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 How to Use Disinfectants, Mold Sprays, Biocides, Mold Encapsulants, Fungicides, & Sealant Paints
- Mold spray encapsulant, disinfectant, encapsulant use guidelines
- Mold spray mistakes to avoid
- Definition of biocide, disinfectant, sanitizer, sterilize
- Guide to using disinfectants, sprays, and paints to control bacteria, mold, or other indoor environmental problems
- Recommendation against biocides for mold remediation
- Mold prevention, insect pest damage risk reduction, allergen & bacterial hazard reduction in buildings
- MOLD CLEARANCE INSPECTIONS - separate article
- Questions & Answers about how best to use biocides, fungicidal sealants, sanitizers & sprays in buildings as part of a mold contamination remediation job
- References
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InspectAPedia tolerates no conflicts of interest. We have no relationship with advertisers, products, or services discussed at this website.
Using sprays, sealants, sanitizers indoors: this article discusses the use of sprays to address bacterial and mold hazards in buildings. We illustrate when the use of disinfectant or biocidal sprays, fungicides, bleach, paints, and encapsulant coatings are useful, and when they are a mistake. This article emphasizes that cleaning or removing problem mold and correcting the reasons why it grew are key steps, adding that consumers should beware of use of sprays of any kind if they substitute for those steps.
Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman.
When Is it Good Practice to Use Biocides or Fungal sprays in a Building to Address Bacteria or Mold?
Guide to Using Biocides, Fungal Sprays, Mold Sprays, Sanitizers, Sealants for Indoor Mold, Particle, or Odor Contaminants
For details about cleaning up mold in buildings, readers should see MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE- HOW TO GET RID OF MOLD. Readers should also see MOLD CLEANUP with BLEACH and MOLD CLEANUP - WOOD FRAMING & PLYWOOD and also MOLD CLEANUP MISTAKES to AVOID. Also see see TRAPPED MOLD BETWEEN WOOD SURFACES for a discussion of the question of need to remove mold from mated and inaccessible building surfaces.
Readers should also see FUNGICIDAL SPRAY & SEALANT USE GUIDE, see BLEACHING MOLD, Advice about and step by step mold cleanup advice at MOLD CLEANUP GUIDE- HOW TO GET RID OF MOLD and also MOLD CLEANUP - MISTAKES to AVOID. See CRAWL SPACE DRYOUT PROCEDURES if your building is built over a crawl area
Is there evidence of mold or bacterial contamination in the building such as areas of wood, paper, or other material covered with mold or mold-suspect material or signs of a prior sewer backup?
If the building has more than 30 sq.ft. of contiguous toxic or allergenic mold it should be cleaned by a professional mold remediation company. See MOLD EXPERT, WHEN TO HIRE and DO IT YOURSELF MOLD CLEANUP.
Beware: often the most serious mold we find in buildings is not the "toxic black mold" you see on a building surface, but rather the mold you don't see in building cavities, even on indoor building surfaces, or in fiberglass insulation in a damp or wet area. See FIND MOLD in buildings, HOW TO and Mold in Fiberglass Insulation for details.
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What are the Proper Steps for Removing Indoor Mold Contamination?
- First properly inspect the building to confirm that a mold problem is the source of occupant complaints, accurately locate the mold reservoir, and accurately identify and correct its cause before launching any costly mold remediation job. See Premature or Inaccurate Mold Spray Application below
- Second it is important to physically remove contaminated or moldy materials and debris or materials and debris that have been contaminated with sewage or flood water sludge and mud.
- Third it is important to physically clean the contaminated surfaces in a crawl space such as moldy joists or subflooring.
- Fourth, use of a biocide, sanitizer, disinfectant, or surface encapsulating spray as a final step makes people feel more confident about the mold or sewage cleanup, but although this is a widespread practice, the use of biocides is questioned by experts. See Recommendation Against Biocides [for mold remediation] below.
