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Low-Cost & Ceramic + Plastic Toilets
Manufacturers & Sources
- POST a QUESTION or COMMENT about economical toilet brands, manufacturers, sources
Economical toilets, old & new: This article describes economical toilet brands, manufacturers,and sources.
We also include photographs of New Zealand's own McSkimming toilet that used a ceramic bowl and plastic cistern, and we include a description of the toilet components and how the toilet fill and flush and overflow controls work.
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Ceramic + Plastic Toilets & Low-Cost Toilets
McSkimming Ceramic + Plastic Toilets, still in use in New Zealand
Below we illustrate and explain the operation and connections for a 1981 McSkimming plastic toilet that remains perfectly functional in a home in Christchurch, New Zealand. This toilet is contructed of a ceramic bowl (the toilet lower portion or body) and a colour-matched cistern (tank) that is made of plastic.
... 
At above center is the water supply hook-up for this toilet while at above right you can see that the toilet's drain connection is vented above the floo r(orange arrow) and through the partition wall (to and through the roof above).
New Zealand plumbing practice commonly includes a provision for directing toilet tank overflow, caused perhaps by a sticking fill valve, outside through a separate drain (blue arrow above right). This feature prevents sending volumes of water into the sewer system unnecessarily.
... 
At above left we illustrate the simple push-button flush control for this McSkimming toilet.
This toilet was installed in a home constructed in the early 1980's in Christchurch, New Zealand and is still in use. At above right we detail the flush control componects for this top flush toilet:
- Red arrow: the toilet tank (cistern) fill control valve
- Green arrow: fill tube to add water to the toilet bowl during a flush cycle
- Blue arrow: overflow tube to outdoor discharge
- Yellow arrow: the fill control valve's float
- White arrow: the flush actuator lever that is pushed down by the tan top pushbutton shown at above left.
Peter McSkimming, initially employed at Benhar pottery in 1882, begain operating the company himself wth completion of the new Hoffman Kiln in 1894.
The McSkimming toilet factory and kilns were located Benhar, South Otago, the site of the McSkimming brick & ceramics works where the company produced among other things, clay toilets.
The Benhar works closed in the early 1980's (by some accounts) or was bought by Ceramco, in turn bought by James Hardy (Fowlers) in 1987. In any event the McSkimming toilet factory was destroyed by fire in February 1990 and the toilet works moved production to Australia.
- Above image excerpted / adapted from TEARA, Video retrieved 9/18/14, original source: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/video/5254/clay-toilets
Low-Cost Toilet Designs & Sources
- Low cost toilets: Africa
- Morgan, Peter, "Toilets That Make Compost Low-cost, sanitary toilets that produce valuable compost for crops in an African context", Aquamor: Harare, Zimbabwe Stockholm Environment Institute EcoSanRes Programme 2007, Eco San Res, EcoSanRes Programme Stockholm Environment Institute Kräftriket 2B 10691 Stockholm SWEDEN Tel: +46 8 674 7070 Fax: +46 8 674 7020 Layout and Editing: Ian Caldwell Research and Communications Manager: Arno Rosemarin www.ecosanres.org, www.sei.se ISBN: ISBN 978-9-197-60222-8, Websites: http://www.ewb-usa.org/ and http://www.ecosanres.or
- Morgan, Peter, Steven Sugden, Robert Kampala, Boyce Nyirenda, Amos Chigwenembe, Loice Mkuzi and Shadrack
Chimanaginsasa, Mindi Stanford (Ed.), " Lessons from a low-cost ecological approach to sanitation in Malawi", Water & Sanitation Program, Contact : Peter Morgan [petlin04@yahoo.com] Andreas Knapp [aknapp@worldbank.org or wspaf@worldbank.org]
- Low cost toilets: Australia
- "Dry sanitation solutions", Elizabeth Scott Fiordland Medical Practice, Te Anau, New Zealand
- Low cost toilet: EAWG Aquatic Research
- The "Blue Diversion Toilet" (shown above) is a solar-powered unit providing for hand-washing as well as toilet facilities developed by EAWG.
