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Photograph of  transite asbestos heating flue Guide to Identifying Asbestos Transite Chimneys, Flues, & Pipes in buildings

Transite asbestos chimneys, ducts, flues, pipes:

This article assists in the recognition of transite pipe used for chimneys or heating flues and discusses potential hazards of this material when it is found in buildings. Transite pipe is an asbestos-cement product which was used for both HVAC ducts and for chimney or flue material to vent gas-fired appliances.

This document assists building buyers, owners or inspectors who need to identify asbestos materials (or probable-asbestos) in buildings by simple visual inspection. We provide photographs and descriptive text of asbestos insulation and other asbestos-containing products to permit identification of definite, probable, or possible asbestos materials in buildings.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

Transite Asbestos Chimneys, Ducts Pipes: Asbestos Material Warnings

While an expert lab test using polarized light microscopy and or phase contrast microscopy may be needed to identify the specific type of asbestos fiber, or to identify the presence of asbestos in air, dust or drinking water samples, many asbestos-containing building products not only are obvious and easy to recognize, but since there were not other look-alike products that were not asbestos, a visual identification of this material can be virtually a certainty in many cases.

[Click to enlarge any image]

Article Contents

Watch out: Unsafe transite pipe heating flue vents may only be noticed by a careful building inspection such as shown in these rooftop photographs of a transite flue vent pipe which deteriorated, became swollen, and risk becoming blocked. In cold climates with these vents from the 1950's era, the real hazard is not so much asbestos fibers as the dangerous obstruction of the vent/flue by the deterioration of the interior of the pipe.

Photographs above and text just above on transite flue deterioration were provided courtesy of Roger Hankey a Minneapolis home inspector and ASHI member.

Photo of rooftop transite asbestos vent (C) Roger Hankey InspectAPedia.com

In the transite chimney vent photo above we note that the exterior has been painted black. We don't know why, possibly the naturally gray-white transite flue was painted black for cosmetic reasons, or perhaps in an effort to slow down its surface deterioration.

Fire Clearance Requirements for & Label Descriptions of Asbestos Cement or Transite Heating Flues & Chimneys

Photograph of  asbestos paper wrap on heating/cooling duct exteriorIn use as a gas-fired appliance chimney/vent transite pipe may have been classed as a type "B" flue vent which required 1" clearance from combustibles in some jurisdictions. But as we indicate below, the fire clearance required for transite pipe or cement-asbestos pipe flues and chimneys varied from 1" to 3" and limited temperatures to 330 to 550 F depending on the clearance.

Ervin McKinneykindly provided a copy of a November 1948/1949 Underwriters Laboratories UL List of Inspected Gas, Oil, and Miscellaneous Appliances that includes specifications for Outlet and Vent Piping (540 116). That document indicates that

Vent piping of noncombustible, corrosion resistant material of adequate strength and heat-insulating value is acceptable according to Section 1006 of the Building Code Recommended by the National Board of Fire Underwriters (1949 Edition.) This piping is intended for use only with gas-burning appliances which produce flue gas temperatures not in excess of 550 F.

Unless otherwise indicated in specific listings, spacing to combustible material shall be not less than 1 in. provided that for vents of floor furnaces spacing shall be not less than 3 in. for a distance of not less than 3 ft. from the outlet of the draft hood.

Asbestos Cement Chimney & Flue Venting Products described in this 1948-1949 document include

Enderle, Inc., Ltd., Frank X., Los Angeles Calif.

Cylindrical outlet and vent piping of asbestos, sand, and cement, bell and spigot type.

Markings: "Enderle Vent" stenciled on each length of pipe and fitting.

Cylindrical outlet and vent piping of cement and asbestos having a galvanized iron outer jacket.

Markings: "Enderle Cased Vent" stenciled on each length of pipe and fitting.

Johns-Manville Corp. New York, NY., [Transite or cement asbestos flue vent and chimney piping description]

Consists essentially of cement and asbestos fiber built up in cylindrical and oval form: supplied with couplings, elbows, tees, joint cement, etc.

