Frequently-asked questions about how to interpret the mold test number that is returned by your mold test consultant or mold test lab - set #3.

This article series discusses the possible significance of different levels of indoor airborne mold spore counts and mold test reports.

Mold Contamination Level Questions & Answers #3

These questions and answers about how to interpret the mold count returned by various mold tests were posted originally at AIRBORNE PARTICLE & MOLD COUNT NUMBER GUIDE - topic home. Be sure to see the advice given there.

Question: leave the moldy house alone or try to figure it out

(Feb 7, 2012) dee said:

our air test on a house we did inspection on shows 1080 count per cubic meter in basement with 81 in the upper level. i also had a severe burning in my chest/throat with congestion for 24 hours after having been there for the hour or so of inspection.

never experienced anything like that before although I've always picked up on musty smells and gotten some congestion from them.

we are thinking that it is better to leave this house alone than to try to figure out what could be done to resolve any concern because we don't own the house and we can't locate the problem.

sorry, that was of Asp/Penn I was referring to...

Reply:

I don't know enough about the actual risk level in your home (from mold) - the test data is not by itself very helpful and may be inaccurate. But keep in mind that individual reaction to mold or MVOC or mycotoxin varies widely and that protracted exposure can increase someone's sensitivity.

Question: due diligence laws for commercial property owners and mold?

(Feb 27, 2012) Ryan R said:

What are the laws in Michigan and New York regarding due diligence of commercial property owners where a franchisee is in a space? Specifically, if a franchise restaurant has mold in its location, are there laws regarding notification and removal of mould by the property owner, or is it left to the franchisee? If so, what are these pieces of legislation, and where can they be found?

Reply:

Let us know what your lawyer says about this question.

Question: moldy refrigerator drip pan and other building leaks - I'm getting sick - carpet beetles?

(Mar 11, 2012) terenceduke@gmail.com said:

Hi. I have lived in a condo for 4 years I have been renting, After the second year, i was vacuuming under the built in refrigerator and noticed the drip pan, I pulled it out and was full to top with moldy water of all colors.

I cleaned it up put back with baking soda in pan and thought nothing of it. I had slowly been getting sicker with odd things, breathing, wheezing, numbness in left let, odd large blotchy spot on right shin, horrible itching I have Hep C and docs thought it was just that although my tests were all normal, eat well etc. last month had a sudden infestation of something biting, found evidence of carpet beetles.

Then when running AC which is in ceiling through a panel in bathroom, it was pouring water. Turned off and found the area covered in black looking mold, owner had test done, air levels came back moderate but no significance in air levels from inside to out. He had a window open in living room,

He also had bathroom fan on blowing to outside front door where he did outside test. I had my own done by certified specialist. he asked did he close all windows fans etc, mine asked me to have all windows fans closed prior to arrival. my tests came back 47,000 stachy/black mold inside 0 outside. 11,000 asper/pen inside 480 outside. all in M3 measurements . in reading its all snapshot in time it is scary for me with health.

Recently coughed up sputum that was black/brown trouble breathing like asthma. pustule bites on skin on legs, odd grey hairs that are not grey at roots including beard. doc had giving me antibiotics for chest but still coughing up and wheezing.

No money to move, landlord had AC fixed, they put put up plastic on door but it was half open whole time. He was not trained in mold didn't care about my test results. Now having mold remediation company she hired come in.

In a letter to her, her response was she had a qualified tester come in. he was a real estate inspector who did mold testing, said the air levels were low and it was not a concern at this time. help

Reply:

The mold in a refrigerator drip pan won't explain an illness unless you put it in your eye. But building leaks into ceiling or wall cavities could indeed have caused the growth of a significant mold reservoir that is not immediately obvious.

In my opinion and based on field and lab experience over 30 years, air tests for mold, taken alone without a thoughtful inspection are not worth a penny (except for the profit to the testing company).

See also:

UNSAFE ENVIRONMENT, CAN'T LEAVE - what if you have to continue to live in a moldy apartment or rental home?

Question: company won't give copy of air quality test results

(Mar 22, 2012) Tracy said:

I am currently working in a setting which is situated in the basement of a building. We have repeatedly complained of increasing health issues among 8 employees out of 12 working there. The company had air quality testing done but refuse to allow us a copy of the report. We have gained the information that the penicillium/aspergilius count outdoor was zero, in our hallway it was 1600 and in our office it was 5800 per m3.