The Blue Diversion toilet design is intended to provide low-cost toilet facilities for areas where water and sewer piping are not available. The toilet design has been tested in Nairobi where customers pay a fee (per use, weekly, monthly passes) and are operated as a franchise whose staff empty the waste containers, transporting waste to recycling facilities. Quoting from Eawg:
The Blue Diversion toilet, developed by Eawag - the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, together with the Vienna-based design firm EOOS, has been awarded the innovation prize for the best applied research by the International Water Association (IWA). The team is looking for an industrial partner and investors, so that Blue Diversion can be mass produced. - Eawag Überlandstrasse 133 P.O.Box 611 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland Ph. +41 (0)58 765 55 11 Fax +41 (0)58 765 50 28 info@eawag.ch
- The "Blue Diversion Toilet" (shown above) is a solar-powered unit providing for hand-washing as well as toilet facilities developed by EAWG.
- Low cost toilets: India:
- Gramalaya – Tiruchirapalli Low Cost Toilets in India (shown above, one of Gramalaya's designs, a pour flush latrine pit toilet), Gramalaya
C-62 B, 10th cross, Further West extension,
Near water tank,Thillainagar,
Tiruchirapalli - 620 018,
Tamilnadu,
India
Phone : +91-431-4021563, 2740263
Mobile : 094431 61263
Email: sdamodaran63@gmail.com, gramalaya@hotmail.com
This organization provides design specifications for a variety of low-cost toilets to meet a variety of environments including child friendly toilets.
Quoting:
Gramalaya has established a Toilet Technology cum Training Centre at its rural headquarters in the village of Kolakudipatti in Thottiam block, Tiruchi district. ... Gramalaya has been implementing for more than two a nd half decades various toilet technology depending on the terrain with the support of WaterAid and Water.org for the last 20 years. There are several designs and technologies available for installing a household type sanitary latrine. - Sulabh Shauchalaya: low-cost sanitation, Sulabh International Social Service Organization, Dr, Bindeshwar, Sulabh Bahwan, Mahavir Enclave, Palam Dabri Road, New Delhi 110 045, India, Tel: 91 11 555 4844
- Gramalaya – Tiruchirapalli Low Cost Toilets in India (shown above, one of Gramalaya's designs, a pour flush latrine pit toilet), Gramalaya
C-62 B, 10th cross, Further West extension,
Near water tank,Thillainagar,
Tiruchirapalli - 620 018,
Tamilnadu,
India
Phone : +91-431-4021563, 2740263
Mobile : 094431 61263
Email: sdamodaran63@gmail.com, gramalaya@hotmail.com
- Low Cost toilets: Mexico
- Clark G. (1997) Case study of dry sanitation in Morelos, Mexico,
http://www.nwnet.co.uk/ear
thwise/10articl/esac2.ht
- Clark G. (1997) Case study of dry sanitation in Morelos, Mexico,
http://www.nwnet.co.uk/ear
...
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Citations & References
In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
- Del Porto D. (2000) The Composting System Handbook, The EcoS
an Center, The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention,
http://www.cepp.
cc/ecosan.htmDel Porto D. (2000) The Composting System Handbook, The EcoS an Center, The Center for Ecological Pollution Prevention, http://www.cepp. cc/ecosan.html . Lachapelle P. (1995) A Report on human waste management in Mt Everest National Park, http://www.uvm.edu/~r lachape/toilets.html - Mara D. and Feachem R. (1980) Technical and public health aspects of low cost sanitation progra mme planning. Jour nal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83:229-240. Pacey A. (1978) Sanitation in Developing Countries.
- Oxfam and Ross Institute of Tropical Hygiene. Papaport D. (1995) Sewage pollution in Pacific island countries and how to prevent it. A report produced for Greenpeace Pacific, Center for Clean Development, http://www.uvm.edu/~rla chape/dev-pacis.html .
