Building plumbing system installation, inspection, troubleshooting & repair questions and answers.

These plumbing repair articles answer nearly all questions about diagnosing and repairing building plumbing systems, including water supply and drain piping, vent piping, gas and oil piping in buildings, plumbing fixtures, water heaters, water pumps, water pressure, water softeners, water testing, water treatment equipment, water wells, and septic systems.

We also explain oil tanks, water tanks as well as other building plumbing system inspection or defect topics.

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Plumbing System Diagnosis and Repair Guides

These questions & answers about building plumbing systems were posted originally

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INDEX to RELATED ARTICLES: ARTICLE INDEX to PLUMBING SYSTEMS

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Question: air coming out of faucets

(Nov 8, 2011) jeannette said:

when i turn the water on, it has good steady pressure until the pump turns on. when the pump cuts on, it starts sounding like a coffee pot making coffee(sounds stupid, but, the best way to describe). air starts comming out of the line along with water. any clue whats going on?

Reply:

Jeannette,

please see our diagnostic suggestions for air discharge at plumbing fixtures at

AIR DISCHARGE at FAUCETS, FIXTURES

Question: plumbing odour troubleshooting

(Apr 23, 2012) Cliff said:

we live in the country. Gimli. Our breaker with the pressure pump and delhi does not shut of. It just keeps running. We now have switched the breaker off. We therefore would like to know what could possibly be the problem. Is it the switch?? or loss of pressure in tank? or a water problem.

(May 29, 2012) Anonymous said:

plumber installed a new toto toilet urine smell coming out of toilet sewer gas smell coming out of pipes under bathroom sink plumber put in new downward vent didn't help either smell what needs to be done?

Reply:

Anon: diagnosing toilet urine and sewer gas smells:

At ODORS IN WATER you will also find a live link to the more-broad topic:

ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE - topic home, where we provide several diagnostic guides to tracking down and curing odors at their source. For the case you describe, and with no other information, I'd start by

1. a thorough deodorizing cleaning of all surfaces around the toilet to eliminate any confusion, then

2. there should be no odors coming out of pipes below a sink - as those pipes should not have any leaks whatsoever, so check or re-make any questionable drain, trap, or similar connections there;

3. make sure you've accurately traced the odor to its source - it could be a bad wax ring seal at the toilet, for example.

Question:

(Jan 28, 2013) john said:

looking at a house for sale and noticed that when they built an addition, the kitchen sink cleanout was not moved and thus now inside the house! is this okay? Fyi I'm in California

Reply:

John,

It is common for plumbing cleanouts to be located inside a building.

Question:

(Mar 15, 2013) Dean said:

Got a leak fixed in my house and the central heating hasn't worked properly since it comes on some days and not on other days can anyone help the plumber hasn't a clue

Reply:

Dean,

Search INspectAPedia for

Air Bound Heat

to see a possible cause and cure for the problem you describe.

Question: water pressure troubleshooting

(Mar 19, 2013) Rick said:

I have a well system in my house. Recently have begun to have pressure loss in the system. Ex. If i flush the first floor water closet the sink righf next to it does not have full pressure or volume. This will hapen elseware in the house also.
The pressure tank is a goulds pumps v60, 20 gal. 30/50 pressure settings.

If test the air pressure it is at the reccomended psi. 28/50.
If shake the tank with the punp off and system drained I do here water inside.

It takes about 15 sec. For the level to drop to turn the pump on and about 30 sec for it to recover. I took that data while running the washing machine. Which is right next the tank.

The tank is about 8 yrs old. There is no water or air coming from the shrader valve.

Thoughts??.

Reply:

Rick,

Let's try to clear up pressure vs flow. When no water is running, the static pressure, read on a pressure gauge, in your water system will be somewhere between 30 psi (the cut-in pressure) and 50 psi (the cut out pressure on your system).

The flow rate, in gallons per minute that you observe at an individual fixture, depends not just on the system pressure but also the diameters of all of the pipes in the supply circuit. If, for example, water pipes are partly clogged, you'll notice that the flow rate will be reduced.

