InspectAPedia® FREE Encyclopedia of Building & Environmental Construction, Diagnosis, Maintenance & Repair |
Question? Just ask us! InspectAPedia
|
Sinkhole Immediate Safety Actions
Sinkhole response advice: immediate safety action, contact authorities, & how to find appropriate repair experts
- POST a QUESTION or COMMENT about sinkholes: formation, safety, detection
Sinkhole repair advice:
How to contact sinkhole authorities, & find appropriate sinkhole damage or foundation damage repair experts.
This article describes the type of engineering or excavator or foundation repair contrctor repair servicves you will need. We include directories of sinkhole repair contractor services by geographic area.
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.
- Daniel Friedman, Publisher/Editor/Author - See WHO ARE WE?
Sinkhole Safety Actions & Repair Contractors
Watch out: Readers trying to diagnose and deal with sudden soil subsidence or yard collapses should
see SINKHOLES - IMMEDIATE SAFETY ACTIONS .
[Click to enlarge any image]
Call your local building department for advice on prompt sinkhole assessment as well as for their advice about which excavation contractors or foundation repair contractors in your immediate area have experience with sinkhole diagnosis and repair.
In some circumstances you may need to contact an engineering firm who have sinkhole expertise, typically listed under civil engineers or geotechnical engineer.
Also see SINKHOLES, WARNING SIGNS.
The sinkhole-tipped-over house above and the page top sinkhole photo are discussed
at SINKHOLES on LEDA CLAY FORMATIONS
Sinkhole Repair Services in Florida
- Michael D. Mosher, www.Sinkhole.org
Florida Sinkhole assistance association principally seeks sinkhole information. No company address was found at the website.
Quoting fron th organization's website:
If you have questions or need to locate a Foundation Repair Company, Attorney, Engineer, or sinkhole house buyer, please call Michael or Sam at: 866-999-SINK (7465)
Sinkhole.Org began over 5 years ago with a small group of people concerned with the extreme rise of sinkhole and sinkhole related activity in Florida. The activity was predominantly, at that time, on the West Coast & and Central Florida. The group's founders not only consisted of Central Florida natives but professionals, varying in the fields of real estate, construction, engineering, and law.
Sinkhole.org provides information about sinkholes and help for homeowners with sinkhole damaged property in these areas of Florida:Hillsborough including Apollo Beach, Balm, Bloomingdale, Brandon, Carrollwood Village, Dover, Gibsonton, Lithia, Lutz, Mango, Orient Park, Plant City, Riverview, Ruskin, Seffner, Sun City Center, Tampa, Temple Terrace, Thonotosassa, Valrico, Wimauma, and Ybor City; Hernando including Brooksville, Herrnando Beach, Masaryktown, Ridge Manor, Spring Hill, and Weeki Wachee; Pasco including Bayonet Point, Beacon Point, Dade City, Elfers, Gulf Harbors, Holiday, Hudson, Lacoochee, Land O' Lakes, New Port Richey, Odessa, Port Richey, San Antonio, Shady Hills, St. Leo, Trinity, Wesley Chapel, and Zephyrhills; Pinellas including Belleair, Belleair Beach, Belleair Bluffs, Belleair Shore, Clearwater, Dunedin, Gulfport, Indian Rocks Beach, Indian Shores, Kenneth City, Largo, Madeira Beach, North Redington Beach, Oldsmar, Pinellas Park, Redington Beach, Safety Harbor, Seminole, South Pasadena, St. Pete Beach, St. Petersburg, Tarpon Springs, Treasure Island, Ozona; Polk including Auburndale, Bartow, Davenport, Dundee, Eagle Lake, Fedhaven, Fort Meade, Frostproof, Haines City, Highland Park, Hillcrest Heights, Indian Lake Estates, Lake Alfred, Lake Hamilton, Lake Wales, Lakeland, Mulberry, Nalcrest, Polk City, Providence, and Winter Haven; Orange including Alafaya, Apopka, Bay Lake, Belle Isle, Christmas, Doctor Phillips, Eatonville, Edgewood, Hunter's Creek, Lake Buena Vista, Maitland, Oakland, Ocoee, Orlando, Tangerine, Windermere, Winter Garden, Winter Park, and Zellwood. - retrieved 5/7/2014 www.sinkhole.org
- Brookesville FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Advanced Pier Technology, LLC 8445 Morningside Dr Brooksville, FL
