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ROOFING INSPECTION & REPAIR

ALUMINUM ROOFING
AMERICAN CEMWOOD ROOFING
ATTIC VENTILATION

BEST ROOFING PRACTICES
BUILT UP ROOFS

CATHEDRAL CEILING VENTILATION
CEMWOOD ROOFING
CERTIFICATIONS for ROOFING CONTRACTORS
CHIMNEY FLASHING Mistakes & Leaks
COLD WEATHER ROOF TROUBLE

DECKS, ROOFTOP CONSTRUCTION

EPDM, RUBBER, PVC ROOFING
EXTRACTIVE BLEEDING on SHINGLES

FIRE RETARDANT PLYWOOD
FLASHING on BUILDINGS
FLASHING, ASPHALT SHINGLE VALLEYS
FLASHING, CHIMNEY Mistakes & Leaks
FLASHING, CLAY TILE ROOFS
FLASHING MEMBRANES PEEL & STICK
FLASHING for METAL ROOFS
FLASHING ROOF WALL DETAILS
FLASHING ROOF-WALL SNAFU
FLASHING SIDING DETAILS
FLASHING WALL DETAILS
FLASHING WINDOW DETAILS
FLASHING WOOD ROOF DETAILS
FLAT ROOF MOISTURE & CONDENSATION

Green House or Solarium Roof Leaks

HEAT TAPES & CABLES on Roofs for Ice Dams

ICE DAM PREVENTION

MASONITE WOODRUF FIBERBOARD ROOFING

NOISE CONTROL for ROOFS

PLASTIC ROOFING TYPES
PVC, EPDM, RUBBER ROOFING

ROOF ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - PHOTO GUIDE
ROOF CLEANING RECOMMENDATIONS
ROOF COLOR RECOMMENDATIONS
ROOF DORMER TYPES - PHOTO GUIDE
ROOF INSPECTION SAFETY & LIMITS
ROOF JOB PROBLEMS, RESOLVING
ROOF LEAK DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
ROOF NOISE TRANSMISSION
ROOF REPLACEMENT SNAFUs
ROOFING FELT UNDERLAYMENT REQUIREMENTS
ROOFING MATERIALS, Age, Types
ROOFING TILE SHAPES & PROFILES
ROOFING UNDERLAYMENT BEST PRACTICES

SADDLE CONSTRUCTION at CHIMNEYS
SNOW GUARDS & SNOW BRAKES
STANDARDS for ROOFING
STRESS SKIN INSULATED PANELS

TEST LABS - ROOF SHINGLE
TREES & SHRUBS, TRIM OFF BUILDING
TRUSSES, Floor & Roof

UNDERLAYMENT REQUIREMENTS on ROOFS

VENTILATION in BUILDINGS

WALK-ON ROOF SURFACES
WARRANTIES for ROOF SHINGLES
WORKMANSHIP & ROOF DAMAGE

More Information

Photograph of mossy growth on asphalt roof shingles Guide to Identifying, Removing, Preventing Algae, Fungus, Lichens, Moss on Roof Shingles
     

  • Algae, moss, lichens, or fungal growth on roof shingles: causes, effects on roof life, cure & prevention
    • How to clean off roof moss and lichens: brushing, raking, washing, power-washing?
    • How to prevent moss and lichens growth on roof surfaces: algae-resistant shingles, metal flashings, special products, sunshine
    • Caution advised before trying to remove moss or lichens growth from roof
  • LIFE / WEAR FACTORS in SHINGLES - separate article
  • Questions & Answers about cleaning off moss from building roofs
  • References