- Peasey A. (2000) Health aspects of dry sanitation with waste reuse. Well Studies in Water and Environment no 324, http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/
- "Story: Rock, limestone and clay Part of page 8 – Ceramics and pottery ", TEARA, The Enyclopedia of New Zealand, Video retrieved 9/18/14, original source: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/video/5254/clay-toilets, Te Ara, Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage, PO Box 5364, Wellington, New Zealand, Tel: +64 4 499 4229, Email: TeAra@mch.govt.nz
- [1] Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education including the ASHI-adopted a Home Inspection Home Study Course, and publications such as the Home Reference Book, the Home Reference eBook, and report writing materials including the Horizon report writer, and home inspect ion services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
- [2] 1991 ADA Standards for Accessible Design, U.S. Department of Justice, 28 CFR Part 36, Revised as of July 1, 1994, excerpts; web search 5/10/12, original source: http://www.ada.gov/stdspdf.htm [copy on file as ADA_Standards_1994.pdf]
- [3] Alliance for Water Efficiency, 300 W Adams Street, Suite 601
Chicago, Illinois 60606, Tel: 866-730-A4WE, Website: http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/ Quoting:
The Alliance for Water Efficiency is a stakeholder-based 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to the efficient and sustainable use of water. Located in Chicago, the Alliance serves as a North American advocate for water efficient products and programs, and provides information and assistance on water conservation efforts. - OSHA toilet standards: OSHA's sanitation standard for general industry, 29 CFR 1910.141(c)(l)(i), specifies that employers shall provide toilet facilities for their employees. Web-search 5/10/12, original source:
http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_id
=22932&p_table=INTERPRETATIONS - [4] Toilet Manufacturers' Product literature or websites were consulted for the following:
- American Standard brand toilets (illustrated in this article), includes these additional plumbing fixture & component brands: Jade, Porcher (see below), Crane Plumbing, Eljer, Fiat, American StandardsProSite, Safety Tubs, http://www.americanstandard-us.com/
- Atlas International brand toilets, Atlas USA, http://atlasusa.net/
- Barclay brand toilets, Barclay Products Limited, 4000 Porett Dr., Gurnee, IL 60031, 847-244-1234, website: http://www.barclayproducts.com/
- Caroma brand toilets, Caroma is Australian company; in Canada & the USA Tel: 800-605-4218, website: http://www.caromausa.com/
- Church Seats, [toilet seats only], http://www.churchseats.com/ - our photo (left) shows a church toilet seat installed.
- Circle City Copperworks 9325 Uptown Dr., Suite 500 Indianapolis, IN 46256-1079, sinks, other copper products, not toilets, website: http://www.circlecitycopperworks.com/
- Crane Plumbing - see American Standard Products, above
- Danze brand toilets, Tel: USA: 1-877-530-3344, Canada: 1-866-884-8841 http://www.danze.com/room_solutions.asp
- Eljer brand toilets, (e.g. Titan one-piece elongated bowl 16 1/8" ADA-compliant)
- Gerber brand toilets (e.g. Gerber Ultra Dual Flush elongated ErgoHeight DF-21-318 pressure-assisted 1.6 gallon flush unit.), USA: 1-866-538-5536 (9AM-6PM) Mon-Fri Canada: 1-866-884-8841 (8:30AM-5PM) Mon-Fri, http://www.gerberonline.com/default.aspx
- Glacier Bay brand toilets, [Home Depot brand] porcelain, made in china, top flush control low-water ADA-height unit shown in this article. Cf. Globe Union Industrial Company of Canada, China, elsewhere. Also see Pegasus, Danze, Gerber. Glacier Bay Faucets and sanitaryware, 2455 Paces Ferry Road NW, .Atlanta, Ga. 30339-4024, 800-220-3036. http://www.glacierbayfaucetsreview.com/
- Hastings Tile & Bath toilets, includes "hatbox" and wall mount sinks, bidets, & toilets, 30 Commercial Street Freeport, N. Y. 11520, Tel: (516) 379-3500. http://www.hastingstilebath.com,
- Herbeau Creations brand toilets, Herbeau Creations of America 3600 Westview Drive Naples, FL 34104, Tel: (800) 547-1608, (since 1857), http://www.herbeau.com/Products.aspx?Item=5501
- Inax brand toilets, 15 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011, Tel: 855-823-4434, http://www.inax-usa.com/gallery-ny/
- Jacuzzi brand toilets, Tel: 800-288-4002., website: http://www.jacuzzi.com/
- Jade, see American Standard Products, above
- Jemal Wright Bath Designs toilets, Brazil & USA, 3140 SW 19th St. #572, Hallandale FL 33009 USA, Tel: 305-915-0960, email: info@jemalwright.com, website: http://www.jemalwright.com/
- Kohler® brand toilets, Kohler Co. 444 Highland Drive Kohler, WI 53044, Tel 800-456-4537, Website http://www.kohler.com/corporate/index.html
- Laufen Ceramicware brand toilets, world wide, LAUFEN Bathrooms AG Wahlenstrasse 46 CH-4242 Laufen, USA: Laufen Bathrooms North America 11190 NW 25th Street Miami, FL 33172, Tel: Tel: +1 866.696.2493 / +1 305.357.6130, Website: http://www.laufen.com
- LeBijou brand toilets, - good luck finding this company or a home page for them - Ed.