- Black Rock Construction 15316 Bailey Hill Rd Brooksville, FL
- Foundation Repair Specialist 18766 Cortez Blvd Brooksville, FL
- LRE Ground Services, Inc. PO Box 10263 Brooksville, FL
- Secure Foundation Systems, Inc. 16182 Aviation Loop Dr Brooksville, FL
- Dunedin FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Dunedin Restoration Services, Inc. 1271 San Christopher Dr Dunedin, FL
- Hudson FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- All Coast Foundation Systems, LLC 18857 Sakera Rd Hudson, FL
- All Florida Ram Jack, LLC 16646 Scheer Blvd Hudson, FL
- Foundation Repair Contractors 8635 New York Ave Hudson, FL 34667-3463 Phone: (352) 588-2396 Fax: (352) 588-0573 Email: info@frcsinkholerepair.com
- Geo-Logical, Inc. 6551 Industrial Ave Port Richey, FL
- Global Ground Solutions, LLC 13943 Caden Glen Dr Hudson, FL
- Greg Henry, Inc. , 8632 Casper Ave Hudson, FL
- Universal Soil Solutions, LLC 9806 Ideal Ln Hudson, FL
- Land O Lakes FL sinkhole repair contractors
- Earth Tech, LLC 2620 Hunt Rd Land O Lakes, FL
- Odessa FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Paul Davis Restoration, Inc. of Pasco 2512 Success Dr Odessa, FL
- RAB Foundation Repair, LLC 13206 Byrd Dr Odessa, FL
- Port Richey FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Logical Restoration, LLC 6551 Industrial Ave Port Richey, FL
- Professional Construction Specialist, Inc. 9409 US Highway 19 STE 703 Port Richey, FL
- San Antonio FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- C&N Foundation Technologies, LLC 12630 Curley St Ste 104 San Antonio, FL
- Spring Hill FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Atlas, LLC 13101 Spring Hill Dr Spring Hill, FL
- Thunder Bay Builders, Inc. 3755 Commercial Way Spring Hill, FL
- Tampa FL sinkhole repair contractors:
- Champion Foundation Repair Systems, LLC, 8504 Adamo Dr Ste 140G Tampa, FL
- Freedom Sky Construction, Inc. 4118 Hollowtrail Dr Tampa, FL
Sinkhole Repair Services for New York
Watch out: Readers trying to diagnose and deal with sudden soil subsidence or yard collapses should
see SINKHOLES - IMMEDIATE SAFETY ACTIONS .
Also see CESSPOOL SAFETY WARNINGS as those hazards can also apply to drywells and septic tan
and also see SINKHOLES, WARNING SIGNS
Additional septic system safety warnings are at SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY .
Call your local building department for advice on prompt sinkhole assessment as well as for their advice about which excavation contractors or foundation repair contractors in your immediate area have experience with sinkhole diagnosis and repair. In some circumstances you may need to contact an engineering firm who have sinkhole expertise, typically listed under civil engineers or geotechnical engineer.
The following companies identify themselves as sinkhole damage repair experts in New York:
- Adirondack area, NY
- Adirondack Basement Systems, 4 Jones Road, Halfmoon, NY 12065, Tel 1-866-749-7407, advertises performing sinkhole-damage-related repair work. Website: http://www.adirondackbasement.com,
Serving these areas: Schenectady, Albany, Troy, Cohoes, Johnstown, Rensselaer, Hudson, Mechanicville, Hudson Falls, Ballston Lake, Delmar, Glens Falls, Gansevoort, Waterford, Watervliet, Catskill, Amsterdam, Saratoga Springs, Clifton Park, Queensbury, Gloversville, Latham, Ballston Spa, NY
- Adirondack Basement Systems, 4 Jones Road, Halfmoon, NY 12065, Tel 1-866-749-7407, advertises performing sinkhole-damage-related repair work. Website: http://www.adirondackbasement.com,
- Lido Beach NY: Tutwiler & Associates Public Adjusters 441 Lido Blvd Lido Beach, NY 11561
- Hayward Baker Inc 260 Green St South Hackensack, NJ 07606
- DiDomenico Refinishing 28 Gates Ave Montclair, NJ 07042
InspectAPedia.com ® is an independent publisher of building, environmental, and forensic inspection, diagnosis, and repair information provided free to the public - we have no business nor financial connection with any manufacturer or service provider discussed at our website. CONTACT to add listings here. No fees are involved.