All of our symptoms are respiratory related from recently diagnosises asthma, pneumonia, repeated sinus infections for one employee 8 since august, chronic coughs and headaches. We did have one employee die prior to the report from pneumonia. Could you please tell me if we need to pursue further action outside of our company since they refuse to cooperate. Can these illness be related to the numbers I have given to you/

Reply:

One can but wonder what management are thinking if they have testing performed but won't tell you the results. It's suggestive of a problem.

Question: wheezing, sick pets

(Mar 23, 2012) Trish said:

I Had an Inspector into my home Today Of Which I And My Pets Have Lived In For a Year and a Half Now and Since, I Have been Ill With Bonchitus about 50 times now...My Dogs have that hacking cough..wheezing..Cant catch their breath...My Daughter dogs Legs Collapsing now...and I have had What They Are Calling a Stroke, and/or my Left side collapse...I was never told the home had Water Damage,Water pouring in the walls and windows while two years vacant, Flooding at another time,and two people Passing in HERE...without Disclosing that as well.

I and My Dogs continue to get Sick...And the Levels were over9.8, 11.9..Etc...and that was without even checking the Possible water in the walls or ceiling. The inspector quoted , I have NO DOUBT there is MOLD in here...I can Smell The Distinctive Smell.

How Dangerous Is This Until I can Find another Place..and How Much Damage Will this have Caused us To This Point(Living in here for a Year and a Half???..and What IS MY RECOURSE?

Reply:

You need to consult your doctor and veterinarian promptly, and before making any plans regarding the building where you live.

Smelling mold is a reliable indicator - most people recognize mold smells - but doesn't tell us where or how large the problem is. A more competent inspection is probably needed.

Question: sick at the workplace: skin rashes, respiratory illnesses baterial?

(May 11, 2012) D.W said:

What Next?
We have had a large number (90%) of staff sick at our workplace with recurring skin rashes, cellulitis, pneumonia, bronchitis, strep, sinus and eye infections since we moved from one part of our building to another. We just received the results of an air quality test which shows acceptable results. Being that all of these illnesses were diagnosed as bacterial infections, we feel we need to push for additional testing, but wondered what type of testing would be warranted. thanks
D.W

Reply:

The question of what other tests are appropriate would best be decided with advice from an onsite expert who interviews the sick employees about symptoms and who inspects the building thoroughly for clues such as leak history or other issues.

Question: what does our mold test mean

(June 1, 2012) Lori said:

This is what our test showed, what does it mean. Two small areas on floor joist in crawlspace. 161208769-0001 SMI120528M

Front Support Beam Aspergillus High*

Aspergillus/Penicillium High
Fibrous Particulate Medium
Hyphal Fragment Medium

No discernable field blank was submitted with this group of samples.

Bipolaris++ = Bipolaris/Dreschlera/Exserohilum Myxomycetes++ = Myxomycetes/Periconia/Smut
* = Sample contains fruiting structures and/or hyphae associated with the spores.

EMSL maintains liability limited to cost of analysis. This report relates only to the samples reported above and may not be reproduced, except in full, without written approval by EMSL. EMSL bears no
responsibility for sample collection activities or analytical method limitations. Interpretation of the data contained in this report is the responsibility of the client. *-* denotes not detected. Samples received in good
condition unless otherwise noted.

AIHA-LAP, LLC--EMLAP 157245
Andrea Messner, Microbiology Lab Manager
or Other Approved Signatory
1 to 10
11 to 100
101 to 1000
> 1000

Reply:

With respect, Lori, if you hire someone to perform an important test that can involve both health risks and money risks, and if the test person won't tell you what the results mean, you should ask for your money back and hire someone more helpful. I cannot very well interpret the numbers you give while knowing nothing about the building. The lab can't either.

On 2018-04-30 by (mod) - typical mold contamination levels found indoors

Dan K

First check my note to Diane given below.

Then review the mold levels in the article above.

I also suggest taking a look at ACCURACY OF AIR TESTS for MOLD

From the article above on this page I excerpt these

Example mold contamination levels:

Aspergillus/Penicillium in a "clean" residential building study was at a mean of 230,

Aspergillus/Penicillium in buildings known to have a moisture or flooding problem it was at 2235

Aspergillus/Penicillium in mold contaminated buildings the figure was 36,037.