Click to Show or Hide Related Topics

  • STAINS on & in BUILDINGS, CAUSES & CURES - home
  • ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS
  • ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in buildings
  • BLACK LIGHT & UV LIGHT USES
  • CARPET STAIN DIAGNOSIS
  • CARPET & other STAIN TESTS
  • CARPET TEST PROCEDURE
  • CHIMNEY STAINS
  • EFFLORESCENCE, Salts & White / Brown Deposits
  • FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP
  • INSECT INFESTATION / DAMAGE
  • MOISTURE CONTROL in BUILDINGS - home
  • MOLD APPEARANCE - WHAT MOLD LOOKS LIKE
  • OIL BURNER SOOT & PUFFBACKS
  • PAINT & STAIN GUIDE, EXTERIOR
  • PAINT FALURE, DIAGNOSIS, CURE, PREVENTION
  • SIDING TYPES, INSTALLATION, DEFECTS
  • STAIN & BIODETERIORATION AGENT CATALOG
  • STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING EXTERIORS
  • STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING INTERIORS
  • STAIN DIAGNOSIS on ROOFS
  • STAIN DIAGNOSIS on STONE
    • CATALOG of DETERIORANTS of Stone, Glass, Steel
    • LICHENS on STONE SURFACES
    • STONE SURFACE CLEANING METHODS
  • STAINS & FINISHES, INTERIOR COATINGS
  • STAINS ANIMAL or PETS, FLOORS
  • STAINS ANIMAL or PETS, WALLS
  • STAINS CANDLES FIREPLACE WOODSTOVE
  • STAINS HUMAN OCCUPANT
  • STAINS on INDOOR SURFACES: PHOTO GUIDE
  • STAINS at HVAC REGISTERS
  • STAINS INDOOR, OTHER
  • STAINS on ROOFS
    • ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS on SHINGLES
    • ALGAE STAIN TEST METHODS
    • BLACK ROOF STAIN CAUSES
    • BLACK or GREEN ALGAE STAINS on ROOFS
    • BLACK ROOF STAIN REMOVAL & PREVENTION
    • DEBRIS STAINS on ROOFS
    • EXTRACTIVE BLEEDING on SHINGLES
    • LICHENS on ROOFS
    • MOSS on ROOFS
    • POWER WASHING ROOFS
    • RUST STAINS on ROOFS
    • SOOT STAINS on ROOFS
    • STAINS on/near CHIMNEYS
  • STAINS on ALUMINUM SIDING
  • STAINS on VINYL SIDING
  • THERMAL TRACKING BRIDGING GHOSTING
  • THERMAL TRACKING REMEDIES
  • TREES & SHRUBS, TRIM OFF BUILDING
  • WALL SIDING TRIM & FINISHES
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.

Here we explain the causes of algae, moss, lichens, or fungal growth on roof shingles, the effects of these conditions, and how to cure or prevent them. Just brushing or raking off moss won't prevent future moss growth, and if roof cleaning is not done with care you risk damaging the shingles and reducing the life of the roof. We cite and discuss roofing manufacturer shingle warranty exclusions or inclusions for algae and algae-related roof stains at ALGAE STAINS ON ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES.

Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.

Algae, Fungus, Lichens, Moss Effects on Asphalt Shingle Roofs

Causes of moss or lichens growth on roofs

Moss growing on any roof surface will be more severe on roof sections that area shaded and exposed to periodically damp cool weather conditions.

The presence or absence of much sunlight on a roof surface is often a determining factor in the amount of moss or lichens growth (more sun, less moss and lichens. When shade and cool moist conditions combine, moss or lichens growth on a roof surface is more likely. [1]

Mossy roof shingles (C) Daniel Friedman Mossy roof (C) Daniel Friedman

Moss and lichens are more than a cosmetic issue on many kinds of roofing materials - asphalt shingles, roll roofing, wood shingle roofs, wood shake roofs. By holding moisture against the roof surface lichens but more so moss speed the wear of the asphalt shingle surface in freezing climates by increasing frost damage to the mineral granule coating on the shingles.

Sometimes there is so much moss and crud on a roof that we're not sure what roofing material was used. The photo at right is actually of a wood shingle roof, though it may make more sense to call this a moss roof in Rhinebeck, New York.

The differences among algae, lichens, and moss on roofs are described at ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS COMPARED where we also show what moss looks like under the microscope. And at ALGAE STAINS ON ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES we show what roof shingle algae looks like under the microscope.