Sink Hole & Related Engineering References
- White, W. B., 1988, Geomorphology and Hydrology of Karst Terrains: Oxford University Press, New York
- Also see CESSPOOL SAFETY WARNINGS as those hazards can also apply to drywells and septic tanks.
...
Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above
Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.
Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs
On 2019-06-29 - by (mod) - What type of fill is best to use with a depressed area but no definite sink hole is found?
If it's truly not a sinkhole in there's no opening in the bottom no fill should be washing away. Typically holds like that that aren't a sinkhole or filled with rubble and topped with sufficient depth of topsoil that you can grow what you want or where there's grass or something elseOn 2019-06-28 by Frank Alvarez
What type of fill is best to use with a depressed area but no definite sink hole is found? The area is an eroded hole on the upper side of my lake with steep bank. It is 6-7 feet deep with 10 ft width and 15 feet long with vertical sides and no definite large amount of run off into the lake.
The engineer tells me it is best to fill it with sand and clay aggregate but I was thinking a coquina aggregate with shell and sand may be better to prevent it washing away. Could you give me your suggestion? Thanks
On 2018-12-03 - by (mod) - Two sink holes has opened up recently.
Be sure to take the safety suggestions we cite and call your local building departmentOn 2018-12-02 by Jody
Two sink holes has opened up recently. This one is about 15 feet deep. With about 7 feet of water in it. Located in Cedartown in Polk Georgia.
IMAGE LOST by older version of Clark Van Oyen’s Comments Box code - now fixed. Please re-post the image if you can. Sorry. Mod
...
Continue reading at FOUNDATION DAMAGE & REPAIR GUIDE or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX .
Or see these
Sinkhole & Subsidence Articles
- SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
- SINKHOLES & SUBSIDENCES - home
- DEFINITION of SINKHOLES
- GHOST LAKES
- SEAWALL SINKHOLES & SUBSIDENCES - separate article
- Sinkholes in ALABAMA
- Sinkholes in BELIZE
- Sinkholes in Berezniki RUSSIA
- Sinkholes in BRITISH COLUMBIA
- Sinkholes in CALIFORNIA
- Sinkholes in CANADA
- Sinkholes in ENGLAND
- Sinkholes in ESTONIA
- SINKHOLES in FLORIDA
- SINKHOLES in GEORGIA
- Sinkholes in GUATEMALA
- Sinkholes in ICELAND
- Sinkholes in KANSAS
- Sinkholes in KENTUCKY
- Sinkholes in LITHUANIA
- SINKHOLES in MARYLAND
- Sinkholes in MEXICO
- SINKHOLES in MINNESOTA - includes subsidences at seawalls
- Sinkholes in MISSOURI
- SINKHOLES in NEW YORK
- Sinkholes in OHIO
- Sinkholes in OKLAHOMA
- SINKHOLES in PENNSYLVANIA
- Sinkholes in PORTUGAL
- SINKHOLES in QUEBEC, Leda Clay
- SINKHOLES in TENNESSEE
- Sinkholes in TEXAS
- SINKHOLES in VIRGINIA
- SINKHOLE RESEARCH & REFERENCES
- DEFINITION of SINKHOLES
- GHOST LAKES & SINKHOLES
- SINKHOLE DAMAGE REPAIRS
- SINKHOLE DETECTION, WARNING SIGNS
- SINKHOLES - IMMEDIATE SAFETY ACTIONS
- SINKHOLES COURSE - X-Ray Vision?
- SINKHOLES on KARST FORMATIONS
- SINKHOLES on LEDA CLAY FORMATIONS
- SINKHOLE RESEARCH & REFERENCES
- SINKING BUILDINGS
Suggested citation for this web page
SINKHOLE DAMAGE REPAIRS at InspectApedia.com - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice.
Or see this
INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES: ARTICLE INDEX to SINKHOLES
Or use the SEARCH BOX found below to Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia
Ask a Question or Search InspectApedia
Try the search box just below, or if you prefer, post a question or comment in the Comments box below and we will respond promptly.