Suitable for use with 1-in. clearance to combustibles when flue gas temperatures do not exceed 330 F, or with 1 1/2-in. ventilated clearance when flue gas temperatures do not exceed 550 F.

Authorities having jurisdiction should be consulted regarding installation.

Marking: "J-M Transite Flue Pipe for Gas Venting" on each section of piping and on each fitting.

This same document also describes several other flue gas vent piping products made of vitreous coated steel, asbestos, sand, and cement, sand and pumicite with aluminum collar joints, sheet aluminum tube and asbestos insulating or steel spring spacer with an outer shell of galvanized sheet metal, and other aluminum and galvanized sheet metal piping.

See this PDF copy of 1948/1949 Underwriters Laboratories UL List of Inspected Gas, Oil, and Miscellaneous Appliances.

Carbon monoxide hazards with transite asbestos cement chimneys

Where transite pipe (asbestos-cement pipe) has been used as a building chimney to vent combustion gases, if the chimney becomes blocked there could be a dangerous carbon monoxide hazard in the building.

The transite pipe chimney - carbon monoxide hazard occurs when the (usually above-roof outdoor portion) of a transite pipe chimney becomes soft with age and exposure to weather, leading to swollen chimney sides and even chimney internal collapse.

The swollen and collapsing transite pipe chimney blocks the venting of exhaust gases from the building heating equipment.

Photo of transite chimney flue vent - asbestos material (C) InspectAPedia.com

Blocking the venting of exhaust gases, particularly for natural gas or LP gas fired heating appliances, is very likely to interfere with proper combustion at the appliance itself. In turn, this condition results in the production of carbon monoxide at high levels.

  1. Ultimately transite pipe cement asbestos chimney vent flue that becomes blocked creates a multiple safety hazard:
  2. Increased production of carbon monoxide at the heating appliance
  3. Failure to vent combustion gases fully outside the building
  4. Leakage of carbon monoxide gases into the building

See CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR and

see CARBON MONOXIDE for more information.

The transite flue vents, shown in the photos above & below are passing through a building interior closet.

Transite-asbestos piping used as plumbing vents or as chimneys for gas-fired appliances such as gas furnaces becomes swollen and deteriorated due to condensation of the water vapor in the combustion gases being vented, especially above the roof line or in a cold attic.

The acidic flue-gas-condensate combined with the effects of frost in cold climates causes a delamination and swelling and blockage of the transite pipe chimney-flue.

A blocked or constricted flue vent pipe can cause production of dangerous or even fatal carbon monoxide gas in the building.

While the transite pipe shown above was in use as an exhaust flue (what is the fire rating and fire clearance required?), this material was also used in some buildings for both exposed air ducts and for in-slab duct work for heating and air conditioning systems, as shown in the photos below.

See also SLAB DUCTWORK

Transite pipe, which contains significant percentage of asbestos fibers, was often used for heating ducts and on occasion heating and cooling ducts in older buildings.

The transite pipe was used in a buried-in-slab construction methods which placed the transite piping below or in a building floor slab, and asbestos-containing transite pipe ducts were also used in exposed areas such as shown in the crawl space photographs above. [Photo above showing transite duct material is provided courtesy of Thomas Hauswirth, a Connecticut home inspector.]

Transite chimney (C) Daniel FriedmanOur at left below shows a transite (asbestos cement) chimney on the exterior of an older home. This chimney may be too cold to perform safely, especially if venting a gas-fired appliance.

At CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR we describe chimney inspections in detail.

Asbestos hazards of transite duct or chimney piping: Cementious duct material may contain asbestos. What is this "cement" duct work made of? Cement and asbestos fibers.

How much asbestos is in Transite pipe? While it's cementious, transite ducts or even transite pipe used for heating flue vents is a potential asbestos hazard in buildings.

Transite pipe typically contains about 15% to 25% asbestos fibers, typically fibrous chrysotile asbestos.

A careful asbestos testing lab may report both fibrous and fragmented asbestos which can occur in still smaller pieces (thus more easily remaining airborne and increasing human exposure to asbestos). The balance will be cement and possibly other fibers or binders.