Also see BLACK STAIN REMOVAL & PREVENTION and see STAINS on ROOF SHINGLES. This website tells readers how to identify & explain the most-common asphalt roof shingle failures and how to obtain asphalt roofing shingle failure claims assistance. We also discuss green algae and moss on building and artifact surfaces at Green Stains on Stone.

What are the effects of moss growth on roofs?

Because moss or lichens growing on a roof surface will hold moisture on the roof longer than other areas, these growths can reduce the life of the roof covering.

Particularly where the roofing materials are asphalt shingles or wood shingles, holding water on the roof surface by any means (leaves, debris, moss, or lichens) speeds up wear on these shingles. In freezing climates there may be faster frost damage, cracking, and wear of the shingles under the moss or lichens. Even in non-freezing climates, the roots or growth structures of moss or lichens eventually penetrate and separate the roof shingle materials, speeding their demise.

Is lichens on a roof as much of a problem as moss?

Photograph of lichens growth on asphalt shingles

Because lichens growing on a roof surface does not have as much thickness of body as moss, it will hold less water on the roof surface and is less of a wear factor than moss.

Therefore if we have only lichens growing on a roof surface we would be less quick to try to clean it off since lichens not only has a tighter "grip" on the roof surface but the cleaning process for lichens risks doing more harm than good to the roof surface.

At ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS COMPARED we show photographs of lichens damage to asphalt shingle roofs.

Is green or black algae on roof shingles as much of a problem as moss or lichens?

Algae on a roof surface appears as a thin green coating which is mostly a cosmetic concern. The presence of algae on the roof is an indicator that this roof area is in a shaded spot where you may want to be alert for development of moss or other roof problems, but the level of damage from algae is probably low, even less than that caused by lichens. Avoid any aggressive cleaning methods that might damage the roof surface.

Black algae stains on asphalt singles

Photograph of ...

Some black stains on asphalt roof shingles are caused by a black algae (sometimes misnamed as a black fungus or even a "mildew") such as that shown in the photograph here. Black algae stains may be mistaken for but are not "extractive bleeding" - a product cosmetic defect.

When the staining or bleeding appears to run down the roof from individual small points or "spots" we think this is extractive bleeding or "bleed through" on shingles. (See ALGAE STAINS ON ASPHALT ROOF SHINGLES and also STAINS on ROOF SHINGLES for a more detailed discussion of bleed through or extractive bleeding as well as black algae stains on roof shingles.

When black stains on the roof surface are more uniform and cover a wide area that does not originate at one or more single pinpoints in the shingles, this may be a black algae growing on the shingle surface.

As we said about green algae on roofs, the presence of these black fungal or algal stains on the roof is an indicator that this roof area is in a shaded spot where you may want to be alert for development of moss or other roof problems, but the level of damage from the black fungus or algae is probably low, even less than that caused by lichens and certainly less than that caused by moss. Avoid any aggressive cleaning methods that might damage the roof surface.

How to clean off mossy or lichens-covered roofs

Photograph of mossy growth on a worn out asphalt shingle roof

Do not try to clean a roof like the one shown in this photograph. The shingles are worn out and fragile. It will be impossible to clean the roof without damaging it. A new roof is needed.

In our opinion, any roof surface brushing or raking should be done with great care to minimize damage to the shingles themselves. If there is any doubt about the condition of the shingles underneath the moss, work gently by hand on a small area first to see the condition of the shingles below.

If the roof shingles are fragile, brittle, cracking, curled, the risk of serious damage to the roof during moss removal is much more likely. The roof may look cleaner, but its remaining life may be reduced by aggressive cleaning.

Power washing or brushing: it is possible to remove moss from a roof surface by gentle cleaning using a soft brush or a power washer.

But be careful: power washing or even brushing or sweeping an asphalt shingle roof (or a wood shingle roof in old, worn, fragile condition) is itself a process that can damage the roof by breaking shingles or by loosening the protective mineral granules from the shingle surface. As stated at Power Washing Roofs we do not recommend power-washing asphalt shingles nor asbestos-cement roof shingles nor any other roofing product that can be damaged by high pressure spraying.

