Construction Dictionary Section 12 Furnishings

Construction Dictionary Home Page: https://inspectapedia.com/Design/Construction-Dictionary.php

SECTION 12300
ÄCCESS OPENING:
is performed:
ing.
That part of which work
entrance or face open—
ASBESTOS CE>ENT FINISHED (BLACK ORGANIC
COATING) COUNTER TOP: Monolithic slab
composed of portland cement, asbes tos
fiber and organic waterproofing corn—
pound. Baked—on organic coatings
(normally black) applied after table
top is fabricated. (SAMA)
ASBESTOS CEMENT (CERAMIC-LIKE SURFACE)
Same base material as
COUNTER TOPS:
asbestos cement (vinyl sealed) with
the addition of an inorganic ceramic—
like coating, thermally bonded to the
top surface. Available in colors .
Cer—
amic—like coating applied by manufac—
turer. After fabrication the edges may
be treated with inorganic paint or
selaed with vinyl .
(SAMA)
ASBESTOS CEPENT ( VINYL SEALED) COUNTER
Inorganic mixture of calcium alumi—
TOP :
mm silicate binder, asbest:os fiber and
fillers, formed under pressure into mon—
01 i thic slabs, integrally colored.
Vinyl sealer applied after table top is
fabricated.
(SAMA)
BACK: Rear vertical panel of a cabinet.
(NKCA)
BASE CABINET: cabinet installed on or
near the floor, usually under a counter—
top. Usual depth, 24 inches. Usual
height to top of countertop, 36 inches ,
normal standing working height. Usual
sitting height to top of countertop, 30
inches, i.e. ,
vanity cabinet, desk cab—
inet.
(NKCA)
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINET: special safety
enclosure used to handle pathogenic
micro—organisms .
(SAMA)
BLISTERING: The formation of bubbles or
pimples on the surface of the finished
(NKCA)
work .
BLUSHING: The formation of a white or
grayish cast in the film during the
drying period. (NKCA)
BOTTOM: Lowest horizontal storage sur—
face of a cabinet.
(NKCA)
BURNING IN: A process of repairing
scratches and damaged spots in a
finish .
(NKCÄ)
CABINET : A piece of furniture or case en—
closure with shelves, drawers, trays ,
or other special devices, used for stor—
ing, holding, or displaying objects .
CABINET DRAWER: A five surface box shaped
container (bottom, two sides , front and
back) designed and fitted into a cabi—
net, to draw out horizontally to gain
access to store items Drawer front
usually exposed portion Of casework front ,
and other parts of drawer are semi— ex—
posed.
12300
MANUFACTURED CABINETS AND CASEWORK
CABINET MOUNTING SYSTEM: The method of aétach-
ing cabinets to wall or ceiling.
(NKCA)
CANOPY HOOD:
Suspended ventilating device for
non—critical use to exhaust only heat, smoke ,
water vapor and odors; this device is not a
laboratory fume hood. See FUME REMOVAL
SYSTEM. (SAMA)
CHAR RESISTANCE: The ability of a top to with-
stand surface deterioration due to elevated
temperature . (SAMA)
CHECKS : A pattern of small cracks in the fin—
ish .
(SAMA)
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE: Resistance to staining,
etching, or softening of surfaces.
Ch emi —
cal resistance is measured by spot tests in
the laboratory by placing several drops of
various chemicals on the surface for a few
hours to a day or two, covering the drops
with watch glasses, washing off the surface ,
and observing the contrasting stain after the
surface has air—dried. This simulates trap—
ping materials under concave bottoms of con—
tainers .
(SAMA)
COLD CHECKING: Small cracks that appear in the
dried film after it is repeatedly subj ected
to sudden and appreciable reductions in tem—
(NKCA)
perature .
COMPOSITION BOARD: Any processed—wood product,
such as particleboard, fiberboard, hard—
board, or flakeboard.
(NKCA)
CORNER CABINET; A storage unit designed to
utilize space that would normally not be
usable and wasted, i.e. , where other cabinets
or appliances are joined together.
COUNTERTOP: The working surface on top of base
cabinet (s) .
(NKCA)
CUPBOARD CABINET: A storage unit or a portion
of the unit that conceals or protects its
contents with a door or doors .
DELAMINATION : The separation of the layers of
a laminated material .
(NKCA)
DEFLECTION: The bending of a part: due to ap—
plied loading.
(NKCA)
DENSITY: The weight Of one cubic foot Of fin—
ished material.
(SAMA)
DISCOLORATION: Alteration of original color.
(NKCA)
DOOR: A movable frame or barrier, usually
turning on hinges or sliding, by which the
cabinet entrance is opened or closed.
(NKCA)
DOOR-HOLDING DEVICE: The device used to keep
the door closed.
(NKCA)
DRAIN LINE; The pipe or piping used to con—
nect the sink tail piece or trap to the
building waste line .
(SAMA)

****** Result for Image/Page 2 ******
MANUFACTURED CABINETS AND CASEWORK
SECTION 12300
FURNISHINGS : Movable or fixed storage, seat—
DRAWER BASE CABINET: A base cabinet with all
ing, reclining and decorative devices in
drawer storage unit.
rooms of an establishment that render
spaces fit for living or working.
DRAWER HARDWARE: Hardware used to guide the
(NKCA)
drawer when opening and closing.
GALVANIZED IRON COUNTER TOP: Formed of 24
gauge galvanized sheet iron pulled taut 0—
EDGE GRAIN HARDWOOD COUNTER TOP: Edge grain
ver edges and nailed to underside Of a
maple or birch glued and finished in pene—
(SAMA)
five—ply wood core.
trating oil or clear synthetic finish. (SAMA)
GLASS-CERAMIC COUNTER TOP: A white glass-
One or more assemblies or devices ,
EQUIPMENT :
ceramic sheet combined with a backing.
designed for and capable of performing a
Exposed vinyl or rounded glass—ceramic
complete function.
(SAMA)
edges are available.
EXPOSED CABINET EXTERIOR: Any part of the out-
GLOVE BOX: Enclosure used to confine and
side of the cabinet that can be seen in nor—
contain hazardous materials with opera—
(NKCA)
mal usage after installation .
tor access by means Of gloved portals or
(SAMA)
other limited openings .