Health Hazards from Handling Transite Pipe or Asbestos Cement Piping for Vents, Chimneys, or Air Ducts

Where are the chief health risks with cementious asbestos materials?

Transite pipe, whether it has been used as an air duct, flue vent, chimney, or water pipe, is still a cementious material that is unlikely to release high levels of airborne fibers when it is in good condition.

Touching transite pipe, or simply removing and disposing of an intact section of this material from a building by carrying it outside should not release a significant level of airborne asbestos fibers unless:

In summary, if it has become soft and friable, or if transite pipe is damaged or is cut mechanically (such as by using power equipment), friable, airborne asbestos fibers may be generated - a health and potentially a costly cleanup concern.

Incorrect spellings of transite piping or transite duct material that we've seen include transit pipe, transit ducts, Transide pipe, transide ducts, tranisite pipe, and transight pipe. "Transite" is the correct spelling.

Transite chimney connection at house wall, soot and gas leaks (C) Daniel FriedmanOther Transite Chimney Warnings

At left we see the outdoor base of the transite chimney shown at the top of this page. Concerns that one can see here include:

Soot marks showing that the chimney was leaking flue gases, risking inadequate draft and also water leaks that may follow the chimney interior into the heating appliance, damaging that system.

Chimney elbow and wall thimble at and perhaps below ground surface: the risk of rain, surface runoff or water from snow melt entering the building or damaging the heating appliance are increased.

Reader Question:

I am hoping that you might be able to offer us some direction. We have a family cottage constructed in the 1950s and added on to until the 80s. Last year, my parents had contractors redoing the roof and asked them to remove an old oil stove as well.

The contractors had a difficult time removing the chimney pipe and sent a piece of the metal crashing into the cottage as they wrestled with the stovepipe atop the roof. This sent debris, mostly looking like soot, all over the kitchen.

Recently, however, my concern has risen because I was looking at old pictures and now see that there was a piece of pipe that looks alot like asbestos cement at the exposed part of the chimney. As I was not there when it was demolished I asked my parents who believe the potential transite part was broken apart during demolition. Now I am concerned that there may be asbestos contamination in the cottage itself.

Unfortunately, we, including my toddler, have spent some time there since. What steps can we take to evaluate any contamination inside the building and clean it? Thank you for any suggestions you might have.

Reply:

I trust you understand that with no data on level of material release nor exposure any opinion about the actual risk level in the case you describe would be nonsense.

What you can do is

Someone not concerned for tossing your money at a problem to reduce their risks (the other people's money or OPM problem) might suggest swab and air tests in the building for asbestos contamination.

 




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Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above

Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs

On 2020-10-13 - by (mod) -

Ang:

In your photos I see ductwork or flue pipe that could be transite (if it is hard and cementious) or it could be metal duct wrapped in asbestos paper. From just the photos I'm not sure which. Tap on the material; if it's metallic it's asbestos-paper-wrapped metal duct.

On 2020-10-13 by Ang said

Ang said

Old furnace and water heater flue no longer being used. Want to remove to reclaim space. Opened wall, and this is what I see. Is this asbestos cement pipe?

Another pic

On 2019-08-28 - by (mod) -

Daniel

With the reclama that nobody can make a risk assessment for environmental exposure to hazardous materials simply from a brief e-text and some photos, I see what looks like transite - asbestos-cement pipe in some of your images and in some spots the material is deteriorating, flaking, or delaminating.

It's not likely that, left un-disturbed, there would be much airborne asbestos from a cement-asbestos product unless it's being demolished, chopped, sawn, ground, etc. but there can be ground-level hazards from accumulated cement-asbestos dust

See ASBESTOS ROOFING / SIDING POWER WASHING https://inspectapedia.com/roof/Asbestos_Roof_Wash.php for an example of that concern.

It might make sense to at the very least seal the exterior of the transite pipe flue (or whatever it's being used-for) where it's located in a traffic area such as at a deck.