Raking off roof moss: using a flexible leaf rake to remove moss, providing the raking is done gently, may be easier than brushing. Debris on the roof after raking off moss can make it more difficult to see the actual condition of the shingles. Also, raking leaves more loose debris on the roof that may need to be gently washed off with a garden hose. Otherwise the debris will wash down and clog roof gutters

Chemicals that "kill" the moss or lichens risk also damaging the shingles or contaminating the environment, and have the further disadvantage that they still leave the moss or lichens in place where it holds water on the roof surface.

How to prevent moss or lichens growth on roof surfaces

How to Prevent Moss, Lichens & Algae Growth on Roofs

On an asphalt or possibly some (treated) wood shingle roofs, shingle chemistry is also involved in moss, lichens and algae growth or resistance to it. Some roof shingle materials contain algaecides or fungicides which will also retard moss growth on the roof surface. You'll also notice that moss, lichens, and usually algae and fungus will be conspicuously absent from a roof surface down-roof from areas where galvanized metal, copper, or even aluminum flashing are installed. Mineral salts washing off of these metals will retard moss or algae growth on the shingles.

Moss on a wood shingle roof (C) Daniel FriedmanMoss, Lichens, Algae Resistant Roof Shingles

Use algae-resistant shingles when re-roofing. Chemically treated roof shingles are available from several asphalt roofing manufacturers who offer these products which are resistant to moss, lichens, or algae growth on roofs. Discuss this option with your roofer when it's time to replace the roof.

New asphalt roof shingles are available with an inclusion of chemicals that resist moss, lichens, algae, and even fungal growth. Resist does not mean moss-proof or lichens proof however for shingles subject to difficult conditions such as extensive shade under trees and lots of organic debris left on the roof surface.

At A Brief History of Algae-resistant AR-Shingles and What They Are Made-Of we give details about how shingles are made algae resistant - a property that appears to also retard moss growth by using zinc or copper treated mineral granules or flashings.

Metal Flashings can Retard Moss & Lichens Growth on Roofs

We have observed that the chemical or mineral salt wash-off from some building materials like aluminum flashing and copper flashing and even some paints which appear to kill of moss, lichens, algae, and fungus, as their extracts are washed over the roof surface. It's particularly easy to spot this effect by noticing where there are moss-free areas on an otherwise mossy roof surface.

One of our most obvious photos of rain wash off of copper flashing keeping moss off of a roof happens to be on a wood shingle roof, But we see this effect below copper flashing (and often aluminum flashing) on asphalt shingle roofs as well.

Wood shingle roof in Key West FL

Notice the clear area below the turret on top of this wood-shingled pyramid shaped roof located in Key West Florida.

Chemicals from the metal cap atop the turret and from flashing at the turret base appear to be washing down the wood shingles in a path which prevents or even kills off moss, algae, and lichens on this roof (which we viewed from the Key West lighthouse museum.)

Installing copper or other metal strips along the ridge of an existing roof will slowly kill off moss or lichens as rainwater washes over the metal and down the roof surface. This method is suitable for both prevention of future or further moss or lichens growth on the roof and for gently treating an otherwise fragile old roof.

Here is another photograph demonstrating the effect of copper flashing on algae, moss or lichens on a roof.

Give the roof surface more sunlight: Trim back trees whose branches overshadow the roof surface. Keep the roof clean of organic debris like leaves or pine needles which may collect in valleys or at other roof locations.

Steps to prevent or retard moss growth on roof shingles also work about as well for preventing lichens growth. For advice on diagnosing, cleaning, and preventing algae stains on roofing, see Black Stain Removal & Prevention

Trim back trees too close to the building: see our tree trimming advice at TREES & SHRUBS, TRIM OFF BUILDING


Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about about cleaning off moss from building roofs

Question: What about using bleach to clean off roof moss?