One could certainly question the usefulness, effectiveness, and wisdom of spraying carpeting such as shown in our page top photo. If the carpeting is so infected as to "need" spraying with a disinfectant, it and its padding should be removed, discarded, and the surfaces cleaned instead.
At MOLD SPRAY SOURCES & TYPES we give contact information for suppliers of biocides, cleaners, fungicidal sealants, sanitizers, paints that are listed just below.
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- Anabec NG2000™, Anabec X70™ waterborne sealant are also products used in mold remediation projects.
- Bioshield BST Protectant RTU75™ products are used in mold remediation projects
- Cal-Brite™ is a sanitizer sold by Caltex and other distributors, used in a variety of cleaning applications including HVAC evaporator coil cleaning and deck cleaning.
- Fiberlok IAQ 6000 HD™ and Fosters 4051™ (clear coating or pigmented coating available) produce sealants frequently used extensively by mold and flood damage remediation companies. See When is it Good Practice to use Mold Paints, Fungicidal Sealants and Encapsulant Sprays.
- Microban Nuocide™ ( Microban antimicrobial products) is an example of a broad spectrum biocidal spray that is in wide popular use by mold and flood damage remediation contractors.
- Protex™ 63, a sealant and coating formulated for exterior use and Rocima™40 a broad spectrum fungicide.
- Pro-Oxine™ is a biocide used in the food industry and other applications. Its product description includes "Bacterial, mold, and odor control throughout the facility" [note that this is not describing a residential application]
Be Careful to Avoid Premature or Inaccurate Mold Spray Application
 At a follow-up investigation requested by homeowners (client Z., 2007) we learned that a local mold remediator had applied a spray product into wall cavities and on interior wall surfaces.The clients reported that a "biocidal spray" was used in their basement and in upper floor wall cavities. (See Biocide Sanitizer Confusion below).
Because the problem mold reservoir had not been properly located, moldy odors and mold complaints persisted in the home.
The client is shown (photo at left) indicating one of the basement spray application locations. Based on client-perceived odor sources, the remediator used an thermography - an infra-red camera to identify cool areas around a window, areas that he then identified to the client as the problem mold reservoir. A mold spray product was applied through small openings into wall cavities around the window and on exposed surfaces in other building locations. (Photo, left). THERMOGRAPHY IR Infra Red & Thermal Scanners - discusses use of infrared and thermography images and temperature scanning equipment.
The source of odors in a building can be tricky to pinpoint, as we discuss at ODORS & SMELLS DIAGNOSIS & CURE.
When the client continued to complain of mold odors in the home, a subsequent inspection including test cuts by the author were made into the previously-sprayed wall cavity where we found evidence that no water or air leaks (an expected cause of mold in a building cavity) nor mold had previously been present where the spray was applied.
That inspection and subsequent laboratory testing indicated that the spray procedure had been ineffective, almost certainly because it was applied based on poor mold-locating methodology, and because it had not been applied where mold was in fact present in a problem mold reservoir that we located (by inspection) elsewhere in the building.
The client's leftover product's package label described the coating as intended for ceilings, roofs, decks, walls, mold, odor, and exterior surface cleaning, and USDA authorized for use in federally inspected meat and poultry plants. The "left over material" was labeled as CalBrite™.
The company's attorneys have indicated that:
"CalBrite is not held out to be a biocide. To the contrary, CalBrite is a sanitizer, and when used it will kill as much mold as a more chemically potent or harmful biocide."
At its core however, the ultimate success of this mold odor removal case turned not on choice of mold spray chemical, but on accurately finding the problem mold reservoir. It illustrates the importance of determining that a problem mold reservoir is present in a building, using valid investigation and testing methods, and accurately locating the problem(s) in the building before any costly cleaning, sprays or other steps are applied.
See MOLD CLEANUP - MISTAKES to AVOID for a master list of the principal ways that people foul up mold cleanup projects. Also see ODORS & SMELLS DIAGNOSIS & CURE, and FIND MOLD in buildings, HOW TO.
