How to remove bird dropping stains & how to keep birds off of buildings:
This article describes removal and preventing stains on building exterior surfaces from bird droppings.
We also discuss bird repellent systems: how to keep birds from roosting on or pecking at your structure.
We include links to references & reseach on bird dropping cleanup and on methods used to keep birds off of building surfaces.
Our page top photo shows woodpecker damage to wood siding on a New York home. Woodpeckers may be hammering holes in your home to find insects or just because they like the sound as their local signal. Reverse board and batten siding and similar wood siding products are particularly vulnerable to sapsucker woodpecker damage (Cleeary 1986).
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Hi there from Derby in the UK,
Congratulations on your InspectApedia site, it's a fantastic wealth of information.
I have a specific issue that I don't believe has been covered. I was looking for some general guidance and wondered if it might be of use to include it (or part of it), on your site. Feel free to use any information or pictures contained herein.
[Click to enlarge any image]
Problem: We have a house that is less than 18months old that has stone window sills. This summer a bird deposited a blackberry-fuelled dropping on one of the sills, leaving a purple stain. I tried to jet-wash it out but it left a black mark. ... I treated what was left with some white vinegar.
Now I have both the black mark along with newly discoloured stone around it, it's a mess (see attached pictures).
I didn't realise the stone would be so sensitive!
Questions: How should have I treated the original stain? Have I irreversibly damaged the sill with the vinegar? Is there anything I can do now to treat the area, or even recolour the whole sill in any way?
Any insight much appreciated! - Anonynmous by private email 2017/08/23
Followup detail:
The house is 18 months old (we bought it new). However, the neighbourhood isn't finished yet so the dust from the ongoing works continually spreads a fine layer of dust over everything.
So although the stone is more or less new, I imagine it will have already collected a pretty high degree of airborne debris.
Derby, pretty much smack in the center of Britain has a general concern with air pollution, as doubtless you already know. http://www.derby.gov.uk/transport-and-streets/air-quality/managing-air-quality-derby/
I don't know how close you are to busy roadways - a significant contributor to pollutants.
Settling out out on building surfaces particulates, especially diesel fuel, road dirt, tire particles add colour. Another serious air pollutant, NO2 probably doesn't have much affect on surfaces.
Without testing (that is not cost-justified) we can but guess at the constituents of particles that have, over years (how old is your home?) settled into the stone window sills in your photos.
But I suspect the general beige hue is a combination of organic and inorganic airborne debris, perhaps further oxidised by sunlight. Those form a colour base onto which the birds have left you their little gift.
There are then at least three discolouring effects besides the airborne contaminants and solar photo-oxidation: the bird droppings (worse with blackberry juice) themselves leave a colour, the droppings are acidic (containing uric acid) and can etch a surface, and of course there are the effects of cleaning.
The stain you describe is a difficult problem to manage and one I've experimented with. Using any cleaner, even plain water, risks leaving a lighter spot on the stone when you scrub off bird poop.
I haven't done chemical tests but I think that
1. Even just water, if scrubbed, say with a toothbrush, will remove particles that have settled into the concrete or brownstone sill on a building, thus leaving a lighter colour in the area of scrubbing.
2. Acids in bird doo work their own hell on the surface. That's why I don't like to leave droppings un-washed on a car: come back months later, wash it off, and you'll see the paint has a noticeable etched area.
3. And as you note, blackberry juice itself is a powerful stain.
For a blackberry stain a common remedy involves these steps (my approach, others don't think all my details are necessary)
1. Brush off as much blackberry-laden bird poop as you can with the surface dry. I don't wet it because doing so will spread the peroxide of the next step outside the stain area.
2. Apply hydrogen peroxide, preferably with a cotton swab and with care to try to keep the peroxide just in the dark area of the stain and leave it may be 10 minutes or so - watch the stained area to see when it is almost but not entirely gone as I want to try to avoid over-treating or over-bleaching. (Peroxide is an oxidant).
3. Blot off the peroxide with a paper towel, again trying to not spread it outside the stain.
4. Wash off the area liberally with water, then with vinegar to neutralize the peroxide, then more water.
5. Inspect: if more bleaching is needed wait for the stain to dry, then repeat the process with a lighter touch of peroxide.
In the future, if you spot a fresh bird dropping and clean it off with simple water soon-enough after it falls, staining will be minimised - but to be fair I realise that no normal person is going to waste their life standing guard with a garden hose.
I've also used bleach in a similar procedure on wood floors.
There I sat right by the stain and took great care to remove the bleach before it had over-bleached the wood. Still I often had to touch-up the bleached spot with a stain to match the surrounding floor colour. That + a final top clear coating left the floor looking perfect.
For your stonework, the question is what to do now. Options include
1. Nothing, just wait; over time the stone exposed to the elements will lose some of the contrast in the area you cleaned.