I recently bought a home that has green moss on parts of the roof. The roof is only 12 years old and original, but it looks more like 18 years old where the moss is present. I was hoping to get a few more years out of it, before having to replace the shingles.

From everything I've read and/or been told that a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water will do the job. I understand there are commercial products available like "Spray and Forget" that uses hydrogen peroxide as the main ingredient and is effective, environmentally friendly and won't damage trim, siding or decks. However, they are not readily available in Canada. My next door neighbor uses a bleach/water mix, this may do more harm than good!

Can you suggest a mix ratio for the HP/Water? If you have any other suggestions, they would be appreciated. - G.F.

Reply: Go Easy on Mossy Roofs or Risk Short Remaining Roof Life

Above at How to clean off mossy or lichens-covered roofs we discuss the pros and cons of even trying to remove moss from asphalt shingle roofing. I'm worried that with the heavy roof moss growth that you describe, you will pull off so much of the protective granule shingle coating along with the moss that your roof will be rather short-lived if it does not leak immediately, no matter how you remove the moss. Therefore, gentler is better.

At BLACK STAIN REMOVAL & PREVENTION we discuss using bleach, laundry detergent, and TSP-substitute cleaners to try to remove black algae stains from roof shingles, and some rough formulas are given. You could try those solutions on a mossy roof, but I wouldn't.

Algae stained shingles are not the same as mossy shingles. Most often on an algae-stained roof the shingle granules remain pretty much intact, so the risk of converting from a stained roof to a leaky roof is lower than when converting from a mossy roof to a "cleaned" roof.

Therefore in your case I'd either leave things alone entirely or I'd consider installing a zinc or copper ridge strip to slow down further moss growth on the roof.

And in any case I'd be saving up for a new roof. When you re-roof, see How to Prevent Moss, Lichens & Algae Growth on Roofs so that your roof moss problem is less severe in the future.

...

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Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

  • [1] "Poor Season for Sunshine is a Great One for Spores", William Yardley, The New York Times, 20 April 2011, web search, 20 April 2011, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/20/us/20moss.html?_r=1&emc=eta1
  • The Ecology of Algae, F.E. Round, Cambridge University Press, 1984 ISBN-10: 0521269067 ISBN-13: 978-0521269063 (Available at Amazon.com)
    After an introduction outlining the chemical and physical characteristics of the environment, the book goes on to look at the actual habitats in which algae occur. The communities of the individual habitats such as open water, sediments, rocky shores, coral reefs, hot springs, sea ice, soil, etc., are then discussed with special phenomena highlighted, for example rhythmic activity, nitrogen fixation and buoyancy. There are also chapters on seasonal cycles of algal growth, energy flow, geographical dispersion, palaeo-ecology and contribution to sediments. The importance of algae in symbiotic relationships and their considerable significance to animal grazers in aquatic food chains are also discussed. The final chapter deals with the relationships of algae to eutrophication and pollution of water. This is an important aspect, which can only be understood through an appreciation of algal ecology.
  • Lichens of North America, Irwin M. Brodo, Yale University Press, 2001, ISBN-10: 0300082495, # ISBN-13: 978-0300082494 (Available at Amazon.com)
    Quoting from Library Journal:
    Lichens are a combination of a fungus and an alga but have a unique structure and appearance quite different from either. Existing worldwide and growing on a variety of surfaces, including rocks, soil, and trees, they may appear leafy, shrubby, mossy, crusty, or jellylike and are seen in a wide range of colors, from brilliant oranges, yellows, and reds to dull grays and browns. This huge new book, written by a world authority on lichens and emeritus research scientist at the Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, provides information on about 1500 of the roughly 3600 recognized North American lichens. Part 1 introduces lichens in 14 clearly written chapters that discuss their biology, ecology, geography, environmental roles, and collection. Part 2, the heart of the book, is a guide that offers identification keys to groups, genera, and species and their descriptions, with accompanying photographs and North American distribution maps. The more than 900 truly beautiful, full-color photos were taken by the Sharnoffs, nature photographers whose work has been widely published in National Geographic, Smithsonian, and elsewhere. Of value to professionals and amateurs alike, this book is certain to be a classic reference for decades to come. Highly recommended for academic and research libraries and for public libraries where interest warrants; libraries needing only a brief yet informative introduction to lichens should consider William Purvis's inexpensive Lichens (Smithsonian Institution, 2000). William H. Wiese, Iowa State Univ. Lib., Ames

