How to find hidden building mold - look in these oft-forgotten places.
This article provides suggestions for where else to look for mold in buildings - places that are often forgotten but places that can harbor significant toxic or allergenic mold reservoirs. The fact that mold is said by some inspectors to be "hidden" in buildings does not mean one cannot find it by careful inspection and testing. We look for mold in buildings where it is not obvious by using context: where do we see leak stains, or where do we see building practices most likely to have produced a hidden leak or moisture problem?
Ice dam leaks in walls, hidden plumbing leaks, roof spillage by the foundation, are all common clues that often track to a wet building wall or ceiling cavity and from there to a hidden mold problem which may need to be addressed. This procedure helps identify the presence of or locate the probable sources of mold reservoirs in buildings, and helps decide which of these need more invasive, exhaustive inspection and testing.
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There are many places to look for mold growth. Here are a few others that you might not have considered:
Here we provide a photo tour of mold which was hidden at least from some investigators and occupants, with photo and text tips on spotting problem mold in air conditioning systems, behind and under bath and other cabinets, mold under and in wall to wall carpeting, mold on stored paper files, file folders, and books, mold on, in, and under furniture, and mold behind wallpaper.
Photo of mold inside of a Florida Air Conditioning air handler unit - Mark Cramer, Tampa, FL.
Mold may be found growing on insulation or even on metal surfaces inside of an air handler unit, such as on the blades of the squirrel cage fan in the blower compartment.
Anywhere that house dust and debris are deposited on the surfaces of an HVAC system we may find mold growth - that's because house dust contains lots of skin cells and often other organic debris that can support fungal growth.
But mold growth in an air handler or air duct is more likely where moisture is present at problematic levels, such as where condensate is blowing onto the fan assembly or duct interior when it should be captured and drained away by the condensate drain system.
So also look for mold inside of ductwork or air handler sections that are downstream in the air pathway from the blower assembly itself.
And pay particular attention to air handler equipment or ductwork that has been wet from leaks, condensate leaks, or other moisture sources such as building flooding.
Photos of mold behind a bathroom vanity cabinet base - shower water leaked across the bath floor, under the vanity, and into the wall cavity.
This was a small mold cleanup area, less than 10 sq .ft. and suitable for handling by a homeowner or handyman. The second photo shows the extent of mold after the cabinet was removed.
When we rebuilt this bathroom, since the tile floor slopes slightly down from tub towards the vanity base, as precautions against future mold growth we sealed all of the new vanity underside surfaces to reduce moisture and thus mold growth, and we caulked the vanity carefully at the floor level to prevent water from passing below.
The previously-hidden toxic black mold (Aspergillus niger) shown in this photograph was found beneath a built-in bathroom storage drawer - shower water leaked across the bath floor, under the built-in, and into the wall cavity. I found this incompletely cleaned area during a post-remediation mold clearance inspection and test.
This was a small mold cleanup area, less than 10 sq .ft. and suitable for handling by a homeowner or handyman had there not already been a costly mold remediation project at this property. In this case the remediator returned to complete the work.
Failing to simply pull out a drawer to look into the built-in cavity is an indication of superficial workmanship on a mold cleanup job. Here is a mold test lab photo of Pen/Asp spore chains that we had found in our mold clearance inspection sample of settled dust taken near this bathroom.
Here is a mold test lab photo of the actual Aspergillus niger colony sample I collected from the pine tongue and groove subflooring in the moldy area shown above - this is a probable source of the spore chain found in our screening sample.
Hidden mold in and under wall to wall carpeting is notorious and widespread in areas which have been subject to wet conditions such as basements or floors on leaky slabs.
My photo (above) shows moldy carpet tack strips which confirms a history of water entry and makes the carpeting highly suspect of serving as a problem mold reservoir.
(We tested the carpeting further using a special vacuum mold test method.)
The photo above shows clean carpet tack strips, indicating that at least since this wall to wall carpeting has been installed there has been no water below the carpet in this area, and suggesting that the risk of mold in this carpeting is low.
Of course mold may be visible on the surface of carpeting too, such as in this closet.
In this case we suspected that the visible carpet mold was the "tip of an iceberg" of hidden mold below.
Paper files and documents and file folders, even stored in metal file cabinets, can become quite moldy when left in a damp basement. In these photos the file cabinet was never itself wet, but the floor beneath it had been wet several times leading to extensive mold growth on these law office files.
There are procedures for cleaning and salvaging moldy books and paper files, but the cost is high, making it appropriate only in special circumstances such as the preservation of works of art or valuable books or historic papers.
Upholstered furniture can be quite moldy if it has been exposed to flooding (photos above).
Only in unusually severe circumstances will upholstered furniture be visibly moldy.
Don't forget to look on the underside of couches, tables, and chairs, especially since the un-finished but hidden surfaces such as raw wood under a table or cabinet more easily take up moisture and support mold growth.
The condition of the moldy green chair in the photo (left), from a lakefront cottage in Elk Lake Michigan, was pretty obvious after it had spent a decade in the damp cottage.
Moldy furniture like this must either be discarded or stripped to its bare frame for cleaning before reupholstering.
Remember to use your light (as we describe here and in other articles) to look along finished wood surfaces as often light colored problem mold is hard to see but may be quite extensive.
Building wallpaper may include problematic molds such as Aspergillus sp. and Stachybotrys in areas subject to leaks such as below the window in the condominium in New Jersey, or in bathrooms where wallpaper was applied.
We suspected mold and convinced our daughter to peel down the wallpaper below this window because she had told us that there had been a history of wind-blown rain leaks at this particular opening.
Also see MOLD in BUILDINGS and
see MOLD GROWTH on SURFACES for an index of what mold genera/species are frequently found on various building surfaces and materials
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