Illustrated Guide to Clay Tile Roof Installation: Eaves, Ridge, Hip, Rake Closure

CLAY TILE EAVES, HIP & RAKE DETAILS - Special clay tile roof flashing & fittings for tile roof eaves, hips, rakes
- Eaves closure details for clay tile roofs
- Ridge & hip installation details for clay tile roofs
- Rake installation details for clay tile roofs
- Clay roof tile eaves, hip, ridge & rake closure installation procedures, details, specifications
Questions & Answers about how clay tile roof openings are enclosed or sealed at eaves, ridge, hips, etc.
References

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This article describes the special connection methods used seal or close the ridge, hip, and rake sections of clay tile roofs.

Eaves, Hip, & Rake Installation Details for Tile Roofs

This article series discusses best practices in the selection and installation of residential roofing. Also see our home page for clay tile roofing, starting at CLAY TILE ROOFING.

Adapted/paraphrased with permission from Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, chapter on BEST ROOFING PRACTICES:

A number of specialized flashings, tiles, and fittings simplify modern roofing tile installations.

At left our photo shows special ridge tiles on a home in New York state, including one broken tile that needs replacement. In this location leakage was minimal.

Key details for interlocking flat and profile roofing tiles are shown in Figure 2-26 and Figure 2-27 just below, illustrating both curved (below left) and flat (below right) clay (or concrete) roof tile installation fittings that help seal against the weather. [Click any image to see an enlarged, detailed vesion.'

Figure 2-26: Clay tile roof flashings and fittings (C) J Wiley S Bliss

Figure 2-27: Clay tile roof flashings and fittings (C) J Wiley S Bliss

Eaves Closure Requirements on Tile Roofs

Figure 2-28: Eaves closure methods for clay tile roofs (C) J Wiley, S Bliss

Both profile and flat clay roof tiles need special treatment at the eaves to raise the bottom edge of the first tile to the correct height and to close off any openings to birds and insects.

For profile tiles, many tile roofing contractors use a metal birdstop, a preformed L-shaped strip with the vertical leg cut to match the underside of the first tile and fit snugly between the weather checks (see Figure 2-28 at left).

Figure 2-26: Eaves closure methods for clay tile roofs (C) J Wiley, S Bliss

With some high-profile clay or concrete roofing tiles, a special eaves-closure tile achieves the same effect as shown in Figure 2-26 at left

[Click any of our images or tables to see an enlarged view.]

With flat clay roofing tiles, the first course may be raised with a special starter tile, as shown at left in Figure 2-27, or by a metal eaves closure, raised fascia, or wood cant strip.

With a cant strip or raised fascia, a beveled wood or foam antiponding strip is required to prevent ponding of water along the eaves (Figure 2-29 below).

Figure 2-29: Eaves closure methods for clay tile roofs (C) J Wiley, S Bliss

Ridge and Hip Requirements on Tile Roofs

Figure 2-30: Ridge and hip details for clay tile roofs (C) J Wiley, S Bliss

Unless hip and ridge tiles on a clay tile roof are going to be set into a continuous bed of mortar, special nailers are required to install them.

The hip and ridge boards are typically 2x3s to 2x6s set on edge to hold the trim tiles in an even plane. They are toenailed in place and individually wrapped with felt (Figure 2-30 shown at left).

Hip and ridge tiles are later nailed on with a 2-inch head-lap, and the lower ends are sealed at the overlap with roofing cement or an approved tile adhesive.

Finally, mortar, special trim tiles, or other weatherblocking is applied to fill in gaps between the ridge and hip tiles and the field tile.

Rake Requirements on Tile Roofs

Figure 3-31: Rake details for clay tile roofs (C) J Wiley, S Bliss

Rakes on clay tile roofs may be finished with detached gable-rake tiles (as shown in Figures 2-26 and Figure 2-27 shown just above, or with highprofile tiles, trimmed simply with half-round trim tiles as shown in Figure 2-31 shown at left.

-- Adapted with permission from Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction.