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson DunlopThe Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

    Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
  • Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, Hardcover: 320 pages, available from Amazon.com and also Wiley.com. See our book review of this publication.
  • Decks and Porches, the JLC Guide to, Best Practices for Outdoor Spaces, Steve Bliss (Editor), The Journal of Light Construction, Williston VT, 2010 ISBN 10: 1-928580-42-4, ISBN 13: 978-1-928580-42-3, available from Amazon.com
  • The Journal of Light Construction has generously given reprint permission to InspectAPedia.com for this article. All rights and contents are ©Journal of Light Construction and may not be reproduced in any form.
  • Architectural elements: the technological revolution: Galvanized iron roof plates and corrugated sheets; cast iron facades, columns, door and window caps, ... (American historical catalog collection), Diana S Waite, available used out of Amazon.
  • Asphalt Roofing Residential Manual,
  • Building Pathology, Deterioration, Diagnostics, and Intervention, Samuel Y. Harris, P.E., AIA, Esq., ISBN 0-471-33172-4, John Wiley & Sons, 2001 [General building science-DF] ISBN-10: 0471331724 ISBN-13: 978-0471331728
  • Building Pathology: Principles and Practice, David Watt, Wiley-Blackwell; 2 edition (March 7, 2008) ISBN-10: 1405161035 ISBN-13: 978-1405161039
  • Built-Up Roof Systems, Manual, C.W. Griffin, Mcgraw-Hill (Tx); 2nd edition (July 1982), ISBN-10: 0070247838, ISBN-13: 978-0070247833
  • Concrete Folded Plate Roofs, C. Wilby PhD BSc CEng FICE FIStructE (Author), Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998, ISBN-10: 0340662662, ISBN-13: 978-0340662663
  • Concrete Shell Roofs, C. Wilby PhD BSc CEng FICE FIStructE (Author),
  • Concrete Dome Roofs (Longman Concrete Design and Construction Series),
  • Concrete Roofing Tile, History of the, Batsford, 1959, AISN B000HLLOUC (availble used)
  • Copper Roofing, by CDA
  • Copper Roofing, Master specifications for copper roofing and sheet metal work in building construction: Institutional, commercial, industrial, I.E. Anderson, 1961 (hard to find)
  • Corrugated Iron, Building on the Frontier, Simon Holloway
  • Green Roof Plants: A Resource and Planting Guide, Edmund C. Snodgrass, Lucie L. Snodgrass, Timber Press, Incorporated, 2006, ISBN-10: 0881927872, ISBN-13: 978-0881927870. The text covers moisture needs, heat tolerance, hardiness, bloom color, foliage characteristics, and height of 350 species and cultivars.
  • Green Roof Construction and Maintenance, Kelley Luckett, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009, ISBN-10: 007160880X, ISBN-13: 978-0071608800, quoting: Key questions to ask at each stage of the green building process Tested tips and techniques for successful structural design Construction methods for new and existing buildings Information on insulation, drainage, detailing, irrigation, and plant selection Details on optimal soil formulation Illustrations featuring various stages of construction Best practices for green roof maintenance A survey of environmental benefits, including evapo-transpiration, storm-water management, habitat restoration, and improvement of air quality Tips on the LEED design and certification process Considerations for assessing return on investment Color photographs of successfully installed green roofs Useful checklists, tables, and charts
  • Handbook of Building Crafts in Conservation, Jack Bower, Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, NY 1981 ISBN 0-442-2135-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Nr. 81-50643.
  • Historic Preservation Technology: A Primer, Robert A. Young, Wiley (March 21, 2008) ISBN-10: 0471788368 ISBN-13: 978-0471788362
  • Historic Slate Roofs : With How-to Info and Specifications, Tina Skinner (Ed), Schiffer Publishing, 2008, ISBN-10: 0764330012 , ISBN-13: 978-0764330018
