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a sloping bank mound system installed across a natural drainage cachment, an area where where we found effluent breakout at the ends of the septic mound - evidence of a failed septic leach field (C) Daniel FriedmanSeptic / Sewage Pathogen Hazard Lasting Time
How long will sewage contaminants: soil & bacterial pathogens from sewage spills or septic system failures last in soil?

 

This article addresses the question: how long do septic or sewage bacteria or pathogens last in or on the ground after sewage has leaked onto the ground surface from a septic tank or sewer backup?

Page top photo: pointing to an area where septic effluent was found on the ground surface at a private home septic soakaway bed or leachfield.

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- Daniel Friedman, Publisher/Editor/Author - See WHO ARE WE?

Septic Tank & Drainfield Failure or Sewage Spill Pathogens In / On Soil

Septic dye stains pre-existing septic breakout in the wet area of a yard downslope from th septic soak beds (C) Daniel Friedman

On 2023-09-05 by Lorraine - How long will there be Health Hazards from Septic or Sewage Leaks or Spills that Contaminated Soil?

I live on a property that belongs to an elderly man. He lives in an apartment inside a large metal shop, and I live in a large motorhome.

He started having trouble with his septic about 3 years ago and instead of having the sewage back up into his sink or shower he just took off the clean out cap,( I think that's what he called it) and that way his sewage would just run out onto the ground instead.

[Click to enlarge any image]

He left it like that for about 2 years. It took another 6 months or more to have it taken care of. The ground was being saturated with the sewage daily and my motorhome is approximately 30 ft away from where it came out.

Although they fixed it, they did nothing for clean up.

My questions are: with the prolonged amount of time it was soaking into the ground, and without clean up, is it STILL a hazard to a person's health?

AND could it have got into the well water?

Also before anything is said about why didn't I just move, let me say that I survive on a fixed income and I would end up being homeless, like so many people are today, Believe me, I would of moved long ago if it was possible.

My health was very poor before I moved here but this has made it so much worse.
Thank you for your time,
Lorraine

This Q&A were posted originally at SEWAGE CONTAMINATION FAQs 

On 2023-09-05 by InspectApedia Publisher (mod) - variables affect how long sewage/septic-contaminated soil is hazardous

@Lorraine,

Bottom line:

With no information at all about your location, site, soil properties, well-to-septic distance, drainage directions, nor time since the spillage ceased etc. we can not give a "safe" answer to the question of "how safe is my yard after a septic spill".

About the well contamination question: in general, if the well at your property was located the required distance from the septic system AND if the shape of or slope of the ground didn't send sewage towards the well, then the risk that the septic discharged has contaminated your water well is probably low.

Please continue reading to understand the information needed to get a "safe" answer to your questions.

For other readers: What "sewage contaminants" are we talking about? Bacteria, coliform, E-coli, other bacteria commonly found in and are test markers for sewage, and other harmful viruses that may be expected in sewage. So there can be other serious pathogens (disease-causing organisms) in sewage as well, as you'll see listed in some of the references for this article.

Sewage also may contain parasites (such as roundworms or hookworms).

Depending on what people have flushed into a septic system, sewage discharge can contain other chemical contaminants, heavy metals, and other organic and inorganic contaminants that can be a hazard to the health of people and animals in the area.

How long after septic/sewage has been spilled onto the ground surface does that soil remain hazardous?

Just how long sewage or septic overflow contaminants last in soil depends on quite a few variables, so we can't give an exact answer to your question of how long surface sewage contaminated soil remains hazardous.

Factors Affecting How Long Sewage Contaminants Last in Soil

So key to even guessing at an answer to your question is the number of days, weeks, months, or years that have passed since the septic outflow problem was fixed?

