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InspectAPedia ® Home EXTERIORS of buildings ADHESIVES, EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION AGE of a BUILDING - how to determine ALGAE, FUNGUS, LICHENS, MOSS