EXPOSED CABINET INTERIOR: Any part of the in-
side of the cabinet that can be seen in
Pressed wood fiber ,
HARDBOARD COUNTER TOP :
normal usage after installation, including
Surface
three to six plies, laminated.
(NKCA)
all storage surfaces.
and edges finished with black acid resist-
(SAMA)
ance coating.
EXPOSED HARDWARE : Any hardware that can be
seen in normal usage after installation.
HARDNESS : A measure of the resistance of
(NKCA)
the surface and body of the material to dent—
ing or scratching, determined by the diameter
EPOXY RESIN COUNTER TOP: Molded from a modi-
(or depth) of a spherical (or other) point
fled epoxy resin. Available with cove molded
pressed against the surface with known
Product is available in 1/8 inch
curbs .
load or the width of a groove produced
sheets for laminating to cores of supporting
(SANA)
by a tool of known contour.
(SAMA)
material .
HA TEST: This is an abrasion resistance test
FACTORY-ASSEMBLED CABINET: Factory-manufac-
in which an abrasive wheel with uniform
tured and factory—finished cabinet that
predetermined weight is applied against
( Doors
is assembled prior to shipping.
the surface for a predetermined time to
may be prefinished and shipped separate—
establish the depth of penetration. This
Iy from cabinet. ) (NKCA)
test is suggested by the National Bureau
(SAMA)
Of Standards in report NO. BMS—98.
FACTORY-FINISHED: Finish applied to cabi-
net or cabinet components prior to ship—
HEAT RESISTANCE: The ability of a top to'
(NKCA)
ping.
withstand elevated temperatures without
(SAMA)
deteriorating .
FACTORY-MANUFACTURED: cabinet or cabinet
component (s) machined, assernbled, or
Device used to connect door to cab—
subassernbled in a factory prior to ship—
HINGES :
inet so door can be opened and closed .
(NKCA)
ping.
(NKCA)
FATTY EDGES : The thick edge, sometimes found
IMPACT RESISTANCE: A measure of toughness
on heavily coated work, that results in a
and is determined by the energy absorbed
rounded, thicker film along the edges of
in causing the fracture under an impact
(NKCA)
the work.
blow. (SAMA)
FIBERGLASS PLASTIC COUNTER TOP: Thin sheets
IMPREGNATED NATURAL STONE COUNTER TOP: Nat-
of glass—filled polyester laminated to wood
ura1 sandstone impregnated and coated with
or hardboard substrates . Edge banding or
synthetic organic resin, normally black.
post forming of edge necessary. (SAMA)
Resin coating is baked at elevated temper—
ature for curing.
(SAMA)
FILLER PANEL: A panel used to close an open
area between a unit and a wall or two u—
KNEE SPACE PANEL: A panel used to close
(SAMA)
nits .
the area under an apron, to enclose the
plumbing space, or to shield the knee
FUME REMOVAL SYSTEM: A combination of the lab—
(SAMA)
oratory fume hood and the exhaust system (duct
space area.
and blower) .
Six pound lead
NOTE: Room air, make—up air, auxiliary air
LEAD COVERED COUNTER TOP :
sheets formed to underside Of a five—ply
(if used) , and pollution abating devices, (if
wood core, securely nailed.
(SAMA)
used) are integral parts of a properly func—
tioning system and should be considered when
designing a fume removal system. (SAMA)
12300 - 2

****** Result for Image/Page 3 ******
SECTION 12300
MODULAR CABINET : A cabinet designed to
be joined with other cabinets .
(NKCA)
MOISTURE CONTENT; The percentage ascer-
tained by subtracting the oven—dried
weight from the original weight of the
part, dividing by the oven—dried weight
and multiplying by 100. Use of electri—
cal moisture meter is permitted. (NKCA)
MOLDED RESIN COUNTER TOP: Molded from
formulated Novolac Copolymer Resins .
Available with cove molded curbs. (SAMA)
MULLION : A vertical member between stiles.
(NKCA)
ORANGE PEEL: A pebbled surface similar
to that Of an orange skin.
(NKCA)
OVEN CABINET: A cabinet, installed on or
near floor, designed to accomodate
built-in oven (s) .
Usual depth, 24
inches. Usual height, 84 inches. (NKCA)
PREFINISHED: see FACTORY-FINISHED.
PRESSURE LAMINATE COUNTER TOP: Pressure-
heat laminations of Kraft paper, pat—
tern sheets with phenolic melamine resin
binders. Thin sheets, laminated to wood
or welded fiber substrates .
Edge band—
ing or post forming of edge necessary.
(SAMA)
PRINTING; The impression left in the
finished surface after pressure has
been removed.
(NKCA)
RAIL: a horizontal mernber.
(NKCA)
READY-TO-ASSEMBLE :
Factory—manufactured
and factory—finished cabinet components
shipped with all parts, fasteners, and
instructions necessary for complete
assembly of one cabinet. No power
tools should be necessary for assem—
bly.
(NKCA)
REAGENT RACK: A shelf, or shelves, pro-
vided at the back of wall counters/
tables/ tops, or down the middle of
counters/ tables/tops, to provide stor—
age for reagent bottles, with provi—
s ion made in the supporting mechanisms
to support service lines and service
fittings as needed to serve the counter/
tables/ tops .
(SAMA)
REFRIGERATOR CABINET: A cabinet, in-
stalled on or near floor, designed
to accomodate a refrigerator. Usu—
al depth, 24 inches. Usual height,
84 inches.
(NKCA)
RESIDUE: Dirt or dust in the finish.
(NKCA)
Defects in the finish caused by an
RUNS:
excessive amount of material being
applied, so that a portion of the
material flows down in an irregular or
curtained effect.
(NKCA)
MANUFACTURED CABINETS AND CASEWORK
SAW MARKS: Ridges left by a saw. (NKCA) •
SCRATCHES ; Abrasions in the finish surface
produced after finish is cured.
(NKCA)
SCRIBE; A strip of material that is scribed to
the wall on one edge and fastened to the case—
work on the other to make a tight enclosure
when casework abuts the wall .