Biocide - Sanitizer Definitions & Confusion Among Biocide, Disinfectant, Sanitizer, Sterilizer
It appears that many consumers and perhaps some mold remediators are unclear about the distinction among definitions of biocide, disinfectant, sanitizer, and sterilizer. [Given just below.] While the producers of various cleaning products are careful to distinguish among these terms when describing their individual products, a search for official definitions shows why confusion might be expected among the general public. Even U.S. EPA mixes and merges these terms and often discusses them together.
"The cleanup process involves thorough washing and disinfecting of the walls, floors, closets, shelves, and contents of the house. In most cases, common household cleaning products and disinfectants are used for this task. ... It is important to remember that disinfectants and sanitizers contain toxic substances. The ability of chemicals in cleaning products to cause health effects varies greatly, from those with no known health effects to those that are highly toxic."
"... sanitizer products, as defined in section 455.10, are "pesticide products that are intended to disinfect or sanitize, reducing or mitigating growth or development of microbiological organisms including bacteria, fungi, or viruses on inanimate surfaces in the household, institutional, and/or commercial environment and whose labeled directions for use result in the product being discharged to ... [potable water supplies]" -- U.S. EPA
New York State's health department describes bleach as a sanitizer.
Basic Definitions of Biocide, Disinfect, Sterilize, Sanitize, Sanitizer
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Sterilize refers to the statistical destruction and removal of all living organisms. "to make free from living microorganisms" - Merriam Webster This is an old term, dating at least from 1695.
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Disinfect refers to inanimate objects and the destruction of all vegetative cells (not spores). "to free from infection, especially by destroying harmful microorganisms; broadly, cleanse. - Merriam Webster This is an old term, dating from 1598. New York State DOH defines "disinfect" as "To eliminate virtually all germs from inanimate surfaces through the use of chemicals, or through the use of heat."
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Sanitize refers to the reduction of microorganisms to levels considered safe from a public health viewpoint. "to make sanitary (as by cleaning or sterilizing); to make more acceptable by removing unpleasant or undesired features. - Merriam Webster This term dates from 1836.
- A sanitizer: is a product used to disinfect or sanitize, reducing microbiological growth on inanimate surfaces [i.e. not on living animals or plants] .
- A biocide: this is a broad term referring to any substance, especially a bactericide or fungicide, that kills or retards the growth of microorganisms -"a substance (as DDT) that is destructive to many different organisms" - Merriam Webster with similar definitions at www.yourdictionary.com/, Merriam Webster and the US EPA.
An example of a biocide product is Bio-Cide International's Pro-Oxine. More on biocides and an expert's recommendation against their use in mold remediation projects is provided at Recommendation Against Biocides.
Industry and product definitions of sanitizers emphasize what the producers state are less-toxic or even non-toxic (to humans and other animals) chemicals used in those products.
Our research found that a main distinction between a sanitizer and a disinfectant is that at the "specified use" dilution, the disinfectant will have a higher kill rate of bacterial pathogens than a sanitizer. As Burge points out below, some microorganisms are quite resistant to disinfectants / biocides.
Similarly, a narrow distinction between sterilize and disinfect is to distinguish between removing all living microorganisms and removing virtually all microorganisms.
See ASTM E197105 and see CSPA Public School Cleaning Product Guidelines. Also see "Basic Elements of Equipment Cleaning and Sanitizing in Food Processing and Handling Operations", University of Florida IFAS Extension.
In addition to the use of biocides or sanitizers directly in or on buildings, some building coatings may contain a biocide or a sanitizer product as well.
Recommendation Against Biocides
Some experts also warn that at least some biocides may be irritating or harmful to building occupants, may leave harmful particles, are only temporarily and only partly effective, and may add moisture that adds problems to the building to the question “When should I use biocides during fungal remediation in buildings?” , the short answer is that use of biocides should be avoided if you can. We agree with the following opinion expressed by Dr. Harriet Burge, our favorite teacher and a respected expert in the field of public health:
Biocides, as the word indicates, are designed to kill living organisms. The simplest answer to the question, is to use biocides when you want to kill something.