2. Try the procedure I gave above to reduce the black area in the middle of the light area where you cleaned. Then try cleaning the whole stone sill surface with a soft bristle brush and a detergent solution so you bring the surround lighter to match the bleached out spot.
Take care to rinse copiously to avoid accidentally streaking the wall around and below the work area.
[Regarding the role of air pollutants in the U.K. in the formation of building stains], yes we definitely have that general problem here, most people don't realise the damage it can do to car paintwork
Follow-up question: What grade of hydrogen peroxide should I use? There seems to be a wide range out there from 3% to 35%.
I reviewed multiple amateur and scholarly articles on this and not one of them mentioned a concentration of hydrongen peroxide.
The most-common drugstore medical-use (wound cleaning) hydrogen peroxide concentration is 3%. I'd wager that most people doing such cleanups just go to a local apothecary to pick up what's available. So I'd go with the 3%. It's always clever to start with the most-mild approach to cleaning anyway.
Also there is an alternative fancier stone-cleaning and bird dripping cleanup recipe is recommended by some: water, ammonia, dish soap and hydrogen peroxide.
I began treating the mark with the 3% hydrogen peroxide (which cost me £2.75 delivered http://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/131958607376 ), in the way advised (carefully swabbing it on with cotton buds, leaving on for 10 minutes, rinsing/washing the area after each application, allowing to dry and then repeating).
[Click to enlarge any image]
After about 3 rounds of this it didn't seem to be doing very much, so I took to simply swabbing the area with the hydrogen peroxide, leaving it to dry and then adding more until the stain had faded. I counted somewhere between 8-10 applications in total.
After 6-7 rounds I appeared to hit a plateau where there was no further improvement to be had, so I stopped there.
You can see the side-by-side comparison that there has been a significant improvement. The mark has been bleached out I'd say about 75% and I assume it will continue to fade over time due to sun bleaching, general weather and the sill becoming dirty.
However, I was still left with the light area that the household white vinegar spray had caused. [Photo below]
I dealt with this by spraying the rest of the sill to bring it up to the same shade. I had to do this twice and it seems to have balanced out relatively well (see the before - above, and after photo - below that are taken from a couple of feet away).
Other dark marks from manufacture/build now show up a bit more clearly on the sill but they have always been there and I believe they will become less visible as the sill naturally dusts up/weathers.
Overall things are a lot better than when I started. It isn't perfect but I'm satisfied to the degree that I don't feel the need to do anything further. So I thank you for your advice and I hope that the pictures and chat are of some use for your website.
- Anonynmous by private email 2017/09/18
There are hundreds of scholarly and other articles on bird repllent methods for buildings. We cite some we like later in this page.
The most-common procedure you'll see everywhere, and that you will not want to do at your home's window-sills is the installation of an array of spikes that makes the surface so uncomfortable that your birds rest on your neighbour's home instead of yours.
Above: an electrified bird repelling system on the facades of palacios along the Grand Canal in Venice. I'm not a fan of electrocuting birds that land on my building's ledges.
[Click to enlarge any image] Below: close-up of the electrified bird repellent system in Venice.
Watch out: in most residential building environments you should not normally have a reason to use bird repelling systems that injure or kill birds nor any other wildlife.
And such bird murder is also unnecessary.
The most-effective method for deterring roosting birds from urban homes is the use of scaring devices. (Barnes 1997).
Really? In the Mid-Hudson valley of New York where there are extensive and large plots of grape vines grown for local wineries, we've seen the use of scaring devices like loud cannons intended to drive off birds who othewise dine on the grapes. We'e seen birds in essence holding their ears shut while dining away under banging canons. Noise-scaring devices as bird repellents seem to work best at the start of the growing season but before harvest it's often the case that birds have simply learned to tolerate the scaring-device. [Editor]
More common are non-electrified bird repellent spikes and wires.
To Install a permanent bird-repellent system consider porcuipine wires or angled covers for othewise flat roosting locations.
The following two excerpts are from Barnes (1997) cited below.
The best long-term solution is to alter the structure to prevent the birds from landing. When the roosting surface is a ledge, this may be accomplished by placing a metal covering or board over the ledge at a 45-degree angle (or greater).
Make sure the ends are closed to prevent entry. Another method of deterring birds from these locations is to install “porcupine wires.” These short, heavy wire prongs stick out at various angles and prevent birds from landing.
The most effective method of dispersing small roosts is to use scaring devices.
Really? OPINION: Well yes scaring birds can work, for a time. Bird scaring systems include sound, booms, blasts, water sprays, and chemical agents (typically permitted application only by certified pest control operators).
But most bird-scaring methods are not something you'd live with in a residential setting, such as cannons or water sprays.
And the long-term effectiveness of bird scaring methods is questionable without a constantly-alert management plan that varies the scare and times it with care. (Barnes 1997).
Photo: bird replling porcupine wires installed on the frieze of a building in Campo San Maurizio, Venice, Italy.