(SAMA)
SERVICE FITTINGS AND FIXTURES:
Service Fit—
tings include oxygen, gas, air, vacuum and
steam cocks; ball turrets; hot, cold, and dis—
tilled water faucets; remote control valves ,
flask—washers, steam mixing valves; filter
pumps; vacuum breakers; eye washers; shower
heads; steam cones and steam baths; sinks, cup
sinks, traps and plaster traps .
Service
fixtures include electrical convenience out—
let boxes, electrical pedestals ,
"C" type
condulets, single or duplex A.C. or D.C. re-
ceptacles, switches, variable voltage units ,
and fluorescent tubes .
SERVICE LINES :
Defined as oxygen, gas, air,
vacuum, steam, hot and cold and distilled
water piping, fittings, and shutoff valves
necessary to carry respective services from
Service Fixtures through equipment to build—
ing roughing—in outlets in floors or walls .
Service lines include all conduit, junction
boxes, condulet fittings, and wire necessary
to carry electrical services from Service
Fixtures through equipment to building
roughing—in outlets in floors or walls. (SAMA)
SERVICE TUNNEL: Area in back of, or between,
the backs of base cabinets, and under the work
surface, provided to allow room for service
lines.
(SAMA)
SERVICE TURRET: An enclosure that projects
above the counter/ table/ top to provide room
for the service line to be brought up through
the counter/ table/ top, or be connected to the
fittings mounted on the outside surface of the
enclosure .
(SAMA)
SHELF: A horizontal storage surface in a
cabinet .
SIDE: A vertical surface on the end of a cab—
inet .
(NKCA)
SINK BASE CABINET: A base cabinet designed to
accomodate a sink . (NKCA)
SINK FRONT: A cabinet front, with toe rail,
for use in front of sink area.
(NKCA)
SINK OUTLET : A flanged fitting that is recessed
and sealed into the sink bottom to provide
means of connecting the sink to the drainage
system. (SAMA)
SOAPSTONE, GRADE #25 COUNTER TOP :
Natural im—
pure silicate rock of massive formation, i.e. ,
without lamination, stratification, or clea—
vage. Dark blue—gray in color. Ha hardness
of 15.00.
(SAMA)
SOAPSTONE REGULAR GRADE COUNTER TOP: Natural,
impure talc rock of massive formation, i.e. ,
without lamination, stratification, or clea—
Neutral blue—gray color .
æage .
Ha hardness
12300

****** Result for Image/Page 4 ******
SECTION 12300
(SAMA)
of 4.50.
STAINLESS STEEL COUNTER TOP :
American Iron
and Steel Institute Type 304 or Type 316 ,
12—18 gauge with Ntmber 4 satin finish.
STILE: Vertical outside member Of door
or front frame. (NKCA)
STRENGTH: Known variously as modulus of
rupture or flexural strength and is an
ultimate or breaking strength. General—
Iy measured by supporting a strip of ma—
terial across two supports and applying
a load between these supports . By compu—
tation the strength values can be used
to determine the load—carrying ability
of the product and may be used to com—
pare strengths of different products .
(SAMA)
TAIL PIECE: The connecting fitting used to
connect the sink outlet to the trap or
drainline .
Tail piece may be an integral
part of the sink outlet or a separate
piece.
(SAMA)
TANK NIPPLE : A short piece of pipe with
a tapered thread on one end and a t:apered
thread connecting to a running thread on
the other, used to anchor the plumbing
fitting to the table top; and to connect
it to the service lines.
(SAMA)
THERMAL SHOCK: The ability of a material
to withstand sudden changes in temper—
ature without cracking or spalling. (SAMA)
TOE SPACE : A recess under face frame of a
base cabinet.
(NKCÄ)
Horizontal panel used to enclose
TOP :
the top Of a cabinet.
(NKCA)
TOUCH—UP : A process of repairing scratch—
es or damaged spots in a finish. (NKCA)
UTILITY CABINET: Various cabinets, install-
ed on or near the floor, designed to
accomodate appliances and accessories .
Usual depth, 12 inches or 24 inches .
Usual height, 84 inches .
(NKCA)
VANITY BASE: A base—type cabinet used in
bathroom. (NKCA)
VANITY BOWL BASE: A vanity cabinet for use
with a bathroom sink bowl.
(NKCA)
VANITY BOWL FRONT: A vanity front for
use with a bathroom s ink bowl. NKCA)
VANITY DRAWER BASE: A vanity base with all-
drawer storage.
(NKCA)
MANUFACTURED CABINETS AND CASEWORK
WALL CABINET: A cabinet designed to be sus-
pended from wall or ceiling above base cab—
inet. Usual depth, 12 inches. Usual height,
12 to 42 inches.
(NKCA)
WATER ABSORPTION: The percentage gain in
weight of material inunersed in water for a
specified time. When the specific gravity
of the product is known, water absorption can
be used to detennine the total void space.
The absorption is neither a measure of the
rate nor amount of chemical attack.
(SAMA)
WHITENING: A condition brought about in the
dried finish by absorption Of moisture .
(NKCA)
WORK AREA: Counter top material. Area where
apparatus rests and where manipulations take
place.
12300

****** Result for Image/Page 5 ******
SECTION 12550
LEANER
BUFFED LEATHER: Leather from which top
surface of t.he grain I-as been ranoved by
abra s ion.
Suede—finished leather Nde from
CHAMOIS :
the flesh side of hides.
CHROME TANNED: Leather tanned with chro-
mium salts.
CORRECTED GulN: Leather from the
surface of the grain I-as been partially
removed by buffing and upon which a new
patterned surface been applied by
pre s sure.
FULL: Leather from unsplit, or
full thickness of hide.
FULL GRAIN: Leather bearing the original
grain surface with none of the surface
removed by buffing.
GRAIN : The pattern visible on the outer
surface of a hide after the hair been
removed.
HIDE: The raw skin of an animal.
LEATHER; A general term for a hide or skin
which still retains its original fibrous
structure.
PIGMENT FINISHED: Leather wi-ose surface has
been covered with fine pigment, evening
the color of the surface.
SPLIT HIDE: The outer layer of a hide from
which the flesh side has been split to give
it a reasonably uniform thickness.
