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Outdoor Floodlight Diagnosis & Repair
How to 120V repair outdoor light fixtures
- POST a QUESTION or COMMENT about exterior lighting installation, troubleshooting, repair, & electrical codes
This article describes diagnosing & fixing an outdoor light that is not working.
Here we explain & illustrate how to inspect and test a dawn-to-dusk floodlight or security light that is not working. Starting with how to use a neon tester to confirm that electrical power is off before touching electrical wires, we continue with a list of things to check if your outdoor light won't turn on.
This article series discusses outdoor lighting installation, troubleshooting and repair procedures. This series also explains how to install recessed lights in an exterior soffit or roof overhang. We provide lighting installation suggestions about the type of light fixture to use, light fixture support, clearances, fire safety, moisture resistance, switch location, and electrical code citations for exterior lighting on buildings.
InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.
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How to diagnose & fix an outdoor "Dusk to Dawn" motion-sensor light fixture that won't light-up
Below in a series of steps we show how to test the operation of outdoor dawn-to-dusk light fixtures to diagnose just about any malfunction. By "outdoor" light fixtures we include lights that may be enclosed or recessed in a soffit, mounted on a wall, or atop a pole or similar independent support.
These same diagnostics will troubleshoot other outdoor lighting such as floodlights and security or motion-sensor lights regardless of whether or not the light includes a dawn-to-dusk feature.
Reader Question:
2016/04/03 Freezing Cold said:
Without warning, our outdoor dusk to dawn light stopped working Tried cleaning the fixture's sensor & changing floodlight bulbs, but that didn't help.
Any ideas or suggestions? Or is this 3-year old fixture a goner? Thanks.
This question appeared originally at: ELECTRICAL INSPECTION, DIAGNOSIS, REPAIR
Here are the steps to diagnose & fix a floodlight, motion-sensor light, security or dawn-to-dusk outdoor light that is not working:
Reply: Watch out: some of these inspection steps or bulb socket repair attempts must be done with electrical power turned off. Otherwise there is risk of death by electrocution; if you don't know how to do this safely ask for help from a licensed electrician as you could be killed.
Article Contents
- REPAIR AUTOMATIC OUTDOOR LIGHT FIXTURE
- SECURITY / MOTION SENSOR LIGHT INSTALL - separate article
Turn off Electrical Power and Confirm that Electricity is OFF at the Fixture Before Touching It
[Click to enlarge any image]
A simple and very inexpensive tool such as a Neon Tester lamp can be used to determine if electrical power is on or off at an electrical wire or device before it is handled. Having been surprised once by discovering that my tester itself had failed, now before checking the status of an un-certain electrical circuit, I confirm that my neon tester is working normally by inserting its probes into a known-live electrical receptacle - illustrated above.
In our photograph above the neon tester's leads are touched to the line and neutral wires and the bulb is LIT indicating that electrical power is ON at this circuit. In our next photo below you can see that the neon tester's light is OFF indicating that power has now been turned OFF.
Watch out: this is not a reliable nor a complete electrical system test. For example, a weakly-grounded wire or electrode may look just fine when tested with a VOM, a DMM, or a neon tester, but when subject to higher current flow the ground may be completely inadequate.
Watch out: some of these inspection steps or bulb socket repair attempts must be done with electrical power turned off. There is risk of death by electrocution; if you don't know how to do this ask for help from a licensed electrician as you could be killed.
More safety advice is
Inspect the Outdoor Fixture Before Starting Tests
Here is a list of outdoor light installation snafus that might upset a licensed electrician as well as your local electrical inspector. All of these conditions were found at the same "not-working" outdoor light.
Leaks into the light's electrical box mount
Before closer inspection of the wiring and bulb socket on the "Dawn-to-Dusk" floodlight fixture discussed in this article I took a look at how the fixture was mounted on the wall. Above my screwdriver tip is pointing to an opening into the wall above this surface-mounted outdoor light.
I didn't see any sign that a weatherproof electrical box had been used for this installation, so I already suspected that I would find amateur electrical wiring that may be unsafe.
Improper mounting screws for the outdoor light
A second warning sign that my cousin Neil might have done this light installation and wiring (Neil is a good guy but not so handy) was the use of interior drywall screws to mount the light fixture to the wooden clapboard wall.