Answers are never so simplistic, however. Before using a biocide, you should consider the following questions:
- Is killing the organism going to make a difference in the remediation outcome? The answer to the first question, at least with respect to fungal growth in buildings, is usually “no”.
Most illnesses and symptoms related to fungal exposure will occur whether or not the fungus is alive or dead.
Also, the use of biocides will only marginally change the speed with which re-growth occurs if suitable moisture
conditions recur. Cases where biocides may affect outcomes are in hospitals where infection of immunocompromised
patients is of concern, in cleaning up bird droppings infested with Cryptococcus neoformans, or as a delay tactic
in areas prone to repeated wetting. Fixing the water problem, or using materials that do not support fungal growth,
are better long-term solutions. See MOLD KILLING GUIDE for more about "killing" mold.
- Is the biocide effective against the organisms of concern in this case? The second question is equally important, especially for fungi.
Most biocides were designed to kill infectious bacteria in hospitals and other high-risk environments.
Many biocides that work well against bacteria are essentially useless for the control of fungi. Thus, fungi are highly resistant to ozone, ultraviolet radiation, quarternary ammonium compounds, and many other commonly used biocides. Some of these biocides (e.g., ozone) will inactivate some spores in a population and enhance germination for those remaining. For this reason, reliance on biocides is not recommended for the control of most fungi. Examples of biocides that are effective against fungi are: ethylene oxide (useful as a fumigant for wet, moldy books), formaldehyde in high concentrations, and glutaraldehyde in high concentrations. None of these are recommended for use except under exceptional circumstances due to their potential toxicity.
- Is exposure to the biocide more or less dangerous than exposure to the living agent(s) of concern? For any biocide, it is important to weigh the risks of human exposure to the biocide against the potential benefit of reducing human exposure to the fungal species targeted. For many infectious disease agents for which most biocides were designed, the disease is far worse than exposure to the biocide. So the answer is, for nonspecific building-related symptoms, the risk tradeoff is not so clear-cut.
If possible, biocide use should be avoided.
If there is a logical reason to use biocides in a specific case, then care must be taken to insure that
the biocide will be effective and that human exposure to the biocide will be minimized. -- Dr. Harriet Burge EM Lab by email 8/30/04
Also see MOLD CLEANUP - MISTAKES to AVOID for a master list of the principal ways that people foul up mold cleanup projects.
When is it Good Practice to use Mold Paints, Fungicidal Sealants and Encapsulant Sprays in a Crawl Space or in Other Building Areas?
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 Surface encapsulant sprays are used by mold and flood damage remediators to knock down remaining airborne particles in the work area and to immobilize (the hopefully very few) particles that remain on surfaces and in crevices of a building area after professional cleaning.
We sometimes see encapsulant sprays applied right on top of thick heavy debris or on building insulation. This is an ineffective shortcut that should be avoided. (Photo at above left).
Our laboratory photo shows how a clear encapsulant spray (Fosters 4051™) produced individual "over spray" dried droplets which captured both small particles and some large fiberglass insulation fragments that were airborne at the time the encapsulant was being sprayed in the remediation area.
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 Clean, don't just spray: Do not, however, permit the use of biocides, disinfectants, sprays, or encapsulants as a substitute for the physical cleaning that must come first.
Otherwise there is risk that you will leave harmful contaminants and particles in the building, and it is likely that cleanup will be inadequate. Look at the thick debris sprayed-over in this building. Simply stirring the debris shows that this approach was ineffective.
If you are going to apply a mold paint or sealant in a building, be neat and thorough. Don't accept an incomplete, amateur job like the one shown in our photo at left.
Fiberlok IAQ 6000 HD™, Anabec X70™ waterborne sealant, and Fosters 4051™ (clear coating shown at above right) produce sealants frequently used by mold and flood damage remediation companies. Also see Protex™ 63, a sealant and coating t formulated for exterior use.