Search the InspectApedia website
Note: appearance of your Comment below may be delayed: if your comment contains an image, photograph, web link, or text that looks to the software as if it might be a web link, your posting will appear after it has been approved by a moderator. Apologies for the delay.
Only one image can be added per comment but you can post as many comments, and therefore images, as you like.
You will not receive a notification when a response to your question has been posted.
Please bookmark this page to make it easy for you to check back for our response.
Our Comment Box is provided by Countable Web Productions countable.ca
Citations & References
In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
- Burton, Jerry, "Fresh From a Kentucky Sinkhole, Recovered 'Vettes Draw Crowds", The New York Times, 3/23/2014 p. 2
- Dinger, James S., and James R. Rebmann. Ordinance for the control of urban development in sinkhole areas in the Blue Grass karst region, Lexington, Kentucky. Kentucky Geological Survey, 1991.
- Florea, Lee J., Randall L. Paylor, Larry Simpson, and Jason Gulley. "Karst GIS advances in Kentucky." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 64, no. 1 (2002): 58-62.
- Florea, Lee J. "Using State-wide GIS data to identify the coincidence betwen sinkholes and geologic structure." Journal of Cave and Karst Studies 67, no. 2 (2005): 120-124.
- Hess, Jonn W., and William B. White. "Storm response of the karstic carbonate aquifer of southcentral Kentucky." Journal of Hydrology 99, no. 3 (1988): 235-252.
- Waltham, Tony, Frederic Gladstone Bell, and M. G. Culshaw, Sinkholes and subsidence, Springer/Praxis, 2005.
- White, William B., Richard A. Watson, E. R. Pohl, and Roger Brucker. "The central Kentucky karst." Geographical Review (1970): 88-115.
- Henry Fountain, "Ohio Looks at Whether Fracking Led to 2 Quakes", The New York Times, p. A20, 3/12/2014
- [1] Thomas V. Cech, Principles of water resources: history, development, management, and policy, John Wiley and Sons 2009 ISBN0470136316, 9780470136317
- [2] Opdyke et als, "Origin of the epeirogenic uplift of Pliocene-Pleistocene beach ridges in Florida and development of the Florida karst", N. D. Opdyke1, D. P. Spangler 1, D. L. Smith 1, D. S. Jones 1 and R. C. Lindquist 1, Geology; April 1984; v. 12; no. 4; p. 226-228; DOI: 10.1130/0091-7613(1984)12<226:OOTEUO>2.0.CO;2
© 1984 Geological Society of America
1 Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611 - [3] "Russian Child Disappears Into Pipe After Falling Into a Sinkhole With His Mother", Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, 10 January 2012, p. A9.
- [4] Buried oil tank collapse, subsidence, in condominium association meeting minutes, private correspondence, DF with attorney. 02/21/2012.
- [5] "A City Always on the Watch Against Being Sucked Into the Earth", Andrew E. Kramer, The New York Times, 11 April 2012, p. A10.
- [6] "A Little House on the Catastrophically Damaged Prarie", Wes Enzinna, The New York Times Magazine, 20 May 2012, p. 34-39.
- Additional reference citations within the above document:
- 4. http://members.aol.com/caveconser/page1.htm and http://members.aol.com/caveconser/page2.htm
- 5. http://www.nd.edu/~techrev/Archive/Spring2000/a2.html
- 6. http://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/about/isspapers/sinkholes.html
- 7. http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/sinkholes.html -- Sinkholes in FL, surface characteristics, types, warning signs, what to do, recreation
- 8. http://kyclim.wku.edu/BRADD/sinkholes/intro.html Sinkhole explanation and warning signs- Kentucky
- 9. http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Tampa/ -- Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies - Tampa Florida
- 10. http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Pubs_products/online.html -- bibliography including sinkhole studies
- 11. http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/00-180/index.html -- sink hole maps for NE Florida - index page
- 12. http://gulfsci.usgs.gov/tampabay/index.html - Tampa Bay Study
- 13. http://www.swfwmd.state.fl.us/emer/sinkhole/sinkpage.htm SW Florida Sinkhole Information
- 14. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/gisdatamaps/index.htm Sink Hole Maps - FL
- 15. http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/gisdatamaps/sinkhole_database.htm - Sink Hole Locations - database for FL (Excel)
- 16. http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/publications/ofr/00-180/intro/intro.html specific to
- 17. FOUNDATION DAMAGE REPAIR GUIDE - Inspecting Foundations for Structural Defects
- 18. http://216.239.39.104/search?q=cache:ZeYj0XgJ38oJ:www.gamineral.org/_docs/Apr03p7-12.pdf+sinkhole+clues+signs&hl=en&ie=UTF-8
- 19. http://sjr.state.fl.us
- [1] see Reference 6
- [2] Reference 1
- [3] Reference 4
- [4] Reference 2
- [5] Reference 5
- [6] Reference 1
- [7] This list compiles clues from multiple sources and references.