Time Range Estimates for Sewage Contaminated Soil Surfaces to Recover

While there are exceptions, at least some experts think that within 2-3 months after sewage contaminants have been spread by area flooding the level of enteric bacterial hazards will be significantly reduced. (U.S. CDC 2001)

Similarly, some sewage contaminants in soil can last for at least 100 days, (and possibly longer depending on the type of soil, the amount of rainfall since the contamination source stopped, and other factors). (Burge 2011)

Other sources that we reviewed for this article assert that sewage contaminants can remain in soil for years under some conditions (though expert source citations were not given for that claim - Ed.)

But keep in mind that the concentration of sewage and sewage pathogens being spread by floodwaters is likely to be very much more diluted than raw sewage spills or effluent escaping from a burst sewer line or failed septic system.

So when estimating the safety of soil surfaces after a significant volume and area of raw sewage escape onto a ground surface, we think that a longer period of restricted use is probably safer.

If a year or more has passed since the problem was fixed and provided there has been adequate rainfall, the surface soil is not likely to be hazardous to people simply walking over the area or perhaps sitting on outdoor furniture over such an area.

Watch out: however, soil dust from soils previously contaminated with sewage pathogens may remain hazardous for much longer if it is significantly disturbed, such as during excavation for the installation of a replacement septic drainfield.

See those details at SEPTIC TANK / FIELD INSTALLATION HEALTH HAZARDS

Is the water well contaminated by septic tank failure and sewage?

With no other information about your case, the best answer is simply to have your well water tested.

While there are many potential contaminants, the standard starting point is to have the water tested for coliform bacteria.

That test is quite inexpensive and easy to obtain.

Details are at

BACTERIA TEST GUIDE

Is the ground where septic or sewage previously spilled safe to walk on?

A general answer, that might not be accurate for your case (where we have no information), is that if a year or more have passed and you live in an area where there has been rainfall, the ground surface is likely to be safe to walk on.

Even if sewage contamination was more recent, if you're not walking barefoot there is little chance that you're picking up dangerous levels of sewage contaminants simply by walking over the ground. Wear shoes.

And I'd add a third question:

Is it safe to eat fruits or vegetables grown in soil where there has been sewage or septic contamination?

That is answered at GARDENS NEAR SEPTICS

Watch out: not only are septic/sewage pathogens in raw sewage or sewage-wet soil dangerous, even dust from dry soils that have been contaminated with sewage, such as dust raised during septic system excavation, can be dangerous, even fatal!

That hazard is discussed separately

at SEPTIC TANK / FIELD INSTALLATION HEALTH HAZARDS

Question: what do we do about sewage found in our yard

Evidence of sewage backup outdoors near a drain line cleanout (C) InspectApedia.com PGWe did not know that the sewage was backing up out of pipe into the yard. (Pictures at bottom).

When we found out we used rubber gloves and heavy duty trash bags to pick up used toilet paper and waste as much as we could. We cannot afford to have a plumber or someone come out to cleanup.

How can we cleanup? What can we use or buy to cleanup? Where can we buy products? Just wondering, what could be the problem causing this backup?

Please advise as soon as possible both my husband and I are unemployed and do odd jobs when available. - Anonymous by private email 2017/04/19

Reply:

Once you've cleaned up obvious sewage, paper, waste, there's not more that's likely to be appropriate nor needed outdoors; rain and time and soil bacteria should be sufficient PROVIDED that the source of the backup is repaired.

From your photo I see what looks like sewage backed up out of a white PVC drain line cleanout, but I'm not sure - it could also be an access to a septic tank or even a point in a septic drainfield.

If the pipe is connected to a public sewer than the drain line past that point has clogged and needs to be cleared - by hiring a plumber with a power auger or renting a drain cleaning tool. Keep in mind that if the clog is because the sewer pipe is broken then unclogging it won't suffice: the damaged section of piping will need to be dug up and repaired.

If the pipe is connected to a septic tank then the tank or drainfield is backing up or has failed.

If the septic system has failed or a sewer pipe is broken or clogged, the problem needs to be found and fixed. Otherwise the backup will continue and worse, it may back up into your home causing more costly and risky damage.

Watch out: before attempting any of the septic/sewage soil contamination remedies listed here be sure to consult with your local health department for advice about what steps make sense for your situation and to find who in your geographic area has the necessary expertise.