If your mold cleanup area involves a damp or wet crawl space or basement, be sure to review CRAWL SPACE DRYOUT PROCEDURES. |
Once the building has been cleaned of debris and moldy materials, and building leaks, moisture traps, or crawl space water has removed, and after we've eliminated the sources of building water entry, we are ready to take the next steps to keep the building clean and dry.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about mold sprays, mold killers, biocides, sanitizers & other spray-treatments for mold contamination
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Technical Reviewers & References
Related Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
- Harriet Burge, Harvard School of Public Health, and EM Laboratory, a private mold and environmental testing lab - email to D.F. August, 2004. Dr. Burge is an educator, writer, and consultant in the field of indoor air quality and mold contamination.
- Product literature and MSDS sheets for the biocides and fungicidal sealants listed in this article.
- US Centers for Disease Control, CDC: www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/ describes the risks associated with hantavirus.
- "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home",
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
- Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, CMHC, "Moisture and Air, problems and remedies, Householders Guide," NHA 5968, 1989, reprinted to 1995 cmhc-schl.gc.ca 800-668-2642. Cette publication est aussi disponible en francasi sus le tire: L'air et l'humidite - LNH 5969.
- US EPA - Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
- US EPA - Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo [Copy on file as /sickhouse/EPA_Moho_Guia_sp.pdf - en Espanol
Directory of Producers of Mold Remediation Products, Fungicidal Sprays, Sealants, Biocides, Washes
See MOLD SPRAY SOURCES & TYPES for our complete product list;
We have no financial interest in any of these products. This data was discovered by internet search. We have no
independent scientific data as yet regarding the effectiveness, toxicity, chemical composition, nor durability of these products. Producers of mold remediation products are welcome to Contact Us by email (please, not by telephone) to suggest product listings, website technical content, or technical corrections.
- Anabec Systems - 9393 Main St. • P.O. Box 433 • Clarence, NY 14031 see http://www.anabec.com/index.cfm Tel: 800-369-8463 Anabec NG2000™ produces many products used in mold remediation projects.
- ASTM E197105, “Standard Guide on Stewardship for the Cleaning of Commercial and Institutional buildings,” ASTM International. See ASTM website, www.astm.org
- Bioshield BST - Bioshield BST Protectant RTU75™ - Bioshield Technologies - Bio Shield Technologies
P.O. Box 15,
Clarks Summit, Pa 18411, Tel: 717-489-1728
Fax - 717-489-0228
Email – info@bioshieldtech.com
Web – www.bioshieldtech.com - http://www.bioshieldtech.com/Contact-Us-a/138.htm The company indicates that it
"... offer a wide assortment of ... antimicrobial and personal protection products .... We work with only the industry’s leading manufacturers—DuPont, Agion, Discovery Medical, Anabec Systems, Woodward Labs, ..."
- Caltex International Ltd., 60 Presidential Plaza, Suite 1405, Syracuse, NY 13202 Toll Free: 315-425-1040 Email: caltex@caltexinternational.com Website: (deck cleaning) http://www.caltexinternational.com/section/business_opportunities/deck_cleaning/
[Uncooperative in providing technical information, attorneys, letter]
MSDS sheets for Cal-Brite can be found at http://www.rogerssupply.com/msds/hazmat/NuCalgon/nu4133.pdf and at Purdue University: http://www2.itap.purdue.edu/MSDS/docs/2413.pdf
Cal-Brite Coil Cleaner is described Carrier Corporation who is also a distributor,
"Cal-Brite - Low pH or acid-based product developed for cleaning evaporator and condenser coils, safe yet aggressive, NU4133-08"- http://www.container.carrier.com/Files/Container/Global/US-en/Tool7.pdf More detail was found provided by NuCalgon:
"Cal-Brite is a low-pH or acid-based product developed for cleaning evaporator coils, air-cooled condensers and other finned cooling and heating coils. It is based upon glycolic acid and ammonium bifluoride, and it incorporates two surfactants, including DuPont’s Merpol®. The activity between the glycolic acid and the ammonium bifluoride produces a synergestic cleaning effect, resulting in a clean, brightened coil but with the utmost in safety to the applicator and the job site as compared to HF-based products." - http://www.nucalgon.com/assets/prodlit/3-34.pdf
See DIRTY COIL CLEANING PROCEDURES for details on debris-blocked A/C coils.
