbestos_Risk_Assessment.php

And stay safe.

On 2023-09-15 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod)

@Anonymous,

Good, meticulous practice would be to encapsulate "damaged" asbestos pipe insulation including covering/sealing holes.

Beware that too much fear about what might be small environmental hazards can lead you astray: NO ONE can make a certain assessment of asbestos hazards in your building from a brief text.

But often you can read basic guidelines and apply a bit of common sense to decide what you want or need to do. I certainly would hate to have to hire an actual expert, at hundreds of dollars per hour, simply to look at a tiny hole in an asbestos-suspect pipe insulating material that is otherwise undamaged.

The consult would cost far more than a safe "solution" like using a bit of foil adhesive tape over suspect holes.

Please read and consider the advice and opinions in these two articles

OTHER PEOPLE's MONEY https://inspectapedia.com/home_inspection/Other_Peoples_Money.php - pushing an "expert" too far is going to cost you

and

HAZARD vs RISK - what's the difference https://inspectapedia.com/hazmat/Hazard-vs-Risk.php

On 2023-09-15 by Anonymous

is it true that the plaster or paste used on pipe elbow known as lagginfriable and soft, also having rough textures?

On 2023-09-15 y Anonymous

is it ok to leave the preexisting screw holes?some of them had expending screws.

On 2023-09-02 by InspectApedia DF (mod)

Alex, Danny, and other readers,

Please find your recently posted questions, comments, and photos along with our reply now at the Reader Q&A section in the article above on this page. You may need to clear or refresh your browser cache to see the updated page.

We welcome your further photos, comments, questions.

On 2023-09-01 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, should i worry about the pre existed screw holes?, can i just cover them witch duct tape?

On 2023-09-01 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, were those manufacturers on the list all the ones that contains asbestos? according to the list the last used one would be around 1976, right?

On 2023-09-01 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod)

@alex,

You'll see in the article above that the "last used" date for asbestos in plaster varies depending on the country of use, manufacturer, and even among manufacturers. So there's no one "right answer" to this question.

On 2023-08-27 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod)

@Anonymous,

100 year old plaster without any damage of any sort would in my opinion and experience be very unusual.

About the ingredients in plaster, its historic application methods and numbers of coats, and its repair, please read these articles whose live links you'll find in the Recommended Articles list.

PLASTER INGREDIENTS, MIX, COMPONENTS
PLASTER REPAIR METHODS
PLASTER TYPES & METHODS in BUILDINGS

Those articles also include links to PDF downloads (free) from NPS and others on restoring and preserving historic plaster walls and ceilings.

Then we will certainly welcome any further questions or content suggestions you may have.

On 2023-08-25 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia DF, btw, for renovoation is plaster possible to be replaced?

On 2023-08-25 by InspectApedia DF (mod)

@Anonymous,

Thank you for that added information.

On 2023-08-24 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, no it didn't pass through the weight bear wall but the drywall on left of the picture. it does make sense, since the drywall would be much eaiser to work with.

On 2023-08-24 by InspectApedia Publisher - which wall is the baseboard piping coming through

@Anonymous,

From your photo I can't tell the routing of the pipes because they're covered by the baseboard cover. Try lifting up the hinged end cover and you can see the piping and that will answer your question. Do post a photo of what you find.

On 2023-08-24 by Anonymous

does this water furnace syatem comes through the wall in the corner

baseboard pipe routing through wall (C) InspectApedia.com Anon

On 2023-09-01 by InspectApedia Publisher

Please read the article I mentioned earlier, PLASTER REPAIR METHODS, and specifically the section titled :Repair Mesh Tape or Screen for Small Holes in Plaster Surfaces.

On 2023-09-01 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, should i worry about the pre existed screw holes?, can i just cover them witch duct tape?

On 2023-09-01 by InspectApedia Publisher

@alex,

You'll see in the article above that the "last used" date for asbestos in plaster varies depending on the country of use, manufacturer, and even among manufacturers. So there's no one "right answer" to this question.

On 2023-08-27 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

100 year old plaster without any damage of any sort would in my opinion and experience be very unusual.

About the ingredients in plaster, its historic application methods and numbers of coats, and its repair, please read these articles whose live links you'll find in the Recommended Articles list.

PLASTER INGREDIENTS, MIX, COMPONENTS
PLASTER REPAIR METHODS
PLASTER TYPES & METHODS in BUILDINGS

Those articles also include links to PDF downloads (free) from NPS and others on restoring and preserving historic plaster walls and ceilings.