Interior Work Electrical Box used at an Outdoor Light Fixture
Aside from electrical code violations and risk of water entry that short-circuits the light fixture, making it unsafe even to touch, leaks into the building wall at this sloppy light installation risk longer term structural damage from rot or from having attracted wood-destroying insects.
Electrical Box Not Secured to Wall
Woe continued at this electrical job. The electrical box was "secured" to the wall simply by having driven electrical wire staples into the wall through one of the box ears.
The box was loose in the wall and neither of these staples at the box top and bottom was holding it in place. I could pull the staples out or the whole box with two fingers and a little tug.
Damaged Gasket Seal at the Outdoor Light Fixture
Finally the gasket that was intended to seal this outdoor floodlight to its electrical box mount was itself so deteriorated that water readily entered the fixture, its wiring, and the "electrical box" behind it.
We decided to install a new wet-location electrical box on this wall, mount a new motion-sensor floodlight fixture to the new box, and of course to seal the box to the wall.
Diagnosis: Check for These Security Light Problems
Review these checks and tests in about the order given to find out why your light is not working. I'm listing steps in an order guided by a guess at probability of the problem cause along with ease or simplicity of each step.
- The bulb: take a bulb that's known to be working - you saw it lit on a fixture - and try it in the fixture - if it won't light then try it again in the fixture where it was working to confirm the bulb is still good, OR try the existing light's bulb in an indoor fixture - we want to avoid looking dumb because we had a bad bulb
- Switches: check that all relevant switches are on
- Electrical power: check for electrical power right at the fixture, using a DMM, VOM, or neon tester.
Watch out: if you don't know how to do this ask for help from a licensed electrician as you could be killed. - Corroded electrical lamp socket base or sides: if your outdoor light or floodlight is flickering or goes out entirely the cause may be the obvious ( a burnt-out bulb) but it might be more subtle: corrosion in the bulb socket.
Test the floodlamp bub in another fixture: if the bulb lights then the problem is in the bulb socket or the fixture itself.
With electrical power to the light switched OFF and confirmed as OFF using a neon tester or other test device, try cleaning, scraping, sanding the bulb contact points and then using a small screwdriver, gently lift the center contact point a few millimeters up to assure that it makes good contact with the bulb base.
Watch out: if you don't turn power off before trying to clean up or replace a bulb fixture you could be shocked or killed.
- Cracked lamp socket: If the fixture still won't light check for a cracked or damaged bulb socket such as the damaged floodlamp socket shown in my photo above.
- Bulb base: some new bulbs, including some LED units sold as outdoor floodlamps are manufactured with a shorter bulb-base than older lamps.
Some of these short-based bulbs also feature a shoulder at the top of the threaded bases. The bulb shoulder may contact the top of the lamp socket before the tip contact on the bulb's base contacts the electrical contact in the bottom of the lamp socket.
Sometimes, with power off to avoid being shocked, you can gently pry up the tab in the bottom of the bulb socket base to make better contact with the bulb.
Also try using an older style incandescent bulb just to test for contact and lighting. - Manual "on": If the fixture has power and the bulb is good, use the motion/sensor or control for the light to put it into "TEST" mode. That should bypass the automatic control and force the light on.
If the Manual ON switch doesn't illuminate the light, someone who can follow the wires can bypass the sensor - if the fixture lights, then you know you need to replace just the sensor assembly. - Internal wiring or splice disconnects: disassemble the light from its mounting base or electrical box and check each of the spliced or twist-on connector connections therein.
A broken wire may or a very corroded connection in an electrical box that was not weather-tight might explain why the light was not working. Below I've disassembled the black "line" wiring in preparation for re-making that electrical connection. Notice that an electrical ground is not visible in this fixture.
Ultimately we installed a new floodlight at this location. That installation is detailed
at SECURITY / MOTION SENSOR LIGHT INSTALL .
Watch out: work with electrical power off; if you don't know how to do this, ask for help from a licensed electrician as you could be killed.
- Replace the light fixture: as a last resort, change the whole fixture along with its sensor.
Please see SECURITY / MOTION SENSOR LIGHT INSTALL for complete details on how to replace or install a new outdoor security light or floodlight with a motion detection sensor.