SUEDE: general term for leather se
wearing surface has been finished to luve
a fine velvet—like nap .
SUEDE SPLITS: Leather made from the flesh
splits of hide and finished with a velvet—
like nap.
TANNING: The process of treating skins or
hides with agents such as vegetable tan—
nens or chromium salts to produce leather.
TOP FINISHED: A leather thich has been
given a final coating to provide a consis—
tent noncracking surface and color.
VINYL MATERIALS:
ABmSION RESISTANCE: Resistance to wearing,
grinding or erosion by friction. Generally
measured as a loss of weight or a change
(CFFA)
in gloss.
ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES: properties as-
sociated with control, transmission, recep—
tion and effects of sound. Most corunonly
used property in absorption or deaden—
(CFFA)
ing of sound.
12550
FABRICS
ADHESIVE STRENGTH: Force required to separate
components of a laminate as, for exam—
pie, a plastic film attached to a substrate.
(CFFA)
AGING CHARACTERISTICS; Changes in appearance
or physical properties associated with the
pas sage of time under specif led conditions .
(CFFA)
ANTI—OXIDANT; Chemical added to plastic film
or sheeting to provide resistance to deter ior—
ation of properties associated with oxida—
(CFFA)
tion.
BACKING : Support laminated to a plastic film
generally to provide strength, rigidity or
(CFFA)
dimensi onal stability.
BLOCKING: Undesirable adhesion of tw or more
plastic surfaces, usually caused by pressure
(CFFA)
as in roll goods.
BLOOM: Urdesirable appearance on the surface
of plastic film caused by exudation of an
incompatible component. (CFFA)
BURSTING STRENGTH: Resistance of a film or
laminate to rupture from a force applied to
one side. (CPFA)
CALENDERING: Process for forming a plastic
film by passing a viscous plastic be—
tween the nips of a succession of counter—
(CFFA)
rotating heated rolls.
: A method of application of a liquid
polymer composition to form a continuous
film on a carrier substance so treated to
avoid adhesion. Film is formed by solvent
removal or fusion generally through applica—
(CFFA)
tion of heat.
CAST VINYL PRODUCTS: Vinyl products supported
or unsupported which are made by the casting
method and followed by stripping from the
(CFFA)
carrier.
CELLULAR PLASTIC: Rigid or flexible plastic
structure in which the plastic compound en—
closes a multitude of small gas bubbles
which may be separate or interconnecting .
(CFFA)
FABRIC: A woven, knitted or nonsoven
fabric to which a flexible film has been at—
tached by impregnation or lamiantion. (CFFA)
: Material deposited on the surface
of a plastic in order to alter or improve
physical properties such as color, gloss ,
abrasion resistance, frictional char acteris—
(CFPÄ)
tics, etc.
COLD CRACX RESISTANCE: Measure of the tenpera-
ture below which a plastic mater will
crack when subjected to a specified impact.
(CFFA )
COMBUSTIBILITY: Measure of the rate or extent
of burning of a plastic material under speci—
fled conditions of ignition.
(CFFA)

****** Result for Image/Page 6 ******
SECTION 12550
COMPOSITE STRUCTURE: Laminate of plastic film or
laminate to standard conditions Of tenpera ture
and humidity, generally prior to testing for
(CFFA)
physical properties.
CONDITIONING: Exposure of plastic film or lamin—
ate to standard conditions of temperature and
humidity, generally prior to testing for physi—
(CEN)
cal properties.
CRACKING: Major rupturing of plastic articles
as a result of exposure to natural or acceler—
(CFFA)
ated environmental conditions.
CRAZING: Surface cracking of plastic articles
as a result of stretching, bending, folding or
exposure to natural or accelerated environmen—
tal conditions.
CROCKING; Transfer of color from plastic arti—
cles by rubbing, generally with a cloth. (CFFA)
Separation of the layers of a
DELN.IINATION :
(CFFA)
laminate.
DUCT LINER : Plastic sheeting used as interior
surface of air ducting to provide a snooth non—
(CFFA)
corrosive surface.
ELONGATION: Percentage increase in length of a
plastic test part at time of break, when stret—
ched under conditions of uniform rate of
(CF?A)
loading .
EMBOSSING: Surface ornamentation achieved by
creating hills and valleys in a plastic materi—
al by pressing against a hard engraved plate
(CFFA)
or cylinder.
EXPANDED FILM: Low density cellular film. (CFFA)
EXTRUSION: Process for forming a plastic film
(or other shape) by forcing a viscous plastic
mass through a die. Usually accomplished by a
screw rotating in a fixed hea ted barrel. )
FILM; A thin, flexible, continuous sheet of
plastic material. Thickness is generally less
(CFFA)
than 10 mils.
FILLER: Small particle size additives to plastic
compositions. Generally inorganic and rela—
tively inexpensive. Used to lower cost and en—
hance certain properties such as stiffness,
(CFFA)
hardness, heat resistance, etc.
See "Coating" .
( CFFA )
FINISH:
P14stic composition which resists
FIRE RETARDANT :
the onset or speed of fire. (CFFA)
FLAMMABILITY TESTS: Three properties are gen-
era Ily associated with the tendency of plastic
materials to resist f ire. Each is measured
under a variety of test conditions which must
be precisely controlled in order to achieve
reasonable reproducibility. These properties
are :
Flame Spread : A quantitative measure Of the
rate and extent of propagation of fire.
12550
FABRICS
Smoke Generation: Rate of evolution apd
intensity of smoke developed.
Heat generated by the
Fuel Contribution :
(CFFA)
burning plastic
FLEXIBLE: AS distinguished from ri gid,
this term is a qualitative description
of those materials having low flexural
modulus. Examples are polyethylene or
plasticized polyvinyl chloride film and
(CYFA)
sheeting.
FLOCK: Very short fiber used to form a
velvety pattern on film or coated fab—
(CFFA)
rics.
FOIL: Metal or metallized film in a very
thin continuous form. Usually used as
one ply in a laminate with plastic film.
(CFFA)
FORIING: Act of shaping sheet or roll
goods by heat and pressure into complex
articles. Generally used with rigid
plastics and known as "thermoforming" .