- CSPA - "Proposed Guidelines and Specifications for the Procurement and Use of Environmentally Sensitive Cleaning and Maintenance Products for Public Schools," CSPA, http://www.cspa.org/ Consumer Specialty Products Association, addressed to
the New York State Office of General Services, 17 May 2006 - www.standingupforillinois.org/uploads/16.doc
"
One of the FTC Guides' general principles states that comparative claims should be presented in a manner that makes the basis for the comparison sufficiently clear to avoid consumer deception. Also, the FTC Guides advise against the use of broad environmental terms implying environmental friendliness, since these terms are difficult to define and substantiate. Therefore, without conducting a full life-cycle assessment to consider all environmental impacts, classifying or marketing products as "environmentally preferable" or “environmentally sensitive” can be misleading to consumers. CSPA’s policy is that we support the goals of the FTC Guides, and are encouraging the OGS to consider standards that are consistent and do not conflict with the Guides."
From the association's website http://www.cspa.org/
"The Consumer Specialty Products Association (CSPA) is the premier trade association representing the interests of approximately 240 companies engaged in the manufacture, formulation, distribution and sale of approximately $80 billion annually in the U.S. of hundreds of familiar consumer products that help household and institutional customers create cleaner and healthier environments. Our products include disinfectants that kill germs in homes, hospitals and restaurants; candles, fragrances and air fresheners that eliminate odors; pest management products for home, garden and pets; cleaning products and polishes for use throughout the home and institutions; products used to protect and improve the performance and appearance of automobiles; aerosol products and a host of other products used every day. Through its product stewardship program Product Care® and scientific and business-to-business endeavors, CSPA provides its members a platform to effectively address issues regarding the health, safety,
sustainability and environmental impacts of their products."
- Fiberlok Technologies, Tel: 800-342-3755 - http://www.fiberlock.com/products/8360.html
MSDS sheets for the company's products can be found at http://www.fiberlock.com/products/msds.html
The company refers website visitors to a dealer locator network and states
"In the event you are unable to locate a distributor near you, please call us at 1-800-342-3755 "
- Foster Products, 1105 Frontenac St., Aurora IL 60504, Tel: 800-231-9541, Email: fosterproducts@hbfuller.com - http://www.fosterproducts.com/ -
MSDS sheets for the company's products such as Fosters 40-51 and Fosters Sealants can be found at http://www.fosterproducts.com/default.aspx?PageID=msds
- HSE, Health & Safety Executive, U.K., (Great Britain) HSEBooks distributes publications relating to biocides and pesticides, including:
- Merriam Webster Dictionary provides a brief definition of biocide at http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/biocide -
- Microban Antimicrobial Products - http://www.microban.com/. The company indicates that
"Microban® antimicrobial protection is built-in to products during manufacturing to provide continuous antimicrobial product protection. Microban protection can be found in hundreds of consumer, industrial and medical products around the world."
- New York State Department of Health, "Toy Cleaning Protocol", describes use of bleach as a sanitizer for cleaning toys. http://www.nyhealth.gov/facilities/hospital/emergency_preparedness/guideline_for_hospitals/section_06/appendix_06-02_appropriate_sanitizer.pdf
The state's toy cleaning glossary includes definitions of "disinfect" and describes using bleach solutions for that purpose.