Also see MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS inspectapedia.com/mold/Mold-Exposure-Standards.php to see what "acceptable mold level" standards have been recommended by different authorities, experts, and governments, world-wide.

Also review the mold levels at MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS and also see our description of various airborne mold counts and how they might be interpreted at the

article AIRBORNE PARTICLE & MOLD COUNT NUMBER GUIDE

On 2018-04-30 by Dan kresky

What is the number of spores count acceptable in a single-family home kitchen? Or what is the average number of spores count in most homes? That's an acceptable level I mean.

On 2018-04-30 by (mod) - Airborne mold count - 800 "Stacky" ?

Diane:

Airborne mold counts are fundamentally unreliable as a sole-screening method for building mold contamination, because actual particle counts detected will vary by 1-4 orders of magnitude (1 may be 1000) depending on when, where, how a test is conducted. Just moving through a room changes the particle level.

A "stachy" count of 800, referring to Stachybotrys chartarum, has no meaning out of context. It could mean nothing if collected during demolition of moldy drywall.

Furthermore, "stachy" is never going to be the only, nor necessarily the most significant mold contaminant indoors. It is reasonable to consider it an indicator of wet conditions likely to have produced a mold problem.

If you paid a "mold inspector" or "mold consultant" and she or he did nothing but give you a number, insist on some interpretation of the report or get your money back.

On 2018-03-29 by DIANE

How bad is 800 count statchy mold

On 2017-12-06 by (mod) - Don't let panic cause you to toss money into the mold-is-gold machine.

Yes Deanne We work hard at InspectApedia to provide un-biased, researched, authoritative information and to avoid any conflict of interest.

My opinion about "mold tests" is based on direct field and lab experience, education, and reading, and is one I've discussed with many experts including industrial hygienists and mold lab companies. There's general agreement about the sources of error in such "tests".

Some lab operators have told me privately that basically they feel compelled to give "counts" for such tests for competitive reasons, notwithstanding the limitations of such testing.

In my opinion the greatest risk of important error is when an air test or "culture" test does not find any problem indicator, since a problem could easily be present but not detected.

In your case the test results are suggestive of an indoor mold problem since while we always find some airborne mold spores indoors, Penicillium or Aspergillus, two very small spores that can present serious medical risks at sufficient exposure, across a range of their many sub-species, are not normally ever the dominant indoor mold species nor particle found in indoor air.

In my experience acute or chronic exposure to quite a few molds can also cause people to develop increased sensitivity. Molds can be harmless, allergenic, or pathogenic depending on genera/species and also on other environment details.

Don't let panic cause you to toss money into the mold-is-gold machine. But I would not ignore the concern.

Dehumidification in general will slow most mold species growth but it can also cause a surge in release of spores if the environment was quite wet or humid.

Indoor "air purifiers" are of rather limited efficacy in my experience.

What you can do is be sure that the rooms where your daughter spends the most time are

- absent any evidence of mold contamination

- have as much hard surface, easy to clean flooring as possible, and are kept as clean and dust free as you can manage

and

- use a HEPA -rated vacuum cleaner if you're vacuuming in the home

Yes stress is a common generator of hives.

On 2017-12-06 22:00:59.822513 by Deanne

Sorry, Interior door open. Exterior doors I tried to use minimally in 24 hours. Carpet only in the bedrooms (vacuumed once a week) and tile everywhere else, no drapery.

I know you're reply can't change too much but I do want to be thorough. I may have to cut those holes in the wall just in spite :) but also for further testing.
Thanks again

:) Thank you for taking the time to reply to me. I would imagine the gripping comes from seeing this scenario and responding to it far too often ..and it's absolutely justified! It wasn't cheap nor are her doctor appointments! Next up, allergist. I also avoid the detergent isle at the grocery of any pottery barn of sort!

So quickly, the air conditioner was blasting.

No Fans. All doors Open. Minimal exterior doors open with in 24hrs for preparation and no open windows in that 24 hrs as well. Typical furniture. Me and the Tester.

The building with a quick google search has had Black mold in parts and a known mold issue. In fact I didn't bother to test our separate "mother in law suite" as we have to run a dehumidifier per the lease agreement and keep the room at a particular % to avoid mold or we are liable.

