InspectAPedia.com InspectAPedia®
Google
InspectAPedia
 

Free Encyclopedia of Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, Repair

Ask a Question or Search InspectAPedia

  • HOME
  • AIR CONDITIONING
  • ELECTRICAL
  • EXTERIORS
  • HEATING
  • HOME INSPECTION
  • INTERIORS
  • PLUMBING
  • ROOFING
  • SEPTIC SYSTEMS
  • STRUCTURE
  • WATER SUPPLY
  • ENERGY SAVINGS
  • ENVIRONMENT
  • INDOOR AIR IAQ
  • INSULATION
  • MOLD INSPECT TEST REMOVE
  • NOISE
  • ODORS
  • SOLAR ENERGY
  • VENTILATION
  • EXPERTS DIRECTORY
  • CONTACT US



Mobile Phone/PDA website viewMobile View
BUILDING SAFETY HAZARDS GUIDE
PLUMBING SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR
SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR

AEROBIC SEPTIC SYSTEMS
ALTERNATING BED SEPTIC SYSTEMS

BACKUP PREVENTION, SEWER LINE

BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS

CESSPOOLS
CESSPOOL SAFETY WARNINGS
CHECK VALVES, WATER SUPPLY
CHEMICALS & TREATMENTS for SEPTICS
CHLORINE IN DRINKING WATER
CISTERNS
CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
  FIRST SIGNS of DRAIN CLOGGING
  DRAIN vs SEPTIC
  BLOCKED DRAIN?
  BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
    Plumbing Trap Clog Repair
    Drain Cleaner Chemicals
    Toilet Plunger Method
    Plumbing Snake Drain De-Clog
    Kinetic Water Ram™ Opens Drains
  DRAIN DRAINFIELD DIAGNOSTIC TABLE
  BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
  PLUMBING DRAIN NOISE DIAGNOSIS
  PLUMBING DRAIN NOISE REPAIR

DEFINITIONS OF SEPTIC SYSTEM TERMS
DIFFICULT SEPTIC SITES
DISTRIBUTION-BOX INSPECTION, SEPTIC
DRAINFIELD FAILURE DIAGNOSIS
DRIVING or PARKING OVER SEPTIC COMPONENTS?
DRYWELL DESIGN & USES

FILTERS SEPTIC & GREYWATER
FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP
FLOODED SEPTIC SYSTEMS, REPAIR

GARBAGE DISPOSAL vs SEPTICS
GRAVELLESS SEPTIC SYSTEMS
GRAVITY/SIPHON DOSING SYSTEMS
GREYWATER SYSTEMS

HOME BUYERS GUIDE to SEPTIC SYSTEMS
HOME SELLERS GUIDE TO SEPTIC INSPECT

LAGOON SEPTIC SYSTEMS
LEACHFIELD FAILURE DIAGNOSIS

MEDIA FILTER SEPTIC SYSTEMS
MOUND SEPTIC SYSTEMS

ODORS GASES SMELLS, DIAGNOSIS & CURE
ODOR DIAGNOSIS CHECKLIST
ODORLESS CHEMICALS / GASES: CHECK FOR?
ODORS, PLUMBING SYSTEM
ODORS, SEPTIC or SEWER
ODORS, SULPHUR SMELL SOURCES
OUTHOUSES & LATRINES

PLANTS & TREES OVER SEPTIC SYSTEMS
PRESSURE DOSING SEPTIC SYSTEMS

RAISED BED SEPTIC SYSTEMS

SAND BED SEPTIC SYSTEMS
SEEPAGE PITS
SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
SEPTIC AUTHORITIES, DESIGN REGS
SEPTIC BACKUP PREVENTION
  SEPTIC BACKUPS During Heavy System Use
  SEWER BACKUP PREVENTION
SEPTIC BACKUP REPAIR
SEPTIC BOOK, ONLINE
SEPTIC BOOKSTORE
SEPTIC BIOMATS

SEPTIC CLEARANCE DISTANCES
SEPTIC CODES & REFERENCES
SEPTIC CONSULTANTS
SEPTIC DRAINFIELD FAILURE DIAGNOSIS
SEPTIC DRAINFIELD INSPECTION & TEST
SEPTIC DRAINFIELD LIFE
SEPTIC DRAINFIELD LOCATION
SEPTIC DRAINFIELD RESTORERS?
SEPTIC DRAWINGS
SEPTIC DYE TEST PROCEDURE

SEPTIC FAILURE LAWSUIT
SEPTIC FAILURE SIGNS
SEPTIC FIELD INSPECTION
SEPTIC FILTERS
SEPTIC FLOOD RESPONSE
SEPTIC HOLDING TANKS