Resources: Roofing Materials & Equipment Suppliers

Manufacturers

Concrete Roof Tiles

Bartile Roofs www.bartile.com

Eagle Roofing Products www.eagleroofing.com

Entegra Roof Tile www.entegra.com MonierLifetile www.monierlifetile.com

Vande Hey-Raleigh www.vhr-roof-tile.com

Westile www.westile.com

Clay Roof Tiles

Altusa, Clay Forever LLC www.altusa.com

Ludowici Roof Tile www.ludowici.com

MCA Clay Tile www.mca-tile.com

U.S. Tile Co. www.ustile.com

Tile Fasteners and Adhesives

Dow Building Products www.dow.com/buildingproducts Tile Bond polyurethane foam tile adhesive

Fomo Products www.fomo.com Handi-Stick polyurethane foam tile adhesive

Newport Fastener www.newportfastener.com Twisted wire systems, hurricane clips, nose clips, and the Tyle-Tye TileNail

OSI Sealants www.osisealants.com RT 600 synthetic rubber tile adhesive

Polyfoam Products www.polyfoam.cc Polyset and Polyset One polyurethane foam tile adhesives

Wire works, Inc. www.wireworks-inc.com Tile hooks, hook nails, copper and stainless-steel nails

More Information about Roofing Materials, Methods, Standards

Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association (ARMA) www.asphaltroofing.org

Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau www.cedarbureau.org

Metal Roofing Alliance www.metalroofing.com

Tile Roofing Institute www.tileroofing.org

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-- Adapted with permission from Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about clay tile roof penetrations & openings or leaks

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Technical Reviewers & References

Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.

ARMA - Asphalt Roofing Manufacturer's Association - http://www.asphaltroofing.org/
750 National Press Building, 529 14th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20045, Tel: 202 / 207-0917
ASTM - ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA The ASTM standards listed below can be purchased in fulltext directly from http://www.astm.org/
NRCA - National Roofing Contractors Association - http://www.nrca.net/, 10255 W. Higgins Road, Suite 600, Rosemont, IL 60018-5607, Tel: (847) 299-9070 Fax: (847) 299-1183
UL - Underwriters Laboratories - http://www.ul.com/
2600 N.W. Lake Rd.
Camas, WA 98607-8542
Tel: 1.877.854.3577 / Fax: 1.360.817.6278 E-mail: cec.us@us.ul.com

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The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.