She does seem to be the worst at home during the night. Though this is typical in children with asthma from what I gather.

( Sigh... I already know the landlord will do nothing and I can not afford the move anytime this next full year! I just don't know what to do. I suppose another dehumidifier for our portion

? I am a cleanaholic trying to keep dust away just incase that was her allergy... again allergist in a few weeks.

Then, on to myself. I have had the worst case of post nasal drip at this apartment, chronic sore throat and quite often, hives. (but obviously I'm under stress which could likely cause the rash) Thank you so so so much for your expertise. Very appreciated.

On 2017-12-06 by (mod) - without knowing exactly the mold test conditions counts are a bit ambiguous except at extremes

Deanne

Unfortunately, without knowing exactly the test conditions and how the samples were collected, including things like extent of air circulation, windows open or shut, fans on or off, doors open or shut, rooms empty or occupied, proximity to visual mold contamination, building leak history, and other risk factors, no mold "count" is, alone as a building screen for contamination, quite reliable.

I see variations of 3-4 orders of magnitude (multiply or divide reported counts by 10, 100, 1000, 10,000) depending on how a test is conducted.

Worse, anyone who provides "mold testing" and won't stick around to explain the meaning of the lab report is in my opinion, deserving of a spanking.

With all that griping, when the presence of Penicillium/Aspergillus spores is the dominant particle in a sample that is quite suggestive that there's an indoor mold problem even if you haven't found it.

Also diagnostic but NOT conclusive would be the observation that your daughter seems to recover or have less health and respiratory complaints when she is not in the house.

Keep in mind that looking for mold to reduce asthma attacks is an incomplete approach to a building as there could be high levels of other allergens, prior use of chemicals, odorants, irritants. I cannot even stand to walk into a "Bed Bath and Beyond" store in Dutchess County because their heavy use of perfumes in the store gives me an asthma attack.

Besides tracking down an indoor (if hidden) mold problem to remove you should discuss your concerns with your daughter's doctor to get advice on what else should be screened-for or cleaned up in your home. For example in my OPINION wall to wall carpeting or heavy drapes increase the indoor dust and particle reservoir level - that can irritate an asthmatic person.

More regret: after paying some now-punished "mold test professional" you are going to have to pay someone all over again to do what's needed:

discuss the health vulnerability of occupants,

discuss the history of building IAQ complaints,

inspect the building for evidence of mold, leaks, areas of high moisture, areas of high risk of hidden mold

take the building history (leaks for example),

understand the building structure and materials (to identify highest risk areas for possibly hidden mold reservoirs),

report any visible mold contamination of consequence, and

help decide where more-invasive inspection (cut a test hole or two) in the highest-risk areas is justified

- or not.

On 2017-12-06 by Deanne

Hi There,
If my 3yr old daughter can't seem to get well and has been diagnosed with asthma.

Do the results below signify a possible cause or should I be concerned with the results listed here? Provided by a professional air quality test. It's so far over my head. I'm just a worried mom trying to get my sick baby healthy again do any and everything.

Penicillium/Aspergillus Raw Count 27 - Spore per m3 1,100 - Percent of Total 90

Smuts, myxomycetes Raw Count 120 - Spore per m3 120 - Percent of Total 10 OUTSIDE Raw Count 1 - Spore per m3 40 - Percent of Total 3

ANALYSIS METHOD Spore trap analysis Spore trap analysis INTENTIONALLY BLANK INTENTIONALLY BLANK
LOCATION LIVING AREA RETURN OUTSIDE

COC / LINE # 1094016-1 1094016-2

SAMPLE TYPE & VOLUME Z5 - 25L Z5 - 25L

SERIAL NUMBER Q534757 Q534748

COLLECTION DATE Dec 4, 2017 Dec 4, 2017

ANALYSIS DATE Dec 6, 2017 Dec 6, 2017

CONCLUSION ELEVATED CONTROL

TOTAL SPORES 30 1,220 100 30 1,200 100

On 2017-11-24 by (mod) -

Sam,

I'm so sorry to be unable to be more helpful but the basic answer is that a "mold count of 6", given just that statement and not a shred of other information, has absolutely no meaning whatsoever.