On 2019-08-28 by Daniel

And here is another image (4). This is the distance there is to the asbestos pipes. They are located on the left side, where the wall ends. You can see the terrace also.

 

Here is another image (3)

 

Here is another image (2).

 

Hello, is there any danger if there is an asbestos pipe outdoors, around 2 metres away from the window or in the terrace of an apartment?

I show you some pictures. There are 2 long pipes, from the neighbouring building, and they show some wear. This is in the last floor of a 3 stories building, and it is outdoors. Would it be enough to just never open that window and never use the terrace? Or can they be used safely?

I might rent this appartment. Should I better not rent it? I am worried that some asbestos might come in through the window.

On 2019-08-09 - by (mod) -

Harvest

To remove older interlocking metal chimney sections that have got "stuck" together with age,

1. Spray the joints with a lubricant like WD40 or a penetrating oil like Liquid Wrench - allow time for the penetrating oil to soak into the joint - minutes or longer.

(Wipe off the excess drooling down the chimney so as not to make a mess)

2. Pick up a pair of strap wrenches like Dthe Klein strap wrench I show below. These are available in diameters up to 32" -measure your chimney diameter to be sure your wrenches will be big enough.

Flip over one of the wrenches opposite to the other so that one can hold the lower chimney segment while the upper wrench rotates the upper chimney segment counter-clockwise. You may find this is a two-person job but I've done it by myself.

Work from the chimney top down, one segment at a time.

Sometimes the chimney segment may crunch a bit but as long as you don't break it apart there won't be any asbestos filler leakage.

Post photos of your job (one per comment) if you can and we can comment further.

DO NOT fall off the ladder while wrenching like a madman.

On 2019-08-09 by harvesttg

Thank you very much. I will investigate further and hopefully I can just disassemble the pipe!

Transite cement asbestos pipe at an apartment (C) InspectApedia.com DanielOn 2019-08-28 by (mod) - paint or seal transite cement asbestos pipe in poor condition and in traffic areas

Daniel

With the reclama that nobody can make a risk assessment for environmental exposure to hazardous materials simply from a brief e-text and some photos, I see what looks like transite - asbestos-cement pipe in some of your images and in some spots the material is deteriorating, flaking, or delaminating.

It's not likely that, left un-disturbed, there would be much airborne asbestos from a cement-asbestos product unless it's being demolished, chopped, sawn, ground, etc. but there can be ground-level hazards from accumulated cement-asbestos dust

See ASBESTOS ROOFING / SIDING POWER WASHING for an example of that concern.

It might make sense to at the very least seal the exterior of the transite pipe flue (or whatever it's being used-for) where it's located in a traffic area such as at a deck.

Transite Asbestos Sealant & Cement Asbestos Roof & Siding Sealants, Advice & Sources

On 2019-08-28 by Daniel

And here is another image (4). This is the distance there is to the asbestos pipes. They are located on the left side, where the wall ends. You can see the terrace also.

Transite cement asbestos pipe at an apartment (C) InspectApedia.com Daniel

On 2019-08-28 by Daniel

Here is another image (3)

Transite cement asbestos pipe at an apartment (C) InspectApedia.com Daniel

On 2019-08-28 by Daniel

Hello, is there any danger if there is an asbestos pipe outdoors, around 2 metres away from the window or in the terrace of an apartment?

I show you some pictures. There are 2 long pipes, from the neighbouring building, and they show some wear. This is in the last floor of a 3 stories building, and it is outdoors. Would it be enough to just never open that window and never use the terrace? Or can they be used safely?

I might rent this appartment. Should I better not rent it? I am worried that some asbestos might come in through the window.

Transite cement asbestos pipe at an apartment (C) InspectApedia.com Daniel

On 2019-08-09 by (mod) - how to dis-assemble or remove stuck-together metal chimney sections

Harvest

To remove older interlocking metal chimney sections that have got "stuck" together with age,

1. Spray the joints with a lubricant like WD40 or a penetrating oil like Liquid Wrench - allow time for the penetrating oil to soak into the joint - minutes or longer.