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Best Practices Guide to Residential Construction, by Steven Bliss. John Wiley & Sons, 2006. ISBN-10: 0471648361, ISBN-13: 978-0471648369, Hardcover: 320 pages, available from Amazon.com and also Wiley.com. See our book review of this publication.
Decks and Porches, the JLC Guide to, Best Practices for Outdoor Spaces, Steve Bliss (Editor), The Journal of Light Construction, Williston VT, 2010 ISBN 10: 1-928580-42-4, ISBN 13: 978-1-928580-42-3, available from Amazon.com
The Journal of Light Construction has generously given reprint permission to InspectAPedia.com for this article. All rights and contents are ©Journal of Light Construction and may not be reproduced in any form.
Architectural elements: the technological revolution: Galvanized iron roof plates and corrugated sheets; cast iron facades, columns, door and window caps, ... (American historical catalog collection), Diana S Waite, available used out of Amazon.
Asphalt Roofing Residential Manual,
Building Pathology, Deterioration, Diagnostics, and Intervention, Samuel Y. Harris, P.E., AIA, Esq., ISBN 0-471-33172-4, John Wiley & Sons, 2001 [General building science-DF] ISBN-10: 0471331724 ISBN-13: 978-0471331728
Building Pathology: Principles and Practice, David Watt, Wiley-Blackwell; 2 edition (March 7, 2008) ISBN-10: 1405161035 ISBN-13: 978-1405161039
Built-Up Roof Systems, Manual, C.W. Griffin, Mcgraw-Hill (Tx); 2nd edition (July 1982), ISBN-10: 0070247838, ISBN-13: 978-0070247833
Concrete Folded Plate Roofs, C. Wilby PhD BSc CEng FICE FIStructE (Author), Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998, ISBN-10: 0340662662, ISBN-13: 978-0340662663
Concrete Shell Roofs, C. Wilby PhD BSc CEng FICE FIStructE (Author),
Concrete Dome Roofs (Longman Concrete Design and Construction Series),
Concrete Roofing Tile, History of the, Batsford, 1959, AISN B000HLLOUC (availble used)
Copper Roofing, by CDA
Copper Roofing, Master specifications for copper roofing and sheet metal work in building construction: Institutional, commercial, industrial, I.E. Anderson, 1961 (hard to find)
Corrugated Iron, Building on the Frontier, Simon Holloway
Green Roof Plants: A Resource and Planting Guide, Edmund C. Snodgrass, Lucie L. Snodgrass, Timber Press, Incorporated, 2006, ISBN-10: 0881927872, ISBN-13: 978-0881927870. The text covers moisture needs, heat tolerance, hardiness, bloom color, foliage characteristics, and height of 350 species and cultivars.
Green Roof Construction and Maintenance, Kelley Luckett, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2009, ISBN-10: 007160880X, ISBN-13: 978-0071608800, quoting: Key questions to ask at each stage of the green building process Tested tips and techniques for successful structural design Construction methods for new and existing buildings Information on insulation, drainage, detailing, irrigation, and plant selection Details on optimal soil formulation Illustrations featuring various stages of construction Best practices for green roof maintenance A survey of environmental benefits, including evapo-transpiration, storm-water management, habitat restoration, and improvement of air quality Tips on the LEED design and certification process Considerations for assessing return on investment Color photographs of successfully installed green roofs Useful checklists, tables, and charts
Handbook of Building Crafts in Conservation, Jack Bower, Ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, NY 1981 ISBN 0-442-2135-3 Library of Congress Catalog Card Nr. 81-50643.
Historic Preservation Technology: A Primer, Robert A. Young, Wiley (March 21, 2008) ISBN-10: 0471788368 ISBN-13: 978-0471788362
Historic Slate Roofs : With How-to Info and Specifications, Tina Skinner (Ed), Schiffer Publishing, 2008, ISBN-10: 0764330012 , ISBN-13: 978-0764330018
Low Slope Roofing, Manual of, 4th Ed., C.W. Griffin, Richard Fricklas, McGraw-Hill Professional; 4 edition, 2006, ISBN-10: 007145828X, ISBN-13: 978-0071458283
- Roof failure causes in depth (and specific methods for avoiding them)
- Roof design fundamentals and flourishes, based on voluminous industry research and experience
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Metal Roofing, an Illustrated Guide, R.A. Knowlton , [metal shingle roofs],
Patio Roofs, how to build, Sunset Books
Problems in Roofing Design, B. Harrison McCampbell, Butterworth Heineman, 1991 ISBN 0-7506-9162-X (available used)
Roofing The Right Way, Steven Bolt, McGraw-Hill Professional; 3rd Ed (1996), ISBN-10: 0070066507, ISBN-13: 978-0070066502
Slate Roofs, National Slate Association, 1926, reprinted 1977 by Vermont Structural Slate Co., Inc., Fair Haven, VT 05743, 802-265-4933/34. (We recommend this book if you can find it. It has gone in and out of print on occasion.)
Roof Tiling & Slating, a Practical Guide, Kevin Taylor, Crowood Press (2008), ISBN 978-1847970237,
If you have never fixed a roof tile or slate before but have wondered how to go about repairing or replacing them, then this is the book for you. Many of the technical books about roof tiling and slating are rather vague and conveniently ignore some of the trickier problems and how they can be resolved. In Roof Tiling and Slating, the author rejects this cautious approach. Kevin Taylor uses both his extensive knowledge of the trade and his ability to explain the subject in easily understandable terms, to demonstrate how to carry out the work safely to a high standard, using tried and tested methods.
This clay roof tile guide considers the various types of tiles, slates, and roofing materials on the market as well as their uses, how to estimate the required quantities, and where to buy them. It also discusses how to check and assess a roof and how to identify and rectify problems; describes how to efficiently "set out" roofs from small, simple jobs to larger and more complicated projects, thus making the work quicker, simpler, and neater; examines the correct and the incorrect ways of installing background materials such as underlay, battens, and valley liners; explains how to install interlocking tiles, plain tiles, and artificial and natural slates; covers both modern and traditional methods and skills, including cutting materials by hand without the assistance of power tools; and provides invaluable guidance on repairs and maintenance issues, and highlights common mistakes and how they can be avoided. The author, Kevin Taylor, works for the National Federation of Roofing Contractors as a technical manager presenting technical advice and providing education and training for young roofers.
The Slate Roof Bible, Joseph Jenkins, www.jenkinsslate.com, 143 Forest Lane, PO Box 607, Grove City, PA 16127 - 866-641-7141 (We recommend this book).
Slate Roofing in Canada (Studi4es in archaeology, architecture, and history),
Smart Guide: Roofing: Step-by-Step Projects, Creative Homeowner (Ed), 2004, ISBN-10: 1580111491, ISBN-13: 978-1580111492
Solar heating, radiative cooling and thermal movement: Their effects on built-up roofing (United States. National Bureau of Standards. Technical note), William C Cullen, Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Govt. Print. Off (1963), ASIN: B0007FTV2Q
Tile Roofs of Alfred: A Clay Tradition in Alfred NY
"Weather-Resistive Barriers [copy on file as /interiors/Weather_Resistant_Barriers_DOE.pdf ] - ", how to select and install housewrap and other types of weather resistive barriers, U.S. DOE
Wood Shingle Roofs, Care and Maintenance of wood shingle and shake roofs (EC), Stanley S. Niemiec (out of print)
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