...
Reader Comments, Questions & Answers About The Article Above
Below you will find questions and answers previously posted on this page at its page bottom reader comment box.
Reader Q&A - also see RECOMMENDED ARTICLES & FAQs
On 2021-06-04 by (mod)
@sean o sullivan,
If it's one bulb with half its elements out, the bulb has failed and needs replacement.
If there are two bulbs and one is off, most-likely the bulb has failed, though there could also be a failed electrical connection inside the light fixture electrical box.
On 2021-06-04 by sean o sullivan
why is only half my led floodlight lighting
On 2021-05-16 by My 3 Dogs
Thanks.
On 2021-05-12 by (mod)
@ Dogs,
I think you're describing an intermittent electrical problem that may be a wiring connection, splice, or switch or control that needs repair or replacement. Ask your electrician to trace the circuit and look for those troubles before replacing the fixtures themselves.
On 2021-05-11 by My 3 Dogs
Non-motion non-dusk to dawn outdoor flood light fixtures with halogen bulbs.
I have two outdoor fixtures one on the side of the house and one on the back of the house, that the (if looking at) right side bulb comes on then goes out or doesn't come on at all, when I turn it on. Both of these light fixtures are on different wall switches. I thought it was the bulbs so I replaced them. Same thing happened.
I replaced both fixtures with new ones of the same type. Same thing happened. I am wanting to replace these fixtures with new motion type with security cameras but I'm afraid that the same issue will exist. I know that this must be a common issue with a problem or fix, because I've seen it posted.
Any idea if this is a power source or fuse box issue?
On 2021-02-24 by (mod)
@Anonymous, without a shred of information about your building I don't think I can offer useful answer to why your lights don't work but an electrician would start at the electrical panel looking for a tripped circuit breaker or blown fuse and then she would trace a circuit forward to see if you have an open connection.
On 2021-02-24 by Anonymous
All my exterior lights stopped working since we have had a very cold week, why?
On 2021-02-07 by (mod)
Anon
Take a look at what actual time you are seeing your security light on bright vs dim; some security lights can be programmed to turn on at a "dim" or low light level and will brighten if the light's motion sensor is tripped.
Then take a look at the instructions for your security light brand and model to see if it has the "dim-on" feature I describe as that can then be set to your preference.
On 2021-02-07 by Anonymous
Led security light will come on some nights and other nights will have a dim glow only and then will possibly come on in the middle of night and sometimes does not come on
On 2021-01-19 by (mod) - outdoor dusk to dawn flood light that stopped working. Tried new bulb and that didn't work.
Robert
Is it possible that the problem is the bulb socket?
Check for a corroded or broken bulb socket.
On 2021-01-19 by Robert A.
Had an outdoor dusk to dawn flood light that stopped working. Tried new bulb and that didn't work. Fixture/wiring seemed to be ok as well as confirmed power running to fixture. Bought new LED fixture and light still won't come on in total darkness. Am I missing anything? Thank you.
On 2020-11-16 1 - by (mod) -
Apologies Jeffrey but I don't understand the question. Choke?
On 2020-11-16 by Jeffrey owusu
Do 3 eye flood light have choke?
If yes! How does it look light. Thank you.
On 2020-09-18 - by (mod) -
Check the switches the set up the floodlight and are found Ali's underside. Some floodlights have a daytime mode leaves leaves the light on dim. You can turn that off
On 2020-09-18 by rami
I have a flood light in my back yard sometimes turn off but no completely, after 15 minutes turn back on.Some can help me thank you.
On 2020-09-13 - by (mod) -
Scotty
I've seen quick bulb failures from
- poor quality bulbs (made you know where)
- loose or damaged wiring - this is the most-common cause as a bad or overheating connection can cause flickering - sometimes not so visible to humans - that tortures the bulb filament into an early demise
- voltage surges
- wet electrical connections
On 2020-09-13 by Scotty
Put new sensor on top of light.
Blows bulb after one night.
Any thoughts??
On 2020-08-21 by Anonymous
What would cause an outdoor censored floodlight to dim when you screw in the 2nd bulb
On 2019-12-28 by (mod) -
Start by putting in a bulb that's known to be good by having tested it in an another fixture. That can also confirm that you have power to the light.