- [8] Reference 7: Geologists have a good idea where sinkholes are likely to form geographically, but it's much more difficult to accurately predict specifically where[and when] sinkholes will occur."
- [9] Reference 6
- [10] At a previous ASHI Florida conference slides of a masonry block building repaired by AB Chance Helical Pier Co. showed step cracks at the top of the house front wall which were diagnosed as settlement at the opposite end of the house - structural rigidity caused cracking to telegraph to the front; detectable by noting out-of-plumb mortar joints!
- [11] Reference 3
- [12] Reference 7
- [13] Reference 19
- Sinkholes and Sudden Land Subsidence References, Products, Consultants
- "A Hole in the Ground Erupts, to Estonia's Delight", New York Times, 9 December 2008 p. 10.
- History of water usage in Estonia: (5.7 MB PDF) jaagupi.parnu.ee/freshwater/doc/the_history_of_water_usage_systems_in_estonia.pdf
- "Quebec Family Dies as Home Vanishes Into Crater, in Reminder of Hidden Menace", Ian Austen, New York Times, 13 May 2010 p. A8. See http://www.nytimes.com/
- "Quick Clay", Wikipedia search 5/13/2010 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick_clay
- Florida DEP - Department of Environmental Protection, & Florida Geological survey (http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/default.htm) on Florida sinkholes: Effects of Sinkholes on Water Conditions Hernando County, Florida, Brett Buff, GIS in Water Resources, 2008, Dr. David R. Maidment, Photos - Tom Scott, Florida Geographic Survey - Web Search 06/09/2010 - http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/jacksonsink.htm
and - http://www.dep.state.fl.us/geology/geologictopics/sinkhole.htm
also see
Lane, Ed, 1986, Karst in Florida: Florida Geological Survey Special Publication 29, 100 p. - Foundation Engineering Problems and Hazards in Karst Terranes, James P. Reger, Maryland Geological Survey, web search 06/05/2010, original source: http://www.mgs.md.gov/esic/fs/fs11.html
Maryland Geological Survey , 2300 St. Paul Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 - "Frost Heaving Forces in Leda Clay", Penner, E., Division of Building Research, National Research Council of Canada, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, NRC Research Press , 1970-2, Vol 7, No 1, PP 8-16, National Research Council of Canada, Accession number 1970-023601, Quoting from original source
The frost heaving forces developed under a 1 ft. (30.5 cm) diameter steel plate were measured in the field throughout one winter. The steel plate was fixed at the ground surface with a rock-anchored reaction frame. heave gauges and thermocouples were installed at various depths to determine the position and temperature of the active heaving zone. The general trend was for the surface force to increase as the winter progressed.
When the frost line approached the maximum depth the force was in excess of 30,000 lb (13,608 KG). Estimates of the heaving pressure at the frost line ranged from 7 to 12 psi (0.49 to 0.84 KG/cm) square during this period. The variation of surface heaving force was closely associated with weather conditions. Warming trends resulting in a temperature increase of the frozen layer caused the forces to decline. - "Geoscape Ottowa-Gatineau Landslides ", Canada Department of Natural Resources, original source http://geoscape.nrcan.gc.ca/ottawa/landslides_e.php - quoting from that source:
Leda clay slopes in the Ottawa valley are vulnerable to catastrophic landslides. More than 250 landslides, historical and ancient, large and small, have been identified within 60 km of Ottawa. Some of these landslides caused deaths, injuries, and property damage, and their impact extended far beyond the site of the original failure. In spectacular flowslides, the sediment underlying large areas of flat land adjacent to unstable slopes liquefies.