(CFFA)
Measure of thickness of sheet or
roll goods, usually expressed in mils
( . 001") or millimeters ( . 001 meters) .
(CFFA)
GLOSS : Measure of the specular reflec—
tion from a plastic surface. Measured
at a variety of incident and reflected
angles and expressed as a percentage of
the value obtained with polished black
(CF?A)
GRAVURE PRINTING: Method of decoration in
which multi—colored patterns are ap—
plied to a plastic film by depositing
ink from engraved cells on print rolls.
Control and reproducibility are very
(CFFA )
high using this method.
HARDNESS: Resistance of fered by a plastic
film to by a pointed tool.
Gener ally expressed as the force re—
guired to achieve a specific level of
(CFFA)
penetration .
I-EAT STABILITY: Time/Temperature combina-
tion that a plastic ltEteriaI will with—
stand without showing appreciable change
(CFFA)
in appear ance .
IMPACT RESISTANCE: Force required to rup-
ture a plastic film, sheet or laminate
when struck at relatively high velocity.
Preparation and support of the sample,
and the striking condi tions, must be
(CFFÄ )
rigidly controlled.
Sheet material (gen—
INSULATION FACING:
era Ily plastic, metal or paper) used to
laminate to the surface of insulating
padding to provide improved appearance ,
cleanability and moisture impermeability.
(CFFA)

****** Result for Image/Page 7 ******
SECTION 12550
KNIT FABRIC: Fabric formed by interlocking
loops from one or more yarns using a series
Such fabrics provide a stretch—
of needles.
able substrate for fabric—film lamination.
(CFFA)
LAMINATE: Material prepared by adhering
layers of similar or dissimilar materials.
Adhesion is accomplished by adhesive or by
application of heat and/or pressure. (CFFA)
LACQUER: Coating consisting of resin (s) dis—
solved in solvent and which forms continu—
ous films solely by solvent evaporation .
(CFFA)
LAY—FLAT : Roll goods with good lay—flat ex—
hibit no curling, bagginess or other dis—
tortion when unrolled on a flat surface.
(CFFA)
LIGHT Resistance to changes in
appearance or physical properties when ex-
(CFFA)
posed to natural sunlight.
LIMITING OXYGEN INDEX (LOI): Measure of re-
sistance to burning. Describes the minimum
volume fraction of oxygen in nitrogen neces—
sary to sustain candle—like burning. (CFFA)
LUBRICANT: Material added to a resin to en—
able easier processing in such operations
(CFFÄ )
as molding, calendering, etc.
LUSTER; Qualitative expression associated
(CFFA )
with gloss.
MAR RESISTANCE Resistance to appearance
changes due to gouging or scuffing under
(CFFA)
specified test conditions.
MILDEW RESISTANCE: Ability to resist the
growth of fungus when exposed to warm,
(CFFA )
humid condi tions .
MOISTURE PERMEABILITY: Ability of a plas-
tic film to allow passage of water vapor
from an atmosphere of high humidity to
(CFFA)
one Of low humidity.
MOISTURE RESISTANCE: Ability of a plastic
film to resist changes in appearance or
physical properties when exposed to
(CFFA)
high humidity conditions.
NONVOLATILE MATERIAL: That percentage of a
plastic film, coating plasti—
sol, etc., which is not renovable by evap—
oration when exposed in thin sections to
specified ambient conditions.
(CFFA)
NONWOVEN FABRIC : Fabric formed by entangling
fibers in a random fashion and bonding them
by mechanical working or by resin
tion.
(CFFA)
OIL RESISTANCE: Ability of a plastic film to
resist changes in appearance or physical
properties when immersed in specific oil
(usually lubricating oils) under specific
conditions of time and teperature. (CFFA )
12550
FABRICS
OPACITY: Resistance of a plastic film to the
(CFFA)
tran smission of light.
Coating composition consisting of
polyvinyl chloride resin of very small par—
ticle size, plasticizer, and organic sol—
Forms films by applica tion of
vent (s) •
heat to solubilize the resin and volatilize
(CFFA)
the solvents.
PEEL STRENGTH: Force required to separate a
plastic film from a substrate to which it
(CFFA)
has been adhered.
PIGMENTED Fil.x: Plastic film containing finely
divided insoluble colored particles designed
to provide uniform color and/or opacity.
(CFFA )
PLASTIC FIIN: Thin sheets or roils of organ—
ic resinous raterial, usually thermoplastic,
and which may or may not contain compounding
ingredients such as colorants, stabilizers,
(CFFA)
plasticizers, etc.
PLASTICIZER: High-boiling solvent used to in-
crease pliability and lower the softening
point of resins. These materials remain as
permanent ingredients in plastic films.
(CFFA)
PLASTISOL: Coating composition consisting of
fine particle size polyvinyl chloride parti—
Forms films
cles dispersed in plasticizer .
by application Of heat to solubilize the
resin . (CFFA)
Films with high pliability exhi—
PLIABILITY :
bit very low bending force, i.e., very low
(CFFA)
flexural modulus.
POND LINING: Plastic film used to provide a
barrier to the seepage of water in large pond
reservoirs. Generally formed by sealing a
plurality of sheets to provide a continuous
sheet of considerable length and width. (CFFA)
POOL LINING: Similar to pond Lining except
the film is attached to the walls and bottoms
of swinuning pools, either above or below
(CFFA)
ground.
PRINTING: Method of decorating plastic film
with precise and reproducible patterns by
Several
the application Of colored inks.
methods are in general use .
Flexographic printing: Design appears as
raised portions on a print cylinder of rub—
ber or other flexible material. These raised
areas are inked and the ink transferred to the
film by pressure from a backing roll.
Rotogravure Printing: Design is etched into
a metal cylinder as a series of very de—
Ink is deposited in the se
pressions or cells.
cells and again is transferred to the plastic
films by pressure from a back—up roll.
Screen Printing: Design appears as holes in
Ink of high viscosity
a finely wven fabric.

****** Result for Image/Page 8 ******
SECTION .'_2550
is forced through holes onto the surface of
thé plastic film. (CFFA)
PUNCTURE RESISTANCE: Resistance of a plastic film
or laminate to rupture when subjected to a sharp
Dimensions of the
blow from a sharp object.
striking tool and conditions of application of
(CFFA)
the blow are closely def ined.