- Protex 63, Trask Research, W.M. Barr, P.O. Box 1879, Memphis, TN 38101, - http://www.traskresearch.com/contact.html -
Tel: 1-866-370-2499 The company indicates that
"Protex 63 is an EPA registered fungicidal sealant that seals against mold, mildew, and green algae" and
"Protex™ 63 is a durable, sealant and coating that resists mold, mildew and algal growth. Protex™ dries clear and does not affect the appearance of most surfaces. Protex™ is especially formulated for exterior use."
MSDS data sheets are available from the manufacturer.
- Pro-Oxine's is offered by Bio-Cide International,
Corporate Offices,
2845 Broce Drive
Norman, OK 73072. See bio-cide.com. The Pro-Oxine's technical data indicates:
"ProOxine is a highly refined blend of oxychloro species containing purified sodium chlorite.
When activated, chlorine dioxide is produced, greatly enhancing ProOxine’s antimicrobial
activity. With applications in the food processing and water treatment industries, ProOxine
displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, proven effective against E. coli O157:H7,
Salmonella, Aspergillus, Listeria, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas, among others. This
product is especially suited for the removal and subsequent control of biofilm. ProOxine
has a myriad of EPA and FDA approvals."
- Rocima™40, produced by Dow Chemical Company's subsidiary Rohm and Haas, is a
"Broad spectrum, non-metallic liquid fungicide for a wide variety of fungal organisms"
http://www.rohmhaas.com/wcm/products/product_detail.page?display-mode=tds&product=1120851
The MSDS can be found at http://www.rohmhaas.com/wcm/products/product_detail.page?display-mode=msds&product=1120851
- University of Florida, IFAS extension, "Basic Elements of Equipment Cleaning and Sanitizing in Food Processing and Handling Operations" - http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs077
- U.S. EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, Water Science, Effluent Guidelines, Workshop Questions and Answers - http://www.epa.gov/guide/p2/faqs1.htm
Please clarify the sanitizer exemption, specifically for those products that are considered sanitizers, but are not exempted from the PFPR rule by the sanitizer exemption.
The exempted sanitizer products, as defined in section 455.10, are "pesticide products that are intended to disinfect or sanitize, reducing or mitigating growth or development of microbiological organisms including bacteria, fungi, or viruses on inanimate surfaces in the household, instritutional, and/or commercial environment and whose labeled directions for use result in the product being discharged to . . . POTWs. This definition shall also include sanitizer solutions as defined by 21 CFR 178.1010 and pool chemicals as defined in section 455.10(q). This definition does not include liquid chemical sterilants (including sporicidals) exempted by section 455.40(f) or otherwise, industrial preservatives, and water treatment microbiocides other than pool chemicals."
In other words, sanitizers, as defined (and including pool chemicals), are exempt from the rule when their labelled directions for use (not disposal) result in discharge to POTWs. The rule still covers certain liquid chemical sterilants, industrial preservatives, and water treatment microbiocides other than pool chemicals (e.g., cooling tower or boiler treatment microbiocides). If one product is registered for use as a sanitizer, pool, and cooling tower product, is it exempt from the rule?
In general, EPA intends to cover cooling tower biocides under this rule. However, if one product recipe (i.e., registered formulation) has the multiple uses listed above (meaning the chemical is used in the same concentration (percent active ingredient) in both sanitizer and cooling tower uses), the registrant can request their Regional Office or EPA's Office of Water to determine whether the wastewater resulting from the formulation, packaging, or repackaging of such a product is exempt from this rule.
More information from the US EPA
- Sanitizing Rinses (for previously cleaned food-contact surfaces) http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/antimicrobials/dis_tss_docs/dis-04.htm
- "Mold Cleaners and Disinfectants", US EPA, http://www.epa.gov/aging/resources/aftertheflood/mold.htm
"The cleanup process involves thorough washing and disinfecting of the walls, floors, closets, shelves, and contents of the house. In most cases, common household cleaning products and disinfectants are used for this task.
It is important to remember that disinfectants and sanitizers contain toxic substances. The ability of chemicals in cleaning products to cause health effects varies greatly, from those with no known health effects to those that are highly toxic."