The debris may flow up to several kilometres, damming rivers and causing flooding, siltation, and water-quality problems or damaging infrastructure. Geologists and geotechnical engineers can identify potential landslide areas, and appropriate land-use zoning and protective engineering works can reduce the risk to property and people.Deposits of Leda clay, a potentially unstable material, underlie extensive areas of the Ottawa-Gatineau region. Leda clay is composed of clay- and silt-sized particles of bedrock that were finely ground by glaciers and washed into the Champlain Sea. As the particles settled through the salty water, they were attracted to one another and formed loose clusters that fell to the seafloor.
The resulting sediment had a loose but strong framework that was capable of retaining a large amount of water. Following the retreat of the sea, the salts that originally contributed to the bonding of the particles were slowly removed (leached) by fresh water filtering through the ground. If sufficiently disturbed, the leached Leda clay, a weak but water-rich sediment, may liquefy and become a 'quick clay'. Trigger disturbances include river erosion, increases in pore-water pressure (especially during periods of high rainfall or rapid snowmelt), earthquakes, and human activities such as excavation and construction.After an initial failure removes the stiffer, weathered crust, the sensitive clay liquefies and collapses, flowing away from the scar. Failures continue in a domino-like fashion, rapidly eating back into the flat land lying behind the failed slope. The flowing mud may raft intact pieces of the stiffer surface material for great distances.
- Kochanov, W. E., 1999, Sinkholes in Pennsylvania : Pennsylvania
Geological Survey, 4th ser., Educational Series 11, 33 p., 3rd printing April 2005, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources / Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey, DCNR Educational Series 11, Pennsylvania Geological Survey, Fourth Series, Harrisburg,
1999 - web search 06/05/2010, original source: http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/topogeo/hazards/es11.pdf - Quoting from the document introduction:
The first 18 pages of this booklet contain an explanation of how sinkholes develop. In order to tell the sinkhole story, it is important to discuss a number of related geologic disciplines. The words used to describe sinkholes and these disciplines may be a bit unfamiliar. However, general explanations are given throughout the booklet to help clarify their meanings. Key words are printed in bold type for emphasis.
The more important ones are defined in a Glossary that begins on page 29. The remaining sections, starting with “Sinkholes in the Urban Environment” (page 18), deal with sinkholes and their impact on our environment. This includes recognition of subsidence features and sinkhole repair. - Thanks to reader Y.Z., Whitestone, NY for discussing a back yard collapse 4/1/2010
- [1] Sarah Cervone, [web page] data from the APIRS database, Graphics by Ann Murray, Sara Reinhart and Vic Ramey, Vic Ramey is the editor. DEP review by Jeff Schardt and Judy Ludlow. The web page is a collaboration of the Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, University of Florida, and the Bureau of Invasive Plant Management, Florida Department of Environmental Protection contact: varamey@nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu [A primary resource for this article
- [2] Center for Cave and Karst Studies or the Kentucky Climate Center, both at Western Kentucky University
- Vanity Fair - web search 06/04/2010 http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2010/06/what-caused-the-guatemala-sinkhole-and-why-is-it-so-round.html
- Sinkholes, [on file as /vision/Sinkholes_Virginia_DME.pdf ] - , Virginia Division of Mineral Resources,
- Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy, www.dmme.virginia.gov Virginia Department of Mines, Minerals and Energy Division of Mineral Resources 900 Natural Resources Drive, Suite 500 Charlottesville, VA 22903 Sales Office: (434) 951-6341 FAX : (434) 951-6365 Geologic Information: (434) 951-6342 http://www.dmme.virginia.gov/ divisionmineralresources.shtml - Web search 06/09/2010
- Wikipedia - web search 06/04/2010 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala_City
- In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
CONTINUE READING or RECOMMENDED ARTICLES.
- Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes and to use illustrations from The ILLUSTRATED HOME .
Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services.
 | HOME | ABOUT | ASK a QUESTION | CONTACT | CONTENT USE POLICY | DESCRIPTION | POLICIES | PRIVACY | |
| © 2024 - 1985 Publisher InspectApedia.com - Daniel Friedman | |||||||||