REFLECTANCE: That portion of light incident on a
plastic film which iS reflected from the surface.
Reflected light may be in one direction (specu—
(CFFA)
Jar) or scattered in all directions.
Plastic films which are
REINFORCED PLASTICS:
strengthened by lamination to strong substrates
or , more generally, by incorporation of fibrous
fillers which increase tensile and impact
(CFFÄ)
strength.
permanent deformation imparted to a plastic
SET
film or laminate by stretching under specified
(CFFA)
condi tions.
SHEER STRENGTH: Force required to separate a plas—
tic film from a substrate by sliding in the
(CFFA)
major plane.
SHEETING: Plastic film generally of over 10 mils
(CFFA)
thi c kne ss.
SHRINKAGE: Decrease in dimensions of a plastic
film (generally measured in the N jor plane )
when subjected to specified conditions of time
(CFFA )
and temperature.
SMOKE GENERATION: Obscuration of light due to
smoke from a burning plastic film or laminate.
Measured under specified and re—
(CFFA )
lated to a standard material .
SMOLDERING MODE: Test conditions for measuring
smoke generation which involves burning plas—
tic films with insuff icient oxygen to result
(CFFA)
in flaming.
SPANISHING: Method of decoration wherein an
embossed surface is flooded with colored ink
which is scraped from the hills by knife ,
(CFFA )
leaving the valleys colored.
STABILIZER: One of a large number of chemical
compounds added to plastic compositions to pro—
vide resistance to deleter ious effects of
(CFFA)
heat, light, oxygen, etc .
STAIN RESISTANCE: Resistance of a plastic film
to permanent discoloration caused by contact
(CFFA)
with normal household chemicals
percentage increased dimension in the
STRETCH :
direction of the applied force wIEn a plastic
film or laminate is deformed by pulling under
(CFFA)
specified conditions .
TEAR RESISTANCE: Force required to propagate a
tear, started in a prescr ibed manner, in either
a machine or nonmachine direction in a plas—
(CFFÄ)
tic film or laminate.
TENSILE STRENGTH (YIELD): Maximum force
to initiate elongation in a plastic part, as
12550- 4
FABRICS
measured under conditions of uniform
Expressed as force per
rate of loading .
(CFFA )
unit cross—sectional area.
TENSILE STRENGTH (BREAK): porce exerted
at the ti.rne of break of a plastic part,
as measured under conditions of uni—
form rate Of loading. Expressed as
force per unit cross—sectional area .
(CFFA)
ULTRAVIOLET ABSORBER; Chemical additive
to plastic formulations designed
to absorb ultraviolet radiation and con—
vert it to less destructive higher wave
(CFFA)
lengths.
UNSUPPORTED FILM: Plastic film with no
laminated backing to provide additional
(CFFA)
strength or stiffness.
VALLEY PRINTING: Method of depositing
colored inks in the valleys Of an em—
bssed pattern, achieved by inking the
elevated portions of the embossing cy—
(CFFA)
WOVEN FABRIC: Textile fabric formed by
weaving cross—machine threads over and
under the machine direction warp threads
(CFFA)
in a prescribed pattern.
YIELD: Measure of the relationship be—
tween weight: and area of a plastic film
or laminate. Generally expressed as
lineal yards per pound for a given width.
(CFFA)
WOVEN FABRICS :
ALPACA: Long, fine hair fiber obtained
from the domesticated South American
Generally, Alpaca is classified
paca .
for labeling purposes as wool.
ANGORA: The silky hair of the Angora goat,
also known as rnohair . The animal is
a native of Angora, a province of Turkey.
The goat fiber is classified as
BASKET WEAVE: Plain weave with two or
more warp and filling threads inter—
Iac ed.
The woody fibers from plants
BAST FIBERS:
such as flax, jute, ramie, hemp and
sisal .
BEDFORD COO: Stout, fabric with
raised cord ridges running the length—
wise grain of the fabric.
BLANET: A fabric piece for sarnpling show—
ing a series of patterns or colors, ail
on the same warp
The entire length of
BOLT (OR PIECE) :
cloth from a loom, usually 50 yards.
BOUCLE: Looped and crimped novelty yarn
or a fabric rrade with such yarns exhibit—
ing a knotty, looped surface.

****** Result for Image/Page 9 ******
SECTION 12550
. BROADCLOTH: A wol fabric (in contract use)
which is closely woven in a twill
slightly felted, lustrous appearance.
BROKEN TWILL: A twill whose diagonal lines
are reversed in alternate directions to
form a pattern, e.g., weave.
CADET CLOTH: A type of broadcloth Nde ex-
pecially for the uniforms of cadets in
Constructed in a
military academies .
twill weave, it is heavily milled and
cropped, resulting in a compact, durable
woolen fabric.
Process wherein fibers are separated
CADING :
and brought in to general alignment. All na —
tural fibers must be carded before spinning .
Carded '6001 yarns axe known as "wolen"
yarns.
CHENILLE: A fuzzy, caterpillar—like yarn or
fabric in which the pile protrudes at right
angles around the core thread.
CHLORINATION: Process used on to re-
duce felting, tlpreby reducing shrinkage .
CLOTH: noven fabric or textile.
COATED FABRICS: Fabrics coated or treated
with various substances to make them water—
proof, flame retardant, etc. Coating sub—
stances include rubber, resins, plastics
and oil.
COLOR: A hue, as contrasted with white,
black or grey.
Term used to describe fabrics
COLORFAST :
that keep their shades without fading dur—
ing the normal life of usage, or those
fabrics which do not "run" or "bl eed "
when washed.
COMBING: The process for making carded
fibers parallel and removing their im—
purities The yarn spun frorn combed fi—
bers are snooth and fine. Combed wool
yarns are called "worsted" yarns.
CONTINUOUS FILAMENT: A continuous strand
of a manmade fiber (such as nylon or ra—
yon) produced by forcing liquid fiber
through a spinneret hole.
CORDUROY: A cut pile cloth woven with ei—
ther wide or narrow wales running the
It is rtEde of ei—
length of the fabric.
ther natural or synthetic fiber s.