Other Mold Cleaning Products, Paint Additives, Fungicidal Sealants, Paints, Coatings
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
 The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes, Carson Dunlop & Associates, Toronto, Ontario, 25th Ed., 2012, is a bound volume of more than 450 illustrated pages that assist home inspectors and home owners in the inspection and detection of problems on buildings. The text is intended as a reference guide to help building owners operate and maintain their home effectively. Field inspection worksheets are included at the back of the volume. Special Offer: For a 10% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference Book purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space. InspectAPedia.com editor Daniel Friedman is a contributing author.
Or choose the The Home Reference eBook for PCs, Macs, Kindle, iPad, iPhone, or Android Smart Phones. Special Offer: For a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Home Reference eBook purchased as a single order. Enter INSPECTAEHRB in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
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- Carson Dunlop, Associates, Toronto, have provided us with (and we recommend) Carson Dunlop Weldon & Associates' Technical Reference Guide to manufacturer's model and serial number information for heating and cooling equipment
Special Offer: Carson Dunlop Associates offers InspectAPedia readers in the U.S.A. a 5% discount on any number of copies of the Technical Reference Guide purchased as a single order. Just enter INSPECTATRG in the order payment page "Promo/Redemption" space.
- Environmental Health & Investigation Bibliography - our technical library on indoor air quality inspection, testing, laboratory procedures, forensic microscopy, etc.
- Adkins and Adkins Dictionary of Roman Religion discusses Robigus, the Roman god of crop protection and the legendary progenitor of wheat rust fungus.
- Kansas State University, department of plant pathology, extension plant pathology web page on wheat rust fungus: see http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/path-ext/factSheets/Wheat/Wheat%20Leaf%20Rust.asp
- "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home",
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
- US EPA - Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
- US EPA - Una Breva Guia a Moho - Hongo [Copy on file as /sickhouse/EPA_Moho_Guia_sp.pdf - en Espanol
- "A Brief Guide to Mold, Moisture, and Your Home", U.S. Environmental Protection Agency US EPA - includes basic advice for building owners, occupants, and mold cleanup operations. See http://www.epa.gov/mold/moldguide.htm
- "Disease Prevention Program for Certain Vegetable Crops," David B. Langston, Jr., Extension Plant Pathologist - Vegetables, University of Georgia (PDF document) original source: www.reeis.usda.gov/web/crisprojectpages/209797.html
- "Disease Prevention in Home Vegetable Gardens,"
Patricia Donald,
Department of Plant Microbiology and Pathology,
Lewis Jett
Department of Horticulture, University of Missouri Extension - extension.missouri.edu/publications/DisplayPub.aspx?P=G6202
- "Management of Powdery Mildew, Leveillula taurica, in Greenhouse Peppers," Ministry of Agriculture and Lands, British Columbia - Original source: www.agf.gov.bc.ca/cropprot/peppermildew.htm
- Fifth Kingdom, Bryce Kendrick, ISBN13: 9781585100224, is available from the InspectAPedia online bookstore - we recommend the CD-ROM version of this book. This 3rd/edition is a compact but comprehensive encyclopedia of all things mycological. Every aspect of the fungi, from aflatoxin to zppspores, with an accessible blend of verve and wit. The 24 chapters are filled with up-to-date information of classification, yeast, lichens, spore dispersal, allergies, ecology, genetics, plant pathology, predatory fungi, biological control, mutualistic symbioses with animals and plants, fungi as food, food spoilage and mycotoxins.
- Fungi, Identifying Filamentous, A Clinical Laboratory Handbook, Guy St-
- US EPA: Mold Remediation in Schools and Commercial Building [Copy on file at /sickhouse/EPA_Mold_Remediation_in_Schools.pdf ] - US EPA
- Mycology, Fundamentals of Diagnostic, Fran Fisher, Norma B. Cook, W.B. Saunders Co. 1998, ISBN 0-7216-5006-6 (buy this book at Amazon)
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