- Mirabelle brand toilets (e.g. Key West MIRKW241ABS), showrooms in the U.S. & Canada, Email: info@mirabelleproducts.com, Website: http://www.mirabelleproducts.com/
- Nameek's brand toilets, 1561 Gehman Rd., Harleysville, PA 19438, Tel: (215) 256-4197, Website: http://www.nameeks.com/Bathroom/
- Neo-Metro Collection brand toilets, Neo-Metro 15125 Proctor Ave City of Industry CA 91746 U.S.A, Tel: 800.591.9050, Website: http://www.neo-metro.com
- Panasonic brand toilets, (e.g. Panasonic toilet bowl with warm water flush system for washing user beauty cabinet de toilette W moment-type pearl ivory DL-WD60-CP; also the Zaraku portable toilet - http://ex-blog.panasonic.co.jp/exhibition/en/2008/09/hcr08_400.html)
- Porcher brand toilets, originally a French brand, acquired by American Standard Companies in 1992, Website: http://www.porcher-us.com/
- ProFlo brand toilets (e.g. Proflo PFCT 103WH)
- Rapsel brand toilets,RAPSEL Spa Via Volta 13 - 20019 Settimo Milanese (MI), Italy Tel. 0039 02 3355981 Fax. 0039 02 33501306, Email: rapsel@rapsel.it Italian company, offices in Milan & New York, Website: http://www.rapsel.it/ or in the U.S. http://rapsel.wordpress.com/
- Samuel Heath brand toilets, US & UK, USA Customer Service 111 E. 39th St. 2R New York NY 10016, Tel: 212 599 5177, Email: usa@samuel-heath.com, or UK Head Office Samuel Heath & Sons plc Leopold Street Birmingham B12 0UJ, Tel: +44 121 766 4200, Email: info@samuel-heath.comWebsite: http://www.samuel-heath.com/
- Sterling brand toilets (e.g. Rockton S4020880), Sterling Plumbing 444 Highland Drive Kohler, WI 53044, Tel: 800-783-7546, Website: http://www.sterlingplumbing.com/
- St. Thomas Creations brand toilets, St. Thomas Creations 3A South Middlesex Avenue Monroe Township, New Jersey 08831 USA, Tel. (800) 536-BATH (800-536-2284) Fax (609) 655- 2421, Email: E-Mail: info@stthomascreations.com, Website: http://www.stthomascreations.com/
- Toto brand toilets (e.g. Toto Drake CST744S, Neorest Hybrid, ) Brazil & USA, TOTO USA, INC. 1155 Southern Road Morrow, Georgia 30260, Tel: 888-295-8134, Tel: 1-888-295-8134, Email: custservice@totousa.com techsupport@totousa.com, Website: http://www.totousa.com
- Villeroy & Boch Bath & Kitchen brand toilets, International, offices in Canada, Mexico, United States, Villeroy & Boch AG Corporate Headquarters P.O. Box 1120 D 66688 Mettlach, Phone +49 (0) 68 64 - 81 - 0, Website: http://www.villeroy-boch.com/, Company founded 1748.
- VitrA USA brand toilets, International, Brazil?, USA contact: Shawnee North Business Center 305 Shawnee North Drive Suite 600 Shawnee USA, Phone : +1 770 904 68 30 Fax : +1 770 904 68 91 www.vitra-usa.com, Website: http://usa.vitra.com.tr/
- Whitehaus Collection brand toilets, Whitehaus Collection - 589 Boston Post Rd. West Haven, CT 06516 USA, Tel: 800.527.6690, Email: info@whitehauscollection.com, Website: http://whitehauscollection.com
- [5] Wikipedia Web: https://www.wikipedia.org/ provided background information about some topics discussed at this website provided this citation is also found in the same article along with a " retrieved on" date. NOTE: because Wikipedia entries are fluid and can be amended in real time, we cite the retrieval date of Wikipedia citations and we do not assert that the information found there is necessarily authoritative.
- "Flush Toilet", web search 5/10/12, original source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flush_toilet#Tank_style_with_flapper-flush-valve
- "Japanese bidet toilet", web search 5/13/12, original source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_toilets
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- In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
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- Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes and to use illustrations from The ILLUSTRATED HOME .
Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services.
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