COTTON: soft, white vegetable fiber obtained
from the seed pod Of the cotton plant. Cot—
ton yarns and fabr ics are especially strong
resistant to wear, soft and absorbent.
These properties are yet improved if the
cotton yarn is mercerized.
COUNT: The nt.mber size of a yarn, or the
number of ends and picks per inch of weave.
12550
FABRICS
CROCKING: Rubbing Off of color due to #mprop—
er dye, poor penetration or fixation.
CUTTING: A small sample of fabric, usually
3 inches by 3 inches.
DECATING: Finishing process for fabric which
forces steam through cloth, • causing the
fiber yarns to swell and producing a smooth,
wrinkle—free fabric.
DELUSTERING: Reducing luster from man—made
yarns or fabrics by using chemicals during
the finishing processes .
DENIER: Unit of weight indicating size of a
fiber. The higher the denier number, the
heavier tie yarn.
DONEGAL TWEED: Thick, homespun, "001en fabric ,
handwoven in Donegal, Ireland. The yarns
are characteristically rough with flecks of
many colors.
DOUBLE CLOTH : separate cloths woven toge—
ther through the use of binding threads. The
face and back often contrast in weave and
color .
DYE: Natural or synthetic coloring for tex—
tiles, applied in fiber, yarn or fabric state.
DYEING; Process Of applying color to fiber ,
yarn or fabric.
ELASTOBER: Elastic f iber such as synthetic
rubber or spandex, with the physical proper—
ties and strength of natural rubber.
END: A single strand of warp yarn.
: Fabric weave With two alternating
colors in warp yarns.
FABRIC WIDTHS : Upholstery fabrics generally
manufactured are 48 inches = 120 cm; 50 in—
— 138 cm; 60 inches
ches = 125 cm; 54 inches
150 cm. Normal uphol stery yardage require—
ments are based on 50—54 inch goods.
FELT: A nonwoven fabric made of fibers joined
either during the natural shrinking process—
es of 1.001 or through the use of an adhesive.
FIBER: Any tough, thread—like substance, na—
tural or manmade, capable of being spun,
woven or knitted.
In weaving, the
FILLING (OR WEFT OR WOOF) :
crosswise element of yarn or yarns which
interlace at right angles with the warp
FILLING FACED: A cloth in which the filling
picks predominate over the warp ends.
The
filling æy conceal the warp completely.
FINISH: Any treatment given to a fabric to
alter its "grey goods" state.
Fabrics inherently
FIRE RETARDANT FABRICS :
resistant to burning by the nature of their
fiber content and weave, or fabrics treated

****** Result for Image/Page 10 ******
SECTION 12550
with a fire retardant finish to meet code stan—
dards .
FLAX: The plant from which linen is produced.
FLEECE: The coat of wool shorn from the living
sheep.
FLOAT: Portion of the warp or filling yarn that
covers two or more ad} acent threads to form a
design or a satin surface.
GABARDINE: Fine worsted yarns closely woven in
It is finished with a
a diagonal twill.
high sheen.
GREY GOODS (OR GREIGE GOODS) : Woven fabric
straight from the loom, undyed, unbleached,
unprinted and unfinished.
GROSPOINT (OR PRISE): A nondirectional pile
fabric which is toerp—looped and extremely
It can be made
resilient and hard wearing.
of wool or of manmade fibers.
HAND: Touch, drape, weight of fall, or handle
of fabric.
HAND SPUN: yarns spun by hand on a spinning
wheel.
HAND WEAVING: Weaving on a hand or foot powered
loom, or done by hand without a loom.
HARRIS TWEED' Woolens hardwoven on the islands
off the coast of Scotland. They are especially
noted for their rough texture and narrow fab—
ric width.
HERRINGBONE: Broken twill weave which has a
zigzag effect produced by alternating the di—
rection of the twill
HOMESPUN: A fabric traditionally woven from
handspun yarns, but now machine woven with
irregular yarns to duplicate original
cloths. Most often the cloth is in a
plain weave.
HONEYCOMB: Weave with surf ace resembling the
cells of a honeycomb.
HUE: A color, or the shade or tint Of a color.
Shade implies a deeper version of the color
while tint refers to a paler gradation of the
co Ior.
JACQUARD: Loom capable of weaving cane lex pat—
It works •on a punched card type sys—
terns.
tem attached to the loom.
KEMP: WOOI fiber, which cannot absorb moisture,
appearing lighter in color when dyed. Most of—
It canes particu—
ten found in tweed fabrics.
larly from mountain sheep.
LAMB 'S WOOL: The previously uncut natural fleece.
The tapered fiber end is its distinguishing
characteristic .
LINEN : Strong, lustrous yarn trade from f Ins fi—
bers or the fabric from such yarn.
12550
FABRICS
LOOM: A weaving machine for producing
textiles by interlacing warp and filling
yarns in a particular manner .
IN—MADE : All textile fibers other than
natural ones. Also known as synthetics,
they include those made by chemicals (ny—
Ion) , cellulose (rayon) , minerals (glass)
or rubber (latex) .
MEMO SAMPI.E: A large sample of fabric.
MERCERIZE: A caustic soda treatment on
cotton yarn or thread which produces a
luster and at the same time strengthens
the yarn and increases its dye affinity.
MERINO: A breed of sheep that yields a
high grade of wool used for fine wolen
and sorsted cloth.
Fabric treated
MILDEW-RESISTANT FABRIC
to resist deter ioration by mildew or
MOHAIR: The processed fiber of the long
silky hair of the Angora goat. The f i—
ber is known for its soft quality, and
extremely hard—wearing characteristics .
MOTHPROOFING: A treatment given to a wool
fabric to prevent it from being destroyed
by moth larvae.
NAP: Directional brushed finish on the sur—
face of a fabric.
NATURAL FIBERS: Nonman-made textile fibers;
cotton, linen, wol and silk are examples.
NYLON : A man—made fiber especially known
for its strength, resistance to abrasion
and inherent elasticity making it an ideal
material for upholstery fabrics.
PICK: A single shot of weft through the
warp shed.