  • Low Slope Roofing, Manual of, 4th Ed., C.W. Griffin, Richard Fricklas, McGraw-Hill Professional; 4 edition, 2006, ISBN-10: 007145828X, ISBN-13: 978-0071458283
    • Roof failure causes in depth (and specific methods for avoiding them)
    • Roof design fundamentals and flourishes, based on voluminous industry research and experience
    • New technologies and materials -- using them safely and correctly
    • Comprehensive coverage of all major roofing systems pecifications, inspection, and maintenance tools for roofing work
  • Metal Roofing, an Illustrated Guide, R.A. Knowlton , [metal shingle roofs],
  • Patio Roofs, how to build, Sunset Books
  • Problems in Roofing Design, B. Harrison McCampbell, Butterworth Heineman, 1991 ISBN 0-7506-9162-X (available used)
  • Roofing The Right Way, Steven Bolt, McGraw-Hill Professional; 3rd Ed (1996), ISBN-10: 0070066507, ISBN-13: 978-0070066502
  • Slate Roofs, National Slate Association, 1926, reprinted 1977 by Vermont Structural Slate Co., Inc., Fair Haven, VT 05743, 802-265-4933/34. (We recommend this book if you can find it. It has gone in and out of print on occasion.)
  • Roof Tiling & Slating, a Practical Guide, Kevin Taylor, Crowood Press (2008), ISBN 978-1847970237,
    If you have never fixed a roof tile or slate before but have wondered how to go about repairing or replacing them, then this is the book for you. Many of the technical books about roof tiling and slating are rather vague and conveniently ignore some of the trickier problems and how they can be resolved. In Roof Tiling and Slating, the author rejects this cautious approach. Kevin Taylor uses both his extensive knowledge of the trade and his ability to explain the subject in easily understandable terms, to demonstrate how to carry out the work safely to a high standard, using tried and tested methods. 
    This clay roof tile guide considers the various types of tiles, slates, and roofing materials on the market as well as their uses, how to estimate the required quantities, and where to buy them. It also discusses how to check and assess a roof and how to identify and rectify problems; describes how to efficiently "set out" roofs from small, simple jobs to larger and more complicated projects, thus making the work quicker, simpler, and neater; examines the correct and the incorrect ways of installing background materials such as underlay, battens, and valley liners; explains how to install interlocking tiles, plain tiles, and artificial and natural slates; covers both modern and traditional methods and skills, including cutting materials by hand without the assistance of power tools; and provides invaluable guidance on repairs and maintenance issues, and highlights common mistakes and how they can be avoided. The author, Kevin Taylor, works for the National Federation of Roofing Contractors as a technical manager presenting technical advice and providing education and training for young roofers.
  • The Slate Roof Bible, Joseph Jenkins, www.jenkinsslate.com, 143 Forest Lane, PO Box 607, Grove City, PA 16127 - 866-641-7141 (We recommend this book).
  • Slate Roofing in Canada (Studi4es in archaeology, architecture, and history),
  • Smart Guide: Roofing: Step-by-Step Projects, Creative Homeowner (Ed), 2004, ISBN-10: 1580111491, ISBN-13: 978-1580111492
  • Solar heating, radiative cooling and thermal movement: Their effects on built-up roofing (United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical note), William C Cullen, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govt. Print. Off (1963), ASIN: B0007FTV2Q
  • Tile Roofs of Alfred: A Clay Tradition in Alfred NY
  • "Weather-Resistive Barriers [copy on file as /interiors/Weather_Resistant_Barriers_DOE.pdf ] - ", how to select and install housewrap and other types of weather resistive barriers, U.S. DOE
  • Wood Shingle Roofs, Care and Maintenance of wood shingle and shake roofs (EC), Stanley S. Niemiec (out of print)
  • ...
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