If the people you paid to "mold test" your home won't answer your question nor help you understand the report that they have provided, I'd ask for a full refund of whatever you paid them as such a "service" isn't, in my opinion, helpful.

On 2017-11-24 by Sam

What is a mold reading of 6? If you have a mold allergy is that dangerous?

On 2017-11-13 by Becky

I just received out test results.

We had an air cassette test with two samples (outdoor & In). We smelled something under our cabinets on a exterior wall with no water sources nearby. The test came back Ascospores, RC 3, 67 mmm, Aspergillus/Penlliumicium RC 159, 3533 mmm. Basidiospores were 8 RC, 178, Clasosporium species 4 RC, 89 those were the indoor results on a 45 Liters volume.

Outdoor was Ascospores 25 RC, 333 mmm, Aspergillus/Penlliumicium RC 0, 0 mmm. Basidiospores were 230 RC, 3067, Cladosporium species 12 RC, 160, Rusts RC 11, 147 those were the outdoor results on a 75 Liters volume.

The company said they would get back to us with recommendations. When they cam to look he said it didn't smell like mold, saw none, and the infrared showed no water. I don't get it or what our next step should be?

On 2017-10-29 by (mod) - what does a mold report of Elevated Mold Conditions! mean?

Kirsten

at AIRBORNE MOLD COUNT VALIDITY

you'll see that although they are wildly popular (and profitable) an air test for mold is not reliable since the numbers can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on test conditions and test conduct.

Based on your report of a single spore that was actually captured, extrapolating to 40 spores per meter, the count is in a quantitative sense, nothing.


One single mold spore is certainly not a suitable nor meaningful "pass fail" criteria, nor would we spend a lot of money on its account. Heck it might have come in through a window or on the inspector's foot from a prior job. (Was she swinging her feet about during the air test for mold?)

Stachybotrys chartarum is ABSOLUTELY NOT the only mold, nor even the most important mold you should be looking for in a building mold investigation. It's popularity stems from media and sales attention, not mycology nor good building science, except for this:

This mold is considered a "water indicator" or "leak indicator" mold since it likes to grow on wet drywall or "sheetrock" or on other materials found in buildings like paper and often, wood. So S. chartarum MIGHT indicate that there have been mold-friendly conditions nearby.

S. chartarum is a big, sticky spore (evolved to spread by growing in straw and sticking to the cow's hoof). These spores are not often found indoors in air except when there has been a mold contamination problem somewhere nearby, or perhaps a mold cleanup job.

So even at low levels a "mold inspector" might warn you that looking further for a mold reservoir might be justified.

Finding even low levels of some molds, even when using an unreliable test method, might still be suggestive that building conditions deserve more investigation.

An actual, true, useful "mold inspection" would never rely just on a "mold test" of some sort or other. It would include

- interviews with building occupants about apparent building-related health complaints and individual vulnerability

- a taking of the history of the building, particularly leaks, sewage backups, and the like

- a thorough visual inspection for clues that suggest possible hidden mold reservoirs

- and a diagnostic report that says a heck of a lot more than

"Yeah there seems to be a mold problem here ... somewhere" - that's maybe diagnostic but not prescriptive: you have no idea what to do next, no idea where the problem might be, no idea what caused it, no idea what cleanup is needed.

So you end up having to hire someone all over again - paying all over again - to find out what to do.

The lab that processes a "mold sample" can't tell you what to do - they have no information about your building and little information about how the test was conducted. ALL the lab can do is tell you what they found in the sample.

If your "mold expert" didn't give you more information than the lab report, well that is, in my OPINION, disappointing and not very helpful.

On 2017-10-29 by Kirsten

I recently had a mold test done at my residence. The report Indicated "Elevated Mold Conditions!!".
I requested the lab data to be provided to me.

Results from 6 samples taken at my residence:

5 air samples show NO Stachybotrys found and one indicates 40 spores/ m^3, 6% raw count 1.

Based on the lab results, the presence of mold appear to be low, what are the acceptable levels? Is this an acceptable count?

On 2017-10-29 by (mod) - what is the significance of an air test that found ONE spore of Stachybotrys Chartarum ?

Kirsten

At AIRBORNE MOLD COUNT VALIDITY you'll see that although they are wildly popular (and profitable) an air test for mold is not reliable since the numbers can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on test conditions and test conduct.