If we run water fast enough or at enough fixtures such that the well pump runs continuously, then the pressure and flow we will see at those fixtures depends on the piping (diameter, length, number of bends, obstructions, friction losses) and the ability of the pump to send up water at a given pressure and flow rate.

Click on WATER PRESSURE LOSS DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR - home - to read how to diagnose and fix problems with water pressure or flow.

(Mar 19, 2013) Rick said:

Well I understand what your saying. I guess my point is that this has just started happening a few weeks ago. I have not changed anything in the system nor had any other issues. With pipes or faucets. My concern is my pressure tank. Confused with the psi being ok but hearing water in it.

Reply:

Rick,

We're not giving up. But to be clear, the pressure tank does not provide much by way of water pressure.

The pressure is provided by the pump or in municipal supply, the pressure in the water mains.

When we see pretty good pressure at a single fixture - say a faucet - and water pressure falls off significantly when a second fixture is running, usually that points to pipe clogging.

But if your complaint came on suddenly it makes sense to look elsewhere - even a partly closed supply valve could explain your observation.

Question: knocking sounds in plumbing system

(Mar 12, 2014) Steve O said:

Hi. My home is about 14 years old and yesterday while I was in the basement I heard what sounds like someone knocking on the wall. This is coming in the vicinity of the drain pipes (PVC) that come from the second floor of the house. This went on for around two hours. A knock here followed by half a dozen a few seconds later.

It eventually quit doing this and did not reoccur until the second half of the day.

Today, the same thing happened but it stopped much quicker. I flushed a toilet in the basement around noon on the opposite side of the basement and now it has started again. What could be causing this? HELP!!!

Reply:

Steve,

Please search InspectApedia (you can use the Search box just above) for

Water Hammer

And check out that diagnostic article.

I suspect that's what's going on at your home.

Water hammer is caused by water moving at velocity through building piping; I've found that banging pipes can get started and then continue for a while as water continues to run somewhere, affected further by the security of pipe supports as vibration can make pipe bang on their mount points as well.

Question:

(Sept 9, 2014) Phil Putnam said:

Is the new "Pex" water line latex free?

Reply:

yes

Question: pipe clogs after work on well

(Oct 5, 2014) Martha Metter said:

we had a well company come out and fix a cracked pipe at the head of the well. They said they raised the pump at least 5 feet or more and cut off a section of pipe.

They dropped the pump into the well bottom more than several times. 3 days ago the water in house spewed heavy sediment from every faucet and shower/toilet etc.

Then clogged up everything. I called the well co. back, they came out and told me I need to get a plumber in here to flush out the pipes. How do we get the sediment out of our pipes, and is this the well companies responsibility to pay for the work?

Reply:

Martha,

A plumber will open strainers, remove shower heads, etc. to help flush debris from the system. It might be necessary to partly drain tanks such as a water heater or pressure tank as well, of course change any water filters afterwards.

I can't address the question of who pays for this work as I cannot assess responsibility. Any work on a well, even if nothing unusual happens during the job, might stir up debris from the well bottom.

Question:

(Oct 17, 2014) Gfgayle said:

We live in a suburban home that is furnished by a water plant system. Lately, the water has been coming out very erratically. It comes as though I was turning the faucet on and off very quickly. Can you recommend any corrections?

(Oct 24, 2014) Anonymous said:

We have a restaurant and have replaces all the plumbing in the place, but now we have a strong sewage smell in the build. Where did we go wrong.

(Oct 24, 2014) Frances said:

We have an old restaurant and recently we replaced all the plumbing, but now we have a strong sewage smell in the build and can't seem to find the source. Please help.

(Oct 29, 2014) Terry said:

When the toilet is flushed water splashes up, appears to be releasing air, out of the bowl sometimes so strong it goes onto the floor?

Reply:

Terry that sounds like a blocked drain

Question: can't keep good pressure at faucets

11/11/2014 Ryan said:

I put in a new jet pump and pressure tank set to its proper settings for the pump and installed a new check valve before the pump. I can't keep pressure at any of my faucettes

Reply:

Ryan check out the water pressure diagnostic procedures beginning at

WATER PRESSURE LOSS DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR

Question: noisy flush toilet

(Nov 18, 2014) m shabbir said:

The draiage bad smell in office feeling at evening time or at any time
while there is no any toilet and water supply and drainage system
.