  1. Diagnose and then Fix the cause of sewage / septic backup or discharge

    Start at CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR if drains in the building are slow or backing up

    If you think your house drains are not blocked,

    see CLOGGED DRAIN vs SEPTIC PROBLEM

    And then be sure to

    read SEPTIC FAILURE CRITERIA for help in determining if in fact the septic system has failed
  2. Soil disinfection treatment using chemicals or bioremediation may be appropriate for some septic/sewage spills onto the soil at your building.

    Keep in mind that naturally-occurring aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are found in most soils and are relied on to process and break down biological contaminants in normal sewage effluent discharged into a septic drainfield, mound system or soakbed.

    For modest septic/sewage surface spills those bacteria may be enough.

    The most common and readily available "disinfectant" used on sewage spills is garden lime that is applied, left in the liquid discharge area until it has dried, then collected (raking & shoveling) and bagged for disposal.

    We list some microbial cleaners for sewage in the references section of this article.
  3. Removal of sewage contaminated soil may be appropriate for some sewage / septic spills that left considerable sewage on the ground surface.

    You may need help from both an excavation contractor and an approved waste hauler.
  4. Burying sewage contaminated soil by addition of fresh clean soil fill can be an alternative to steps 2 or 3 above for some situations, provided the terrain shape and surface drainage control permit the addition of clean fill.

    In this case, the contaminated soil that's buried should be left undisturbed to permit breakdown of those contaminants that can be broken down by soil bacteria or diluted over time by natural rainfall and snow-melt.
  5. Thermal desorption of sewage contaminated soil

    Rarely applicable to residential sewage spill is thermal desorption that heats sewage-contaminated soil, then returns it to the site.

 

Septic System / Sewer Spills or Outflows onto the Ground: Hazard Research

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Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above

Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.

Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs

On 2021-04-02 by danjoefriedman (mod) - worries if a septic tank is leaking

@David Edwards,

If the septic tank is leaking sewage out around itself I am worried

1- that there is a health hazard to people at that property

2- a local code violation

3- worse, that the septic drainfields are in failure and are backing up into and leaking out of the septic tank

So it's worth understanding exactly what's going on: have the tank pumped and inspected.

First concern: safety: be sure there's a safe cover and that no one can fall into the septic tank.

On 2021-04-02 by David Edwards

We have a home approximately 50 yo. About 1 1/2 yrs ago I dug a hole on the receiving side of septic tank to check if the 4" (I think) PVC pipe I replaced a few yrs prior was not leaking into the dirt on receiving side. As I dug the 2'x2' hole it filled with water rather quickly.

Ever since the entire surface (the size of the tank even alittle bigger) has stayed filled with sewage, I've only seen feeces a couple times (the frogs love it..ha).

I have always assumed it was collapsed or worn out fill lines. In the summer you can see the greener and faster growing grass...

but it appears to only be maybe 40' worth in a J shape..and to make it worse it is in the front yard. Today I pushed a thin metal rod into the place I thought fill line might be and it went down about 24-26" with barely any resistance. I dug a hole there with post hole diggers..

The hole began to fill with water at about 15" or so...

I dug the hole about 2' deep and the hole is about half full of water. Although the water doesn't appear to be sewage. So I probably didn't hit the fill line, or I didn't dig deep enough.

I then moved away from from anywhere near the fill line about 10' and dug another hole and hit water at around 15". So my question is do you think fill line is no longer doing its job or is the yard saturated (it did rain a good bit last week and the ditch in front yard by the road which is only 30' from tank and 10' from part of the fill line where green is greener continues to hold water still today.

I never see it moving water either..there is also a Bradford pear tree next to ditch with some noticeable roots). Or could it be both?

I'm sorry for such a long and slightly confusing question but I don't know what my next step should be. I don't have 7 or 8k to spend on it considering I haven't worked since covid-19 hit. Thank you for taking the time to read this...I really appreciate it.
David

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