On 2019-12-28 by Anonymous
Sensor outside lights , just lids once then is dead, ive checked all lights they are fine, day night sensor was removed , lights still off what can the problem be
On 2019-11-08 by (mod) -
Karen
Sometimes the socket itself is damaged - I've seen the socket shell split - so that it will no longer hold the bulb. That may be what happened to yours; see if you can snap a photo without getting shocked or falling off a ladder, and look for a split in the screw-in shell.
TAKE CARE don't stick a tool or finger into the socket or you can be shocked or killed. Work with POWER OFF.
By the way it may be cheaper to replace the floodlight, but those sockets can be replaced.
On 2019-11-08 by Karen
I tried another bulb but same results.
On 2019-11-08 2 by Karen
Why would an outdoor house roof flood light suddenly stop from its socket? It was a working bulb so I tried to screw it back in n but it would not hold! The bulb will not screw into the socket like it always has! Should a flood light bulb simply drop from the socket?
On 2018-11-28 by (mod) -
Wilda
Have you tried replacing the bulb?
On 2018-11-27 by Wilda Oranje
I have a large yard light is dust to dawn, it stopped working, I don't know if its the bulb or the sensor... Please ...Asap.
On 2018-08-24 by Gerri
My 5 yr old motion sensor light stop working after playing with it it came back on after I plug it back up stayed on five minutes went back out but it want come on if walking by it only when it’s unplug and plug back up
On 2018-07-18 by (mod) -
Tom
Even though some switches and sensors that get wet will dry out and appear to work normally for a time, in my experience ultimately corrosion from even a single wetting will usually lead to control or switch failure. I'd replace the sensor - you can purchase just that part and don't have to replace the entire fixture.
Example: here is a white replacement motions detector for an exterior light, from Cooper Lighting MS180W Motion Sensor-300W
IMAGE LOST by older version of Clark Van Oyen’s useful Comments code - now fixed. Please re-post the image if you can. Sorry. Mod.
On 2018-07-18 by Tom Jones
Will the sensor fail completely ones it gets water on the inside? The light still goes on and off again after a few minutes once it's switched on from the main supply but fail to do so again after the first time. Then it staya off. Please help
On 2017-12-08 by (mod) -
it's possible that the sensor has failed
On 2017-12-07 by Dennis Brohm
I have a daylight and nighttime sensor that turns the lights on in my building . It seems to be staying on in the day time now . Not sure what the issue is .
...
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Citations & References
In addition to any citations in the article above, a full list is available on request.
- [1] Codes & Standards pertaining to fire-rating enclosures:
- ASTM E119-05a
- UL 263 (also see Canadian CUL specifications)
- UBC 7-1
- NFPA 251
- ANSI A2.1
- IP66
- [2] Steven Bliss served as editorial director and co-publisher of The Journal of Light Construction for 16 years and previously as building technology editor for Progressive Builder and Solar Age magazines. He worked in the building trades as a carpenter and design/build contractor for more than ten years and holds a masters degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Education. Excerpts from his recent book, Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, Wiley (November 18, 2005) ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, appear throughout this website, with permission and courtesy of Wiley & Sons. Best Practices Guide is available from the publisher, J. Wiley & Sons, and also at Amazon.com .
- [3] Carson Dunlop provides home inspection education including the ASHI-adopted a Home Inspection Home Study Course, and publications such as the Home Reference Book, the Home Reference eBook, and report writing materials including the Horizon report writer, and home inspection services. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
- [4] Paul Galow [Website galowconsulting.com ] - technical consultant on networking, LAN design, applications support. Galow Consulting Services [Website galowconsulting.com ] , 914-204-1749, email: paulgalow@galowconsulting.com
- [5] New Jersey State Energy Code, N.J.A.C. 5:23-3.18, Recessed Lighting Fixtures (RLFs), Uniform Construction Code Communicator, Vol. 16, No. 1, Spring 2004, p. 8, Division of Codes and Standards, POB 802, Trenton NJ 08625-0802. Web site for free downloads of the energy
compliance tools REScheck, New Jersey edition and
COMcheck-EZ is www.energycodes.gov.