The office area is 10*10m2 .

(Nov 23, 2014) Paul said:
my parents have a new 1-2 flush toilet and at night it makes a noise like it was just flushed,I think there is air getting in somewhere,please help.Thanks

Reply:

Paul

I suspect that the flush valve is leaking slowly into the toilet bowl. Eventually the toilet fill control figures that the cistern or tank is too low and goes through a re-fill cycle.

Question:

(Dec 16, 2014) Bob said:
I have a problem with air in my system..air bubbles in the water, bursts of air, and a pump that hunts when it starts and as it is pressurizing.

The pump shuts off at 55 psi, and then fairly quickly falls back to about 39 psi, and then seems to stop

. The water for the system is pumped out of a lake.

There is a foot valve in the lake, and a check valve at the pump.I have two bladder tanks, but both ring hollow when I tap them. The only other things in the system are a string filter, a carbon filter ,and a UV filter.

I suspect that I am losing pressure back though the check valve and foot valve, but am a little mystified as to why the pressure drops so quickly to about 39 psi, and then basically hangs there.

The pump does not seem to cycle more frequently than it ever did. Any suggestions? Great web site by the way. It helped me understand how to set up my system pressures when I put it in.

Reply:

Bob

Please try the diagnostics at

inspectapedia.com/water/Air_Discharge_at_Faucet.php

and let us know how you succeed

(Dec 17, 2014) Anonymous said:
Hello again:

After reviewing the different possibilities, I think that the most likely cause is a leak back through the check and foot valves. I changed the pump out last spring but used the same check valve.

The pump that I replaced had some hard deposits in it.

I checked all of the fittings I could think to check and tapped the check valve while the pump was drawing to see if possibly there were loose deposits preventing a good seal. I do the trick I'll try replacing the check valve.

Reply: that sounds reasonable

(Dec 20, 2014) Anonymous said:
After a couple of days, the air in the system has decreased.

Either I tightened a loose connection or tapping the check valve helped.I'll keep an eye on it for now. there is still some air, but it might still be clearing out. Thanks again for your help and for this site.

Bob

Reply:

Thanks for the feedback. Indeed on water systems I've occasionally found air entering the pressure tank and piping at a slightly-leaky plastic line connection between well and pump; we could see the air showing up as bubbles in the clear plastic that contained the water filter.

On tightening the hose clamps and adding a second clamp at two suspicious fittings the air entry stopped.

Question: heater to prevent well line freezing

23 Feb 2015 Fran said:
Is there a heater for a submersible well pump to prevent line from freezing

Reply:

Fran there are drain-back systems that can prevent the well line from freezing and depending on which well line section is freezing, outdoor (or indoor if it's inside) rated heat tapes might suffice.

We discuss well line freeze protection at

SNIFTER & DRAIN BACK VALVES

And pump protection devices at

WATER PUMP PROTECTION SWITCH

Question: water leaking from a door frame - bathroom overhead

(Mar 5, 2015) Marty said:
I have water leaking from a door frame in my 1st floor apt. There is a bathroom on the 2nd floor directly above mine.

For the past two weeks I have been trying to pinpoint where the water is coming from. It does not show up immediately sometimes it takes a week before water drips from the door frame.

I am trying to isolate by using one thing at a time in the 2nd floor bathroom. My plumber and I are stumped as to where the water is coming from.

We are now ONLY flushing the tiolet to see if that is the source of the water dripping down.

I have also ONLY used the shower/tub to see if the water is coming from when we use the shower/tub. It has been such a mystery to understand where water would be coming from that could seep into a door frame and drip down. Any advice, information, insight, or suggestions.

Reply:

See LEAK TYPES, WATER SUPPLY or DRAIN PIPES 

for some suggestions on tracking down just this sort of problem.

Please let me know what you find after talking a look at that article.

Question: need to get more hot water upstairs

(Mar 10, 2015) jackie dunadee said:
I cannot get hot water upstairs ,I get real hot water downstairs with no problem but now with ababy ,I want to bath him in tub upstairs . I have a half bath down with shower and full bath upstairs,any suggestions?