SEPTIC INSPECTION & TEST GUIDE
SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECTION CLASS
SEPTIC LIFE EXPECTANCY
SEPTIC LIFE MAXIMIZING STEPS
SEPTIC METHANE GAS

SEPTIC ODORS
SEPTIC PUMPS
SEPTIC PUMPING REPAIR
SEPTIC REFERENCES

SEPTIC & CESSPOOL SAFETY
SEPTIC SUPPLIES & PARTS
SEPTIC SYSTEM DEFINITIONS
SEPTIC SYSTEM DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
SEPTIC SYSTEM DESIGN BASICS
SEPTIC SYSTEM DESIGN MANUAL - Online

SEPTIC SYSTEMS, HOME BUYERS GUIDE to
SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECTION & TEST GUIDE
SEPTIC SYSTEMS ONLINE BOOK
SEPTIC SYSTEM ODORS
SEPTIC SYSTEM SAFETY WARNINGS

SEPTIC SYSTEM TYPES, MASTER LIST

SEPTIC TANKS
SEPTIC TANK BAFFLES
SEPTIC TANK COVERS
SEPTIC TANK, HOW TO FIND
SEPTIC TANK GRASS or SNOWMELT
SEPTIC TANK INSPECTION PROCEDURE
SEPTIC TANK PUMPING PROCEDURE
SEPTIC TANK PUMPING SCHEDULE
SEPTIC TANK SAFETY
SEPTIC TANK SIZE
SEPTIC TANK TEES

SEPTIC TESTS: DYE & LOADING TESTS
SEPTIC TREATMENTS & CHEMICALS

SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS
SEWAGE BACKUP, WHAT TO DO
SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWAGE BACKUP PREVENTION
SEWAGE CONTAMINATION in BUILDINGS

SEWAGE CONTAMINANTS in FRUIT / VEGETABLES
SEWAGE EJECTOR / GRINDER PUMPS
SEWAGE NITROGEN CONTAMINANTS
  NITROGEN CONTAMINATION
  NITROGEN REFERENCES
SEWAGE PATHOGENS in SEPTIC SLUDGE
  Components Entering a Septic Tank
  Components of Raw Sewage
  Components of Septic Tank Effluent
  Settled septic tank sludge
  Floating septic tank scum
  Gases in the septic tank
SEWAGE PUMPS
SEWAGE PUMP CLOG DAMAGE

SEWER BACKUP PREVENTION
SEWER GAS ODORS
SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT
SMELL PATCH TEST to Track Down Odors
SULPHUR & SEWER GAS SMELL SOURCES
SINKHOLES, WARNING SIGNS
SOAKAWAY BED FAILURE DIAGNOSIS

TOILETS, INSPECT, INSTALL, REPAIR
TOILET ALTERNATIVES
TOILET REPAIR GUIDE
TOILET TYPES
Toilet Types, Flush Methods
TOILETS, DON'T FLUSH LIST
TRAPS on PLUMBING FIXTURES
TREATMENTS & CHEMICALS, SEPTIC

VIDEO GUIDES: Septic Videos

WASHING MACHINES & SEPTIC SYSTEMS
WATER SOFTENERS & CONDITIONERS

WATER SUPPLY & DRAIN PIPING
  CLOGGED DRAIN DIAGNOSIS & REPAIR
    FIRST SIGNS of DRAIN CLOGGING
    DRAIN vs SEPTIC
    BLOCKED DRAIN?
  BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
    DRAIN DRAINFIELD DIAGNOSTIC TABLE
    BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS
    PLUMBING DRAIN NOISE DIAGNOSIS
    PLUMBING DRAIN NOISE REPAIR

WASTEWATER TREATMENT BASICS
WATER, WELLS, WATER TANKS: TESTING GUIDE

WATER PURIFIERS

WATER QUALITY TESTS, CONTAMINANTS, TREATMENT
WATER QUANTITY IMPROVEMENT
WATER QUANTITY USAGE GUIDE
WATER, WELLS, WATER TANKS: TESTING GUIDE

WETLAND SEPTIC SYSTEMS
WINTERIZE A BUILDING

More Information

PHOTO of sewage contamination sludge on the floor in a basement from a sewer line backup Sewage or Septic Contamination in Buildings - Investigation, Testing and Remediation
InspectAPedia®  -      

  • How to test for sewage contamination and pathogenic or bacterial hazards in buildings
  • Advice for cleaning up after a sewage backup in a building
  • Questions & answers about testing for sewage contamination in buildings

This article explains how to deal with and test for sewage backup contamination, sewage contamination testing, inspection, and cleanup- remediation in residential and commercial buildings. If you have had sewage back up and spill out of toilets into the building, cleanup is needed and you may face bacterial hazards.

InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers nor with topics or services discussed at this website.

If you have had a sewage backup or burst house drain pipe in your building this document offers some advice on how to test for sewage contamination, bacterial and viral hazards, and links to sewage spill cleanup and bacterial hazard information regarding sewage and septic spill contamination. We explain why and how testing for sewage contamination is performed and we discuss the urgency of proper cleanup following a sewage backup or spill in a building. At SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS we list the pathogens and contaminants commonly found in sewage and in sewage backup waters.

In this article series we explain the causes of sewer or septic backups into buildings, the health hazards, testing, and cleanup of sewage backups, and the cure or prevention of future sewage or septic backup problems.

If your building has had a septic or sewage system backup into the structure see SEWAGE BACKUP, WHAT TO DO and also see SEWAGE BACKUP PREVENTION. At SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP we discuss how to test for bacterial or other pathogens in a building - tests that may be useful after a sewage spill cleanup in order to assure that the building is acceptably clean.

The photo above shows what dirt and sewage sludge may look like in a basement after a sewer line backup. See BLOCKED DRAIN REPAIR METHODS to try clearing your blocked drain before going to more drastic measures.

© Copyright 2012 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Information Accuracy & Bias Pledge is at below-left. Use page top links to major topics or use links at the left of each page to navigate within topics and documents at this website. Green links show where you are in a document series or at this website.

Testing For Bacterial Contamination and Cleaning Up Sewage Backups in Buildings

Sewage backup under a homeChecking buildings for indoor air quality or other contaminants which may affect occupant health should not omit inspecting and taking site history for evidence of sewage or septic system backups into the structure or basement or crawl space areas below the structure. Gray water and black water (sewage) can cause a wide range of fungal, bacteriological, viral, and parasitic hazards in buildings.

The photo at left shows evidence of raw sewage overflow in the crawl space under a home. Although a new waste line was installed (the white pipe at the top of the photograph) no cleanup has been performed.

Both a one-time event and recurrent sewage leaks into a building would be a concern, particularly if prompt and competent cleaning were not performed. If recurrent sewage contamination has occurred more extensive building cleaning and treatment are likely to be required.

One reason that experts recommend very prompt treatment following a sewage backup in a building is the wish to avoid transmission of bacterial contamination to other building areas.

Examples of sewage bacteria and virus transmission might be by movement of people from contaminated areas to other building areas (tracking contaminated soil), and air movement of aerosolized particles or contaminated dust through the building by natural convection, heating and air conditioning equipment, or other sources of air and dust movement.

Testing for Sewage or Septic Contamination

PHOTO of sewage contamination effluent and water stains on the floor in a basement after a sewer line backup


The photograph shows a rather innocent-looking wet concrete basement floor following a sewer line backup into this building. In fact a very high level of pathogens was present on the concrete, on the lower portions of furnishings, and on and inside the paneled wall cavity.

Demolition, cleaning, and disinfection were needed. These surfaces were then re-tested after cleaning and disinfection were complete.

Additional testing was conducted to confirm that the workers did not contaminate other building areas during this cleanup.

While sewage may contain many pathogens harmful to building occupants, testing for this problem usually focuses on indicator organisms including total coliform, fecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Enterococcus as these species are expected in human sewage waste. They are potentially harmful themselves as well as serving as an indicator of sewage contamination.

Typical sampling methods to test for sewage contamination in buildings include use of sterile swabs on sample surfaces both in the suspected area and as a control in other building areas where low or no contamination is expected.

Bulk samples of debris or building materials may also be collected, such as drywall suspected of having been wet with a sewage backup. Samples are sent to a qualified laboratory for culture and examination for these bacteria.

Since there are a variety of tests for bacteria and for possible sewage contamination, specification of the definitive lab test for sewage contamination is important where health concerns are at stake. Be sure to review the test choices with your laboratory before ordering a specific test as test accuracy and cost vary widely.

Questions & Answers regarding this article

Questions & answers about testing for sewage contamination in buildings

Ask a Question or Search InspectAPedia

HTML Comment Box is loading comments...

Recommend / Share this Article            

...