Quoting:
N.J.A.C. 5:23-3.18 adopts by reference the 1995 edition of the Council of American Building Officials’ Model Energy Code (CABO MEC/1995) as New Jersey’s Energy Subcode of the Uniform Construction Code. Sections 502.3.4 and 602.3.3 of CABO MEC/1995, both entitled “Recessed Lighting Fixtures,” contain requirements for RLFs in relation to the Energy Subcode. The following are the three options for the installation of RLFs when installed in the building envelope. Only one must be followed to meet the requirements of the Energy Subcode:
1. Type IC rated, manufactured with no penetrations between the inside of the recessed fixture and ceiling cavity, and sealed or gasketed to prevent air leakage into the unconditioned space; or
2. Type IC rated or non-IC rated, installed inside a sealed box constructed from a minimum ½-inch-thick gypsum wall board or constructed from preformed polymeric vapor barrier, or other air-tight assembly manufactured for this purpose, while maintaining required clearances of not less than ½ inch from combustible material and not less than three inches from insulation material; or
3. Type IC rated, in accordance with ASTM E 283- 91 (Standard Method of Test for Rate of Air Leakage Through Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors), with no more than 2.0 cfm air movement from the conditioned space to the ceiling cavity. The lighting fixture shall be tested at 75 Pa or 1.57 lbs/ft2 pressure difference and shall be labeled.
Sections 502.3.4 and 602.3.3 of CABO MEC/1995 are the responsibility of the building subcode official, who inspects RLFs to ensure that they are either insulation cover rated (IC rated), or installed in a sealed box that has the insulation at least three inches from the light fixture. It is the building subcode official’s responsibility to ensure compliance, both in the inspection plan review and inspection plan review stages, because RLFs pose a potential fire hazard if installed incorrectly with insulation. These fixtures also act as chimneys, transferring heat loss and moisture through the building envelope into attic spaces if not installed properly. The heat loss resulting from improperly insulated RLFs can be significant.
NOTE: Electrical subcode officials are responsible for the wiring methods of RLFs. - [6] "Out of Sight, Out of Mind - the dangers and requirements of recessed light fixtures", Kellie K. Speed, Electrical Contractor, Feb. 2009, Quoting:
When installing recessed fixtures, carefully consider the location of the units. The presence of combustible materials surrounding the luminaire is very important, and recessed lights can act as chimneys for heat loss and moisture transfer into attic spaces. Many residential fires have resulted from improperly installed or modified recessed light fixtures, but they can be easily avoided. In older homes that may have existing recessed lighting fixtures, homeowners sometimes cover these fixtures with insulation. As a result, the insulation traps the heat created by the bulb and either melts the insulation on the electrical wiring or ignites combustible materials, which is, of course, a fire hazard. It is vital to ensure the area surrounding the recessed fixture is insulated properly. In addition to fire, the interior of a property could be compromised if air leakage occurs, resulting in moisture, condensation and mold. Sealing the building properly reduces air movement in and out of the building. Uncontrolled air movement will negatively impact the heating and cooling systems, resulting in higher initial and ongoing maintenance costs. There certainly is a lot to consider when installing recessed lighting. For help, consult the National Electrical Code (NEC). Article 410 Parts M and N offer special provisions for recessed luminaires installed in walls or ceilings. Most of these Code requirements are designed to protect combustible building materials from temperatures greater than 90°C (194°F). - [7] National Electrical Code, (NEC). Article 410 Parts M and N: provisions for recessed luminaires installed in walls or ceilings.
- [8] "E-Series LED Recessed Light, Installation instructions for E6-E26-30-WH, retrofit installation or new construction installation, American Lighting, www.americanlighting.com
- [9] "Information Bulletin - Recessed Light Fittings", ACE Insurance Limited, CU1-3, Shed 24, Princes Wharf, Auckland 1010, website: http://www.aceinsurance.co.nz/,
Ace reported a "near miss" inner city apartment complex fire traced to recessed light fittings. Quoting:
An investigation into the cause of a fault on an apartment complex’s fire alarm system revealed the cause as a slow smouldering fire involving the heat detector wiring. Further investigation indicated the probable cause of the fire to be due to a nearby recessed incandescent light fitting which had overheated. The insulation on the electric wiring at the point of connection to the light fitting had been burnt away and the burning had continued for several metres along the electrical wiring to the switch and another interconnected light fitting within the same room. Thermal insulation material (fibreglass batts) was present in the roof space around the recessed light fittings. The recessed light fittings had been installed in the room for more than 15 years without any previous issues. Repairs to the roof had been carried out some 5 years previously which required contractors to access the roof space directly above the room.
Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules (AS/NZS 3000:2007 provides minimum clearance for recessed light fittings but emphasizes that The importance of following relevant codes and standards and the recessed light manufacturer's installation requirements cannot be over-emphasized.Dimension Incandescent lamp Halogen lamp Clearance - luminaire to building element above 50 mm 200 mm Side clearance - luminaire to structural member 100 mm 200 mm Clearance -luminaire to thermal insulation 50 mm 200 mm Clearance - luminaire to supply transformer 50 mm 50 m - [10] E.Z. Barrier, fire-rated: Fire-rated Recessed Light Enclosure, E.Z. Barrier, 901 N 3rd St, Ste 130 Minneapolis, MN 55401 Ph. 612.436.0606 Fax 612.436.0608 sales@ezbarrier.com, Website: www.ezbarrier.com Product literature describes one-hour rated enclosure for recessed lights that save time over a site built fire-rated recessed light enclosure complies with the fire resistance codes listed in citation [1] above.
- [11] "Liteline Recessed Lighting, Luminaire Encastre, 6-in. Remodel IC/non-IC housing, air tight, Installation Instructions", Liteline Corporation, info@lifeline.com, web: lifeline.com, Tel: 866-730-7704
- [12] "Wiring Methods Utilizing Suspended Ceilings (Revised", State of Oregon, Building Codes Division, code interpretation, 10/1/2002, Gary A. Wilson, Chief Electrical Inspector & Doug Alexander, Structural Code Specialist. This interpretation specifies that in light duty systems certain light fixtures (such as recessed fluorescent lighting), the ceiling system shall not be used for the support of the lighting fixtures. Intermediate-duty ceilings may be used for supporting recessed lighting fixtures provided certain support detail specifications are followed. Heavy duty ceiling systems require that the recessed light fixture be secured to specifications included in the interpretation. Web search 4/29/12, original source: http://www.etnews.org/docs/wiring_methods_suspended_ceilings.pdf
- [13] "Recessed Light (Non-Insulating), Installation Instructions, CANARM Lighting & Fans, Tel: 800-265-1833 (English) or 800-567-2513 (French) or 800-267-4427 (USA) describe a recessed light fixture retrofit through a drywall ceiling.
- [14] "Downlights, Recessed Downlight Housings - Installation", Lucifer Lighting Company, 414 Live Oak St., San Antonnio TX 78202, Tel: 210-227-7329, www.luciferlighting.com
- [15] "Outdoor Recessed Light Kit Installation Instructions, apply to downlights / stair lights", Dekor, 2655 Santa Fe Unit 4H, Denver CO 80223, 2011, Customer Support: 800-258-0344, Website: www.DE-Kor.com. This document describes installation for a 12V DC constant current 3A transformer with a waterproof design IP66-rated, UL and CUL approved, and LED lighting fixtures that are waterproof and can be submerged in water. cf: OUTDOORRecessedLight Install1.pdf
- [16] "Recessed Lighting Tips", Arcadian Lighting, website: www.arcadianlighting.com Tel: 888-228-8856. [No mailing address provided]
- In addition to citations & references found in this article, see the research citations given at the end of the related articles found at our suggested
CONTINUE READING or RECOMMENDED ARTICLES.
- Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd., 120 Carlton Street Suite 407, Toronto ON M5A 4K2. Tel: (416) 964-9415 1-800-268-7070 Email: info@carsondunlop.com. Alan Carson is a past president of ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors.
Thanks to Alan Carson and Bob Dunlop, for permission for InspectAPedia to use text excerpts from The HOME REFERENCE BOOK - the Encyclopedia of Homes and to use illustrations from The ILLUSTRATED HOME .
Carson Dunlop Associates provides extensive home inspection education and report writing material. In gratitude we provide links to tsome Carson Dunlop Associates products and services.
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