Reply:

Jackie,

If the water never gets hot I suspect that there is a plumbing connection problem.

If there is no water at all I suspect a blockage or a closed valve.

If you find that water ultimately gets hot after running a long time, the solution may be to add insulation to the water pipes.

Don't scald the baby.

On 2016-10-31 19:46:47.104856 by (mod) -

Sounds like a bad idea to me, Chris.

If a well casing is leaking into the well then surface water or runoff is leaking into the well - those waters are virtually always un-sanitary. The right repair is to find and fix the leak into the casing and then to sanitize the well.

On 2016-10-30 02:34:54.222348 by chris cumberland

20 ft.down my well casing water is leaking into casing.looks clean,i plan on pumping it into my home.is this a bad thing ? well is only 40 ft. deep.

On 2016-09-16 14:20:58.793111 by andrew

thankyou yery much for having this information available.

On 2016-09-12 20:08:30.142114 by (mod) - no water comes out until I turn the handle beyond about 1/8th of a turn

I think there are a couple of points here, Dave.

1. The 1/4 turn, provided nothing is loose in the assembly, may be simply un-compressing the faucet washer - so it may not be a problem. Just double check that the screw holding the washer in place is snug.

2. Water hammer occurs as a feature of the velocity of water moving through piping along with opening size and thus flow rates. Your repair may have changed the opening size and thus flow rate.
Did you use a replacement washer of the very same size and shape as the original one?

Some faucet washers are flat while others have a dome shape; the cone or convex side of the dome faces towards the opening that is to be closed when the valve is closed, or in other words the smaller diameter area of the top of the dome shape will be under the screw securing the washer in place, not against the body of the valve stem.

Washers vary in thickness even when the diameter is the same; you may fix the problem by changing the washer thickness.

Those suggestions pertain particularly if water hammer happens ONLY when the repaired faucet is being opened.

Chances are if you open the faucet a bit more or less the water hammer may stop but that's not a great solution.

Instead search InspectApedia.com

for WATER HAMMER NOISE DIAGNOSE & CURE - home to see how to diagnose and cure the problem.

On 2016-09-12 19:41:04.425011 by Dave

I replaced a faucet stem (faucet stem part# 2K-3H) and the faucet washers on an American Standard style 2 handle bathroom faucet yesterday

. When I reinstalled the faucet stems and turned on the water, the handle on the hot water side turns but no water comes out until I turn the handle beyond about 1/8th of a turn, and when I turn the water off again, there is a "water hammer" sound that comes from the faucet.

And sometimes the water turns on and off as the handle is rotated while in the on position. What can I do to correct this problem?

On 2016-07-10 15:39:38.094486 by (mod) -

Tracy,

Large amounts of sediment would more likely be due to low water in the well or a damaged well casing than to having shocked the well.

Your check valve experience suggests that the foot valve in the well is not working - a source of loss of well pump prime.

Low water "pressure" at all fixtures is probably low flow, not low pressure, as your tank shows 50 psi which is pretty good. I suspect that there is debris clogging in the piping system somewhere.

The rotten egg smell sounds like a bacteria or sulphur problem in your system, perhaps in the water supply.

Search InspectApedia.com for SULPHUR ODOR IN WATER to read about that problem.

Search InspectApedia.com for LOSS OF WATER PRESSURE to read steps in diagnosing and fixing that problem.

A possible relation between shocking the well and the problems you cite now might be having run so much water to flush out the bleach that you exhausted the well.

On 2016-07-09 22:49:26.700230 by Tracy

I recently shocked my private dug well with bleach, flushed throughout the system by turning on all taps. Ended up with a large amount of sediment coming out of the taps which took about a day to clear but now I have low water pressure (water flow) at all fixtures.

We replaced the pressure control switch and the pressure gauge, checked the pressure tank at the schraeders valve to ensure it was 2 PSI below the cut off pressure (30/50) and everything checks out.We also checked the filter and cleaned it out so it's no longer clogged with sediment.

The pump is cutting in at the appropriate pressure, the pressure tank is holding pressure at 50.

We did end up installing a check valve at the water supply just before the pressure tank as we had an issue with short cycling it seemed the water was draining back down to the well and the pressure tank couldn't hold pressure.