(Wipe off the excess drooling down the chimney so as not to make a mess)

2. Pick up a pair of strap wrenches like the Klein strap wrench I show below. These are available in diameters up to 32" -measure your chimney diameter to be sure your wrenches will be big enough.

Flip over one of the wrenches opposite to the other so that one can hold the lower chimney segment while the upper wrench rotates the upper chimney segment counter-clockwise. You may find this is a two-person job but I've done it by myself.

3. Work from the chimney top down, one segment at a time.

Sometimes the chimney segment may crunch a bit but as long as you don't break it apart there won't be any asbestos filler leakage.

Post photos of your job (one per comment) if you can and we can comment further.

Watch out: DO NOT fall off the ladder while wrenching like a madman.

On 2019-08-09 by harvesttg

Thank you very much. I will investigate further and hopefully I can just disassemble the pipe!

On 2019-08-09 by (mod) - asbestos used in Metalbestos Model SS Chimney NO. 8S-30"

It is almost certainly an asbestos insulating material, Harve.

Normally these chimneys are made of sections of double or triple-walled stainless steel and contain asbestos insulating material between two or more of the layers. The two ends of each section are sealed to the stainless tubes.

As long as the chimney has not been cut or mechanically damaged it is possible to simply un-screw and dis-assemble chimney sections without any asbestos insulation leakage.

DO NOT try sawing or cutting the pipes. Rather un-screw the sections from one another.

On 2019-08-08 by harvesttg

I have a question similar to On 2019-07-24 18:50:57.075933 by Ferris. Our home was built in 1972 and has a stainless, double walled vent pipe leading from the basement to the roof. It was for an old oil burning furnace.

The label on the pipe says "Metalbestos Model SS Chimney, Part no. 8S-30".

It is also filled with a gray dust like insulation layer between the pipes. I am looking to find out if this is asbestos or not? Also looking for any tips for removal. The pipes are connected end-to-end in a male/female fashion. I am curious if the insulation is encapsulated in each pipe and if the pipes will come apart or have to be cut apart. Any feedback is appreciated!

On 2019-07-24 by (mod) - use of asbestos in multi-wall metal chimneys

Watch out: yes depending on its age, the insulating material in double or triple wall stainless steel chimneys could indeed be asbestos.

As you've already had a dusty spill I suggest cleanup treating the material AS IF it were asbestos: wet wipe, HEPA vacuum. Photos would permit more comment.

Are there any identifying labels or stampings on the chimney parts with a brand such as "Metalbestos" ?

What are the country and city location of the building, and what is the building age?

On 2019-07-24 by Ferris

We took down a stainless steel chimney that vented an old oil furnace that was taken out a few years ago.

We had to cut the chimney in half where it ran through the house. It was insulated stainless steel but there was some sort of insulation between the inner and other layer that looks like finely ground packed gray dust. Is this asbestos?

On 2019-03-30 by (mod) - asbestos liner in galvanized chimney flues?

Anon

It would be very uncommon for a galvanized flue vent connector to include an asbestos liner - my research has not found such a product in use for home heating systems.

But it's easy enough to take a look up through the draft hood to see the interior of the vent - use a flashlight and a mirror. Post a photo of what you see and we can comment further.

On 2019-03-30 by anonymous

i have a gas heating unit from 1969 2 family home. i would like to know if the galvanized metallic vent pipe coming out of the furnace has asbestos inside the vent pipe insde my basement

On 2018-03-03 by Dave

I have a perfect condition transite vent from a previous water heater installation and want to use the pipe to vent an oven and the exhaust is only 150F so I want to know if anyone has just run metal flu pipe inside of the transite in regards to a building inspection so I can avoid all the issues going through the roof (old commercial roof). Any feedback ?

On 2017-04-10 by (mod) -

Start by hiring a chimney sweep certified by the national Chimney Sweep Guild if possible spect your chimney for fire safety safe venting.

On 2017-04-10 by Karla Reeder

PS. Karlasgonefishing@yahoo.com. If you can help me.