Technical Reviewers & References

  • InspectAPedia.com® - Daniel Friedman - Publisher & Editor.
  • InspectAPedia Bookstore lists recommended books, organized by topic & available for purchase. Most of our articles also include a list of recommended books for the specific article topic as well as other references, and information sources.
  • Critique, contributions wanted: Contact Us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website, and if you wish, to receive online listing and credit as a contributor. Particular thanks are due to the many experts and also consumers who read and critique technical articles at InspectAPedia.com.
  • Additional technical contributors & reference sources for this article are listed below.

Use links just below or at the left of each page to navigate this document or to view other topics at this website. Green links show where you are in our document or website.

FLOOD DAMAGE ASSESSMENT, SAFETY & CLEANUP

SEPTIC SYSTEM INSPECT DIAGNOSE REPAIR

SEPTIC BACKUP PREVENTION
  SEPTIC BACKUPS During Heavy System Use
  SEWER BACKUP PREVENTION
SEPTIC BACKUP REPAIR

SEPTIC FLOOD RESPONSE

SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWAGE & SEPTIC CONTAMINANTS
SEWAGE BACKUP TEST & CLEANUP
SEWAGE CONTAMINATION in BUILDINGS
SEWAGE CONTAMINANTS in FRUIT / VEGETABLES
SEWAGE NITROGEN CONTAMINANTS
  NITROGEN CONTAMINATION
  NITROGEN REFERENCES
SEWAGE PATHOGENS in SEPTIC SLUDGE
  Components Entering a Septic Tank
  Components of Raw Sewage
  Components of Septic Tank Effluent
  Settled septic tank sludge
  Floating septic tank scum
  Gases in the septic tank
SEWAGE PUMPS
SEWAGE PUMP CLOG DAMAGE
SEWER BACKUP PREVENTION
SEWER GAS ODORS
SEWER GAS ODORS in COLD WEATHER
SEWER LINE REPLACEMENT
SMELL PATCH TEST to Track Down Odors

TOILETS, INSPECT, INSTALL, REPAIR
TOILET ALTERNATIVES
TOILET OVERFLOW EMERGENCY
TOILET PLUGS, SEWER BACKUP
TOILET REPAIR GUIDE

  • Safety: Septic System, Septic Tank, & Cesspool Safety Warnings for Septic Inspectors, Septic Pumpers, and Homeowners
  • Septic Contaminants, identifying - what are the Nitrogen contaminants produced by septic systems and what can be done about them if they escape initial treatment?
  • Septic Tank Pathogens in Sludge and Floating Scum: what makes up the contents of residential sewage
  • Measuring Septic Sludge & Scum Levels in Septic Tanks - Measuring the Level of Accumulated Solids, Sludge and Floating Scum in Treatment Tanks
  • Sewage and Septic Contamination in Residential Buildings - inspecting and testing for bacterial contamination after a sewage spill: consumer information and expert resources
  • Septic Flood Response when and what to do to a septic system after area flooding

  • The Septic Information Website - Inspecting, Designing, & Maintaining Residential Septic Systems
  • "Remediation of Sewage Contaminated Crawlspaces", Byjim Holland, CR, "Cleaning and Restoration," July 1999, pp 22-24, original source: restcon.com/links/articles/Remediating%20Contaminated%20Crawlspaces.pdf
  • Escherichia coli O157:H7- US CDC
  • Demistifying Ecoli - Federation of Ontario Cottagers
  • Microbiology home page - US EPA
  • Cost effective testing for blackwater contamination in buildings Aerotech Labs
  • Indicator organisms, testing for sewage contamination in buildings Aerotech Labs
  • SEPTIC BACKUP PREVENTION
  • SEPTIC BACKUP REPAIR
  • Septic Contaminants, identifying - what are the contaminants produced by septic systems and what can be done about them if they escape initial treatment?
  • Sewage and Septic Contamination in Residential Buildings - consumer information and expert resources (this web page)
  • Sewage Pathogens in Septic Tank Sludge and Floating Scum: what makes up the contents of residential sewage
  • The Septic Information Website - Inspecting, Designing, & Maintaining Residential Septic Systems
  • Septic System Flood Response - what to do when a septic system has been exposed to flood water

Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair

  • Our recommended books about building & mechanical systems design, inspection, problem diagnosis, and repair, and about indoor environment and IAQ testing, diagnosis, and cleanup are at the InspectAPedia Bookstore. Also see our Book Reviews - InspectAPedia.
  • Home Reference Book - Carson Dunlop The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 2010, $69.00 U.S., is available from Carson Dunlop. The Home Reference Book is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. InspectAPedia.com ® editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume.
  • ...