Fabric with
PILE WEAVE (OR PILE FABRIC) :
dense cut or uncut loops which stand up
on the surface. Velvets, plushes and
corduroys are pile fabrics.
PIECE DYEING: coloring of fabric in vats,
at least 50 yards at a time. This is
the most common method for dyeing solid
color upholstery fabrics.
PILLING: The formation of fuzzy balls on
a fabric caused by the rubbing off of
loose ends of fiber. They may or may not
remain attached to the fabric trom which
they vere formed.
most simple
PLAIN (OR TABBY) WEAVE: The
form of interlacing warp and weft threads
in a cloth. One warp thread and one
weft thread alternate on the surface
producing a balanced weave.
PLUSH; A velvet—type fabric with a deeper
and less dense pile than cotton velvet.

****** Result for Image/Page 11 ******
SECTION 12550
It is usually woven of wol or mohair, and
is especially resilient to crushing
PLY YARN; Yarn Nde by twisting tw or more
single yarns together in one oper ation .
mlLROADING: Applying fabric so that the weft
or filling runs vertica Ily on the furniture,
thereby avoiding intermediate seam detai I—
ing .
RAYON: A generic name for man—made cellulosic
fibers. common rayons are viscose and
polynos ic .
REP (OR REPP) : Fabric characterized by d is—
tinct ribs running selvage to selvage, pro—
duced by weaving large filling threads
and fine warp threads.
RESILIENCE: The ability of a fabric to re-
turn to original shape after stretching to
capaci ty.
RIB: Derivative of plain æave, it is a
raised ridge fortned by a heavy thread,
running lengthwise, crosswise, or diagonal.
ROVING: Rope—like parallel f ibers of cotton
or wol that have been carded and combed
before spinning.
TM• A registered brand name for
SCOTCHGARD
a finish which is applied to a fabric mak—
ing it more zesistant to water, oil and
Z epelu•bi
is another brand name of the
dirt.
same kind Of stain—resistant finish.
SELVAGE: The reinforced edges of a woven
cloth that are parallel to the warp ends.
SHUTTLELESS LOOM: Loom where the filling is
carried across the warp by a rapier instead
Of a shuttle, allowing faster production.
The selvages rzve a cut edge and are bound
by heatsetting .
SILK: The natural, monofilament fiber un—
wound from the cocoon of the silk
Also, any fabric woven the monofila—
ment silk (China silk) or shorter spun—fiber
silk yarns (raw silk) .
SKEIN: A length or yardage of yarn, usually
twisted into a sort of knot.
SKEIN DYED YARNS: yarns of any natural or
man—made fiber dyed in the form Of hanks
or skeins.
SLUE: Soft, thick uneven nub in a yarn that
produces the textured effect of a weave.
STAIN SPOT RESISTANCE: The natural ability
of a fabric to resist water ard oil—borne
stains. The term also refers to fabrics
treated with a synthetic finish such as
Scotchgard.
mst basic raw state.
STAPLE: Fiber in its
12550 - 7
FABRICS
STOCK DYEING: Fiber dyed in raw state he fore
being spun Into yarn.
SYNTHETIC: Generally, all textile fibers
other than natural fibers.
TEXTURE: The characteristic 100k and f eel of
a fabric's surface: rough or smooth, shiny
or dull, based upon fiber, texture, weave,
and finish. Often called "hand" or "feel".
THREAD : A single yarn, either a filling pick
or a warp end.
TWEED: A medium weight, rough soolen fabr ic
Nde with 2 —and—2 twill weave. Ireland is
famous for its tweeds and produces such well
known types as Donegal, Harris, Connemara,
and Galashiels
TWILL: A weave which characteristically forrns
diagonal lines across a fabric. A herring-
bone is a derivative of twill weave.
Fabric, most often of
VELVET (OR VELOURS) :
cotton, with short, close—cut pile that gives
a smooth rich surface. The effect is obtained
by æaving the faces together and split—
ting them apart, with a complex finishing
process of repeated steaming and shearing of
sur face .
VIALE: Ridge or rib in a knitted or woven cloth.
Wales may run crosswise, lengthwise or
di agonal 1 y.
WARP (OR ENDS): The lengthwise yarns in a
loom through which the crosswise filling yarns
(weft) axe interlaced.
WARP FACED: A woven cloth in which the warp
yarns predominate over the filling yarns.
WEAR ABRASION RESISTANCE: A fabric or yarn's
resistance to roughing—up or wear by rubbing
(See Wyzenbeek test) .
WEAVE: A characteristic interlacing of yarns,
or construction or pattern of a textile.
VEAVING: The process of making a fabric on
a loom by interlacing one set of threads
(warp) at right angles to other threads
(weft) .
Hor izontal or cross—
WEFT (OR FILLING OR WOOF) :
wise element in woven cloth.
WOOL: Fiber or fleece from the sheep, espe—
cially known for its warmth, elasticity,
lustre and affinity for color. Fiber char—
acteristics vary in crimp, length and thick—
ness. yarns are usually spun by combining
several fibers from different breeds of
sheep .
WOOLEN: Wide range of tweed—like fabrics made
compa red with fine
from rough wolen yarns.
worsteds, they generally exhibit simpler
æaves and coarser finishes .

****** Result for Image/Page 12 ******
FABRICS
SECTION 12550
WORSTED: Yarn made from the long combed staple of
Fabrics made of vorsted wol are
raw mol.
closely constructed of snooth, well—twisted yarns.
Minimum finishing is required, and cloths are
left with clear surface .
WYZENBEEK TEST: A test used to measure a fabric 's
resistance to wear abrasion. Arnerican Society
for Testing and Materials standards require a
fabric to pass 3,000 double rubs (light duty) ,
9, 000 double rubs (medium duty) or 15, 000 double
rubs (heavy duty) for certification.
It is
YARN: The most basic component of fabric.
any form of spun, twisted, extruded, natural or
man—made fiber which can be inter laced in weav—
It can be a blend of two or more fibers
ing.
or a single filament, and may be plied when two
or more yarns are twisted together.
YARN—DYEING: The process by which color is applied
to yarn before weaving.
ZEPELTM: A registered brand name for a fabric
finish (See ScotchgardTM)
12550