[Click to enlarge any image]
Also see ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in BUILDINGS where we describe means to deter various animals who might otherwise enjoy your home. There we also warn
Watch out: Cryptococcus infection (cryptococcosis): (from bird droppings), at primary risk are people with compromised immune system but normal adults can also be infected by inhalation of Cryptococcus neoformans, leading to a form of meningial encephalitis.
Cryptococcosis is a fungal disease caused by Cryptococcus neoformans or Cryptococcus gatti. Most people don't get sick from cryptococcosis but some may be particularly vulnerable.
Sketch: typical pattern of sapsucker woodpecker damage in plywood type siding (Cleary 1986).
Effective chemical or mechanical bird repellents do not have to be lethal to be effective. Salmon (2006) points out that some wildlife and pest control chemicals and treatments designed for agricultural use are not appropriate nor safe for home use.
While some bird repellents may not be effective for your situation, (Duarte 2011) & (Werner 2005), others can be effective and non-lethal (Belant 1997).
Consult with a pest control professional who may have a practiced eye and more advice about repelling birds that you would prefer hang out in nearby trees.
...
Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.
(Sept 16, 2011) Marge said:
How can we clean cloth awnings of algae, lichens, fungi, muld. It is snall, yellowish, circular tufts, similar to daisy or aster centers. Thanks for your help.
Typically we clean awnings using a combination of a soft scrub brush and a sprayer, or a power washer.
Stay away from bleach lest you discolour the awning fabric.
You may increase the resistance of the cloth awnings to further algae and mold growth by treating the dry fabric with a water repellant.
Judy Frisch said:
So are you saying the TSP PF mixture is OK for using on granite stones to clean off the mold and fungus?
Judy, yes TSP-PF, a TSP substitute, is used on some stone surfaces. The orignal TSP is no longer used because it's an environmental contaminant. Depending on what the stone is and what sort of staining is discolouring it, you might want to review the advice at MARBLE CLEANING METHODS
(Oct 17, 2012) Shawn said:
What should I use to remove mold that has developed due to a leak and the mold has formed on my used brick wall in my entry way in my home.
Shawn we give extensive mold cleaning procedures and advice
at MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE- HOW TO GET RID OF MOLD
Watch out: often on masonry people mistake leak or moisture related white mineral salts for mold.
See EFFLORESCENCE SALTS & WHITE DEPOSITS
(Nov 13, 2012) Ewan said:
My concrete roof tiles were repainted 4 years ago and due to trees in the area the tiles have developed lichen on some surfaces. How can I remove the lichen without damaging the repainted surface?
Thanks.
(June 23, 2014) corker2012 said:
I have a heavy lichen buildup on outdoor patio furniture (not wood or metal). Some type of fabric. It's getting out of control and I don't want to replace.
Ewan,
Chances are you cannot mechanically remove lichens growth without damaging the surface on which it is adhered. But use of metallic strips whose wash-down will over time kill off lichens or moss on a roof can be helpful.
See the advice at ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS on ROOFS.
Corker,
Lichens on fabrics is a bit unusual, are you sure it's not an algae? Try a non-sudsing detergent cleaner and scrub brush.
Metal salts and some fungicidal sprays will deter lichens growh, as you can see on many roofs where the area of wash-down below metal flashing is often lichens and moss free.
Bill,
the bleach method you describe may be perfect for patio furniture is not suitable for some building surfaces such as roofs or siding as it can can cause run-down stains and discoloration; also aggressive removal of lichens from some surfaces, particularly asphalt shingles or roll roofing, causes additional mechanical damage. Better solutions for lichens in particular are
at LICHENS on STONE SURFACES
and
at ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS on ROOFS
(July 16, 2014) Anonymous said:
algae and fungai in water tank suggest how to clean
Anon,
You will need to drain and disinfect the water storage tank. See these two procedures that will help you out
inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Chlorination_Shocking_Procedure.php - shocking the well or sanitizing the well
and
inspectapedia.com/plumbing/Water_Softener_Cleaning.php- sanitizing a water softener - a similar problem to yours
(Nov 21, 2014) Anonymous said:
hello
I am new here, can you please tell me how to clean a white marble?
and plese tell me which chemical is best for use...
sure anon, see MARBLE CLEANING METHODS
(Nov 30, 2014) Charlie Chisppe said:
Black stains have developed on the facade of my house which is made from breeze block
How can I clean?
Thanks
Charlie
In the article above see the section titled
Do-it-yourself Cleanup for Algae or Fungal Stains on Stone, Brick, Concrete Surfaces
...
Continue reading at STONE, STUCCO & BRICK CLEANING METHODS or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX.
Or see these
BIRD DROPPING STAIN REMOVAL at InspectApedia.com - online encyclopedia of building & environmental inspection, testing, diagnosis, repair, & problem prevention advice.
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