We figured the check valve at the pump was clogged or damaged due to the increased sediment; the new check valve seems to have cured that.

But we are still left with low water flow at all fixtures (cleaned all aerators too). I'm hoping someone can help me figure this out. I feel like a putz because everything was fine until we shocked our well to get rid of a rotten egg/wet dog smell but it's come back and now we are left another problem.

Any help is much appreciated!

On 2016-06-09 21:48:42.497548 by (mod) -

If you mean cracked porcelain, perhaps so. Or intense heat followed by soaking during extinguishment.

On 2016-06-09 19:25:26.654344 by Anonymous

Can intense heat from a fire cause a toilet to burst?

On 2016-05-04 17:35:38.645851 by (mod) -

Perhaod, but I've never had much success with those attempts. The problem is more likely with hard exfoliating corrosion build up in galvanized iron pipes.

If a cast iron or galvanized pipe us so corroded as to block itself, even if you could remove the blockage you'd have lost so much metal that the piping is not reliable. I'd replace the bad sections.

On 2016-05-04 14:50:35.672983 by lfurlow@cox.net

Can cast iron drain pipes that are obstructed by rust to a 3/4 inch opening be cleared by reaming, drilling, etc. without re-piping?

On 2016-04-27 08:56:00.368086 by Lance

new 3/4" red and blue plastic pipes that was replaced copper 1/2" and steal that was 15 to 30 years old. good hose and bath pressure. but low pressure at toliet and sink pressure.

1/2" for 3' at sink but low pressure except for 3rd line for sink. higher pressure and flow at any temp.

at fusit 1/3 pressure and fill time for a gallen of water. tolit tends to stop up during work hours. looking for a pressure pump at low cost to add pressure and help with a 2nd floor gaurge apt.

Also use the same type for recycle hot water through hot water pipes and use in floor heat in winter bath room 3' area around bath floor. all I said is easy for me.(jack of all master none). thous my pressure problem.

On 2016-04-22 20:46:28.037595 by (mod) -

So 57, if I'm right that you have cold water and no hot water flow we know that the blockage is at some point between the cold feed into the water heater and the plumbing fixtures where hot is turned on.

If there is no hot water at any fixtures then we can figure the blockage is between the same starting point and the first point in the hot water supply piping where the supply from the water heater branches off to feed more than one fixture.

You say that the problem is intermittent and follows use of the irrigation system. That system is surely using only cold water.

You think it's air-lock but you never see air discharge from fixtures.

From these clues I suspect that air binding is not the problem (though I admit I'm arm-waving and speculating).

Rather I suspect something like this: when running the irrigation system the in-building water pressure drops significantly.

You could, depending on how pipes and pumps are arranged to irrigate, even be creating a vacuum in house water piping - for example if an irrigation pump sucks water so fast that water is drawn from not only the well but also from the building supply piping system.

IF you had backflow preventers or checkvalves in the system those would prevent house water from ever flowing backwards out of the building.

But sudden or significant pressure drops in the house system MIGHT cause a checkvalve to stick, or might cause a bit of debris (say a chunk of plastic from a failed pvc dip tube in a water heater) to get sucked against the water heater outlet.

Either of those could partly or even fully block water output, and either might suddenly "correct itself" if the pressure into the house piping system then turned around and increased.

I don't have a clear understanding of your water system: is it all private well supply? Are there check valves and backflow preventers? Am I right that you've never seen air discharge anywhere when water flow returns or at other times?

It would be informative to install (or observe existing) pressure gauges on your system at a couple of key points, but particularly at the house side of your water pump and at the water heater (maybe a portable gauge on the heater tank drain valve).

What are the gauges reading during the good and bad hot water flow conditions?

On 2016-04-22 17:41:10.325213 by 57

Thanks!! That's the curious part, there's no valves going in or out of HW heater, it's a straight cPVC connection. I feel no air or sputtering comes out of faucet when there's no hot water, just nothing there.

Is there any way that the irrigation system is pushing air in/out when it's turns on/off? Could there be a leak or something somewhere in the irrigation system that would increase the pressure enough to push air into the closed system? What else could this possibly be? It's stumped everybody so far! :) thanks!