Based on your report of one single spore (of any genera species) that was actually captured, extrapolating to 40 spores per meter, the count is in a quantitative sense, means almost nothing.

One single mold spore is certainly not a suitable nor meaningful "pass fail" criteria, nor would we spend a lot of money on its account.

Heck it might have come in through a window or on the inspector's foot from a prior job. (Was she swinging her feet about during the air test for mold?)

Stachybotrys chartarum is certainly NOT the only mold, nor even the most important mold you should be looking for in a building mold investigation. For example while exposure to very high levels of S. chartarum can indeed cause serious medical problems, species of Aspergillus or Penicillium in buildings, at high levels, are more likely to cause serious respiratory illness.

S. chartarum's popularity stems from media and sales attention, not mycology nor good building science, except for this: it might be a water indicator mold.

This mold is considered a "water indicator" or "leak indicator" mold since it likes to grow on wet drywall or "sheetrock" or on other materials found in buildings like paper and often, wood. So S. chartarum MIGHT indicate that there have been mold-friendly conditions nearby.

S. chartarum is a big, sticky spore (evolved to spread by growing in straw and sticking to the cow's hoof). These spores are not often found indoors in air except when there has been a mold contamination problem somewhere nearby, or perhaps a mold cleanup job.

So even at low levels a "mold inspector" might warn you that looking further for a mold reservoir might be justified.

Finding even low levels of some molds, even when using an unreliable test method, might still be suggestive that building conditions deserve more investigation.

An actual, true, useful "mold inspection" would never rely just on a "mold test" of some sort or other. It would include

- interviews with building occupants about apparent building-related health complaints and individual vulnerability

- a taking of the history of the building, particularly leaks, sewage backups, and the like

- a thorough visual inspection for clues that suggest possible hidden mold reservoirs

- and a diagnostic report that says a heck of a lot more than

"Yeah there seems to be a mold problem here ... somewhere" - that's maybe diagnostic but not prescriptive: you have no idea what to do next, no idea where the problem might be, no idea what caused it, no idea what cleanup is needed.

So you end up having to hire someone all over again - paying all over again - to find out what to do.

The lab that processes a "mold sample" can't tell you what to do - they have no information about your building and little information about how the test was conducted. ALL the lab can do is tell you what they found in the sample.

If your "mold expert" didn't give you more information than the lab report, well that is, in my OPINION, disappointing and not very helpful.

On 2017-10-29 by Kirsten

I recently had a mold test done at my residence. The report Indicated "Elevated Mold Conditions!!".

I requested the lab data to be provided to me. Results from 6 samples taken at my residence: 5 air samples show NO Stachybotrys found and one indicates 40 spores/ m^3, 6% raw count 1.

Based on the lab results, the presence of mold appear to be low, what are the acceptable levels? Is this an acceptable count?

On 2017-10-21 by Daniel

I recently had a mold test done in a home that I'd like to buy and all looks ok except the Aspergillus/Penicillium, which seems a very high count. I'm no expert and need some help to determine if there is a problem or not. Here was the report results:

Aspergillus/Penicillium

Guest Bedroom: Raw Count = 182 M3=2,427

Living Room: Raw Count = 344 M3 = 4,587

Master Bedroom: Raw Count = 2,493 M3 = 33,240

Any assistance on this would be greatly appreciated. Also, what might be the cause of such a high reading or count?

...

Continue reading at AIRBORNE PARTICLE & MOLD COUNT NUMBER GUIDE or select a topic from the closely-related articles below, or see the complete ARTICLE INDEX.

Or see AIRBORNE MOLD COUNT NUMBER FAQs-5 - more-recent FAQs about interpreting mold counts

Or see these

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• ACCURACY vs PRECISION of MEASUREMENTS
• ACCURACY OF AIR TESTS for MOLD - home
• AIRBORNE MOLD SPORE COUNT GUIDE - home
• AIRBORNE PARTICLE LEVELS vs IAQ - home
• AIRBORNE MOLD COUNT VALIDITY
• FALSE NEGATIVE MOLD TEST RESULTS
• MOLD CULTURE TEST ERRORS
• MOLD CULTURE TEST KIT VALIDITY
• MOLD EXPOSURE STANDARDS - home
• VISUAL INSPECTION & HISTORY of MOLD

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