Then we will certainly welcome any further questions or content suggestions you may have.

On 2023-08-25 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia DF, btw, for renovoation is plaster possible to be replaced?

when did they stop putting asbestos in plaster? especially on masonry walls.

were those manufacturers on the list all the ones that contains asbestos? according to the list the last used one would be around 1976, right?

(Ed. note - a number of this reader's comments were combined here)

On 2023-08-24 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, i am just saying my plaster doesn't seem to have a brown coat, i am not sure if it is just one thick layer of the same coat or two layer of same coat. so my question is just are there cases of using one single coat raither for two or single later

On 2023-08-24 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Anonymous,

If you use the own page search box to find our articles on different types of plaster systems you will see that there's a full range of methods and numbers of layers. However none of that can account for the individual cases that you might encounter because no one is policing the application of plaster in every case.

On 2023-08-24 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, i am worrying about the screw holes

also you remind ed me, i was going to ask does this kind of plastering really last 100 years in good condition? is there really a type of one layered lime plaster?

is asbestos in lath and plaster also for specialty in fire resistants or accoustical?

is brown coat still used as undercoat? does two layered plaster work contain asbestos?

(Ed. note - a number of this reader's comments were combined here)

On 2023-08-24 by InspectApedia Publisher - occasional use of asbestos in plaster

@Anonymous,

The article above explains the topic of the occasional use of asbestos in plaster.

If at your building the surfaces are in good condition and are not going to be disturbed by demolition, it's probably the case that there's not sufficient risk/hazard to go further but if you're concerned about the material and potential asbestos, that concern itself is a health hazard that might be addressed by having a representative sample tested.

On 2023-08-24 by Anonymous

@InspectApedia Publisher, the landowner said it was recently replaced. but i just wasn't so sure , the building was built 1925 in US. there was a screw hole to the bricklayer , i didn't see any undercoat or browncoat.

my friend who worked in renovation said it is one layered lime plaster. he also said this type of lime plaster is good quality. is the use of asbestos on msonry plastering inadvertently contaminated or intentional for the paint for fire resistant

The landowner did a full renovation which replaced the heater system and drywalls. but i heard that plaster wall can last for centuries, so just not sure about the plaster.

On 2023-08-23 by InspectApedia Publisher - does the plastering on masonry walls contain asbestos?

@Anonymous,

It's possible. You would need much more information, at least the context of the building type, age, location and use or you would need to have samples of the material tested. It's not something that one can guess at with any useful accuracy.

On 2023-08-23 by Anonymous

i found that in this page the asbestos were mainly used on lath and plaster walls. my questions does the plastering on msonry walls contain asbestos?

On 2023-06-18 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Danny,

Thank you for the follow-up, that will help other readers.

Keep in mind that dust from plaster board and drywall can be hazardous, independent of the presence or absence of asbestos in those materials. Don't create a dusty mess, or wear appropriate protective equipment and use HEPA vacuuming etc. to clean-up.

On 2023-06-17 by Danny

@InspectApedia Publisher, Thank you for your help. Tests came back negative for asbestos.

On 2023-06-15 by InspectApedia Publisher

@Danny,

Not common, but possible, particularly when you consider that in an older building people could have made repairs and additions after the original installation and those could have used asbestos containing joint compound as well.

On 2023-06-14 by Danny

@InspectApedia Publisher, Thank you, that was helpful. I read a few related articles on the site too. My concern of course is asbestos and if previous projects that cut into the walls kicked up asbestos dust, similar to the comments below.

I take it we'll just have to test it and see, but to your knowledge, did rock lath and plaster from this time period commonly contain asbestos? Or is it a toss-up?

On 2023-06-14 by InspectApedia Publisher - rock lath was used as an alternative to wood or metal lath

@Danny,

Yes, that looks like rock lath or gypsum board or plasterboard that was used as an alternative to wood or metal lath to build a plaster wall or ceiling.

Use the on page search box to search this website for

ROCK LATH to see details

On 2023-06-13 by Danny

Any idea what this material might be? Kitchen wall in 1957 house.

1957 kitchen wall rock lath (C) InspectApedia.com Danny


 


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Or see these ASBESTOS in PLASTER FAQs - questions & answers about asbestos content in old plaster, posted originally at this page

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