On 2016-04-22 17:27:35.316659 by (mod) -

Thanks 57, we work hard to provide useful information and so are thrilled when you find it so.

What you describe, from my very remote and limited view, sounds as if a control or valve is sticking.

If you are seeing actual air discharge at the fixtures search InspectApedia for AIR DISCHARGE at FIXTURES to read causes and cures.

But I think air discharge and water pressure are independent / different problems. That is, for a bolus of air in water pipes or appliances to be able to block water flow it would have to

1. be at a pressure higher than the water source or well pump can produce

2. be in a closed system: that is, air would flow along the building pipes and come out at any faucets or fixtures that are opened to let water flow. That in turn would drop the air pressure to zero and permit the pump to push the air out and water in.

On 2016-04-22 14:33:14.664463 by 57

First off, great website, a phenomenal resource and wealth of info! My issue has stumped a few plumbers already, so not sure if you had seen it before. Moved into 5y/o house last year and hot water pressure was terrible. Followed your guide for flushing HW tank, but no change.

Just recently noticed that when I turned off sprinkler system, few days later 'pop', hot water flowed great. Month later, when I resumed using sprinkler system, no hot water again.

Turned on all hw outlets in house, then 'pop' hot water again. Seems to me air is being introduced into the HW tank or line by the irrigation and causing an airlock. Have you seen anything like this before? City water, no filters or softeners or anything else. Thanks!

On 2016-02-10 17:50:12.937339 by (mod) -

You could install a tempeature control valve or tempering valve right at the shower.

On 2016-02-10 16:03:54.157032 by Anonymous

My upstairs shower has hot and cold temp swings when the downstairs kitchen sink is used. I replaced the defective MOEN valve in the shower, but the problem is still there. What more can I do?

On 2016-02-10 15:01:31.774398 by (mod) -

Vicki you refer to a check valve or a foot valve.

On 2016-02-10 15:01:13.109593 by (mod) -

re posting

AUTHOR:Vicki (no email)
COMMENT:Kinda a strange question but....
I have an underground water well and it has recently broke, for the time being I bought two water tanks and hooked them into the house, my question is what is the name of the part that keeps the water from flowing backwards from my tanks down to the well seeing how all the pipes are connected to the well?

On 2015-12-04 18:48:00.032626 by (mod) -

Look for a clogged supply pipe elbow or valve or if you are in a freezing climate a frozen pipe;

On 2015-12-04 14:44:48.996024 by john

farm house upstairs shower hotwater but no cold other fawcets and 2nd shower ok. helpppppppppp!!!!!!!!

On 2015-09-02 21:01:30.960209 by (mod) -

If your system has no check valves you may siphon water out of the system IF the pump is turned off. When the pump is turned on (which is normal - that is to say power is on to the pump) then whenever pressure drops below the pressure control's cut-in pressure the pump will work normally regardless of the piping routing.

On 2015-09-02 09:43:16.120261 by Anonymous

what happened if we install pipes below the level of pumps and water tank

On 2015-06-12 18:25:20.779380 by (mod) -

Cathy

A most common cause is when your pump exceeds the well flow rate and is being shut off by a pump protection circuit; of course there could be other causes.

On 2015-05-24 12:45:31.416300 by cathy

when I cut my water on it will run for a little while,, then it stops running

then it will start back running what is the problem

On 2017-01-09 02:57:13.706612 by Barbara Wynne

A friend installed a 330 gas Bosch waterless heat tank. All is well except after changing out a pipe, debris was cleared from both hot water facets & were cleared but now the hot water in the shower pulsates. Can you tell me what the cause may be?

On 2016-12-13 00:12:58.732123 by june

What can I do right now to fix the drain in my basement cause its starting to backup

On 2016-04-24 21:22:06.019700 by Richard

Can the leaking section of my drain pipe under my sink be removed or the entire pipe?

On 2016-02-10 14:25:39.736040 by Vicki

Kinda a strange question but....
I have an underground water well and it has recently broke, for the time being I bought two water tanks and hooked them into the house, my question is what is the name of the part that keeps the water from flowing backwards from my tanks down to the well seeing how all the pipes are connected to the well?

...

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