On 2017-04-10 by Karla Reeder

My son and 7 yr old grandson live in older home bought on foreclosure so no inspections were done. We just learned that the stack is asbestos and co could be immediate problem. 3 contractors won't touch it and say their children wouldn't be in that house.

He can't get a loan. He has some money saved and were all going to help him. We don't need funeral. Where do we start? We don't know who to ask for help. I'm horrified PLEASE RESPOND FAST PLEASE. God Bless. Karla

On 2016-11-30 by Cara

We have an old HVAC vent duct (basement to roof - now disconnected) in our 1932 home. It's galvanized pipe lined with ceramic material. Is there likely to be asbestos there?

On 2016-09-22 by matt

Can you through transits pipe into any dump

On 2016-06-16 by (mod) - asbestos-cement pipes or chimneys that are undisturbed indoors are low risk

Cemen-asbestos materials out of the way, not damaged, not being distrubed, are pretty harmless and can just be left alone.

On 2016-06-16 by keith

This pipe is not being used and

is in a crawl space. It was disconnected from a removed wall heater.

On 2015-11-03 by (mod) - buying parts for a cement-asbestos transite flue or chimney

Anon:

I think you're asking about buying parts for a cement-asbestos transite flue or chimney. My opinion is no, on these counts:

1: you're fooling with asbestos-containing material that would be better left un-disturbed

2: the vent or chimney may not meet current safety standards

3: if the chimney is damaged or otherwise inadequate you'd be better off replacing it with a proper new metal flue: for gas that's probably a B-vent system.

On 2015-11-03 by Anonymous - parts for Johns Manville Transite Flue Pipe?

cam you purchase parts for jm translate flue pipe and where, and what is in inside the roof housing and flashing. I was in HVAC since 1970 and never have this type of flue for gas furnace and water heater in a residential home

Question: EPA approved sealer for transite pipe?

[delete] (Apr 2, 2014) dan lackey said:

is there an e p a aproved methode to seal transite pipe used for heating duct in a slab foundation home

Reply:

Not that I can find Dan but you can take a look at these sources:

1. ASBESTOS TRANSITE DUCTWORK - sealing transite air ducts in slabs

2. SLAB DUCTWORK - sealing air ducts in slabs - general issues

3. Code of Federal Regulations: Chapter 40; Part 763 -- Asbestos
This CFR excerpt contains regulations related to asbestos-containing materials in schools; asbestos worker protection; and prohibition of the manufacture of certain asbestos products.

Question: old Luxor wood stove - from Romania - does it contain asbestos?

(June 16, 2014) Anonymous said:
I have an ols luxor stove (a romanian stove company that closed)/ how can I detect if there is asbestous in the stove (this is a wood burning stove)

sorry, "ols" luxor = old "luxor"

I forgot to ask whether this company used asbest in her products/

Reply:

O.Lux:

Asbestos was often used in older woodburning stoves in these locations:

- asbestos rope gaskets on doors and between stove sections or components

- asbestos cement sealants between stove sections

- asbestos cement board or millboard as a component in heat shields

To know for sure if a material contains asbestos you'd have to send a sample to a certified asbestos test lab.

It would be sensible and prudent to treat stove sealants, gaskets and similar materials on an older unit as "PACM" - presumed asbestos-containing.

Question: backing behind cast iron in-wall radiators contains asbestos?

(Aug 6, 2014) Paul P said:

In a house built in 1949 in Nassau County Long Island, in the wall cast iron radiators, the backing behind it, paper like, shiny (but browned seemingly from years of heat, dirt) and the other side is black with long black threads going through it,

do you know if this sort of material has ever contained asbestos? I am concerned because in one area this has been torn, revealing those long black strands/threads. Thank you.

Reply:

Paul

By e-text alone no one can assert for sure whether a material contains asbestos or not.

Typically a reflector board was used behind in-wall radiators to improve heat output to the room. The ones I've seen were made of fiberboard covered with aluminum foil.

If you like, use our email found at our CONTACT link to send me some sharp photos and I may be able to comment further.\

See ASBESTOS IDENTIFICATION IN BUILDINGS - home for help in recognizing asbestos-containing materials.


...

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