Septic & Sewage Pathogens and Contaminants, References & Research Articles

  • Amahmid, O., Asmama, S., & Bouhoum, K. (1999). The effect of waste water reuse in irrigation on the contamination level of food crops by Giardia cysts and Ascaris eggs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 49(1-2), 19-26.
  • Barak, J.D., Whitehand, L.C., & Charkowski, A.O. (2002). Differences in attachment of Salmonella enterica serovars and Escherichia coli O157:H7 to alfalfa sprouts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(10), 4758-4763.
  • Beuchat, L.R. (1996). Pathogenic microorganisms associated with fresh produce. Journal of Food Protection, 59(2), 204-216.
  • Breuer, T., Benkel, D.H., Shapiro, R.L., Hall, W.N., Winnett, M.M., Linn, M.J., Timothy, J.N., Barrett, J., Dietrich, S., Downes, F.P., Toney, D.M., Pearson, J.L., Rolka, H., Slutsker. L., & Griffin, P.M. (2001). A multi-state outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections linked to alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 7(6), 977-982.
  • Castro-Rosas, J., & Escartin, E.F. (2000). Survival and growth of Vibrio cholerae O1, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in alfalfa sprouts. Journal of Food Science, 65(1), 162-165.
  • Charkowski, A.O., Barak, J.D., Sarreal, C.Z., & Mandrell, R.E. (2002). Growth and colonization patterns of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on alfalfa sprouts and the effects of sprouting temperature, i inoculum /in·oc·u·lum/ (-ok´u-lum) pl. inoc´ula   material used in inoculation.
  • Evans, M.R., Ribeiro, C.D., & Salmon, R.L. (2003). Hazards of healthy living: Bottled water and salad vegetables as risk factors for Campylobacter infection. Emerging Infectious Disease, 9(10), 1219-1225.
  • Frost, J.A., McEvoy, M.B., Bentley, C.A., Andersson, Y., & Rowe, B. (1995). An outbreak of Shigella sonnei infection associated with consumption of iceberg. Emerging Infectious Disease, 1(1), 26-28.
  • Guo, X., Chen, J., Brackett, R.E., & Beuchat, L.R. (2001). Survival of Salmonellae on and in tomato plants from the time of inoculation at flowering and early stages of fruit development through fruit ripening, said of meat. See curing. . Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 67(10), 4760-4764.
  • Guo, X., Chen, J., Brackett, R.E., & Beuchat, L.R. (2002). Survival of Salmonellae on tomatoes stored at high relative humidity, in soil, and on tomatoes in contact with soil. Journal of Food Protection, 65(2), 274-279.
  • Guo, X., Iersel, M.W.V., Chen, J., Brackett, R.E., & Beuchat, L.R. (2002). Evidence of association of salmonellae with tomato plants grown hydroponically in inoculated nutrient solution. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 68(7), 3639-3643.
  • Itoh, Y., Sugita-Konishi, Y., Kasuga, E, Iwaki, M., Hara-Kudo, Y., Saito, N., Noguchi, Y, Konuma, H., & Kumagai, S. (1998) Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli EHEC Any of the E coli serotypes–eg O29, O39, O145 that produces shiga-like toxins, causing bloody inflammatory diarrhea, evoking a HUS. See Escherichia coli O157:H7, Hemolytic uremic syndrome.  O157:H7 present in radish sprouts. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64(4), 1532-1535.
  • Madden, J.M. (1992). Microbial pathogens in fresh produce--The regulatory perspective. Journal of Food Protection, 55, 821-823.
    McMahon, M.A.S., & Wilson, I.G. (2001). The occurrence of enteric pathogens and Aeromonas species in organic vegetables. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 70(1-2),155-162.
  • Puohiniemi, R., Heiskanen, T., & Siitonen, A. (1997). Molecular epidemiology of two international sprout-borne Salmonella outbreaks. Journal of Clinical Microbiology . 35(10), 2487-2491.
  • Shearer, A.E., Strapp, C.M., & Joerger, R.D. (2001). Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction-based system for detection of Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria spp., and Listeria monocytogenes on fresh fruit and vegetables. Journal of Food Protection, 64(6), 788-795.
  • Takeuchi, K., Hassan, A.N., & Frank, J.F. (2001). Penetration of Escherichia coli O157:H7 into lettuce as influenced by modified atmosphere and temperature. Journal of Food Protection, 64(11), 1820-1823.
  • Wright, C., Kominos, S.D., & Yee, R.B. (1976). Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa recovered from vegetable salads. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 31(3), 453-454.
  • ...

Home About Us Accuracy Contact Us Content Use Policy Printing Tips Privacy Website Description © 2012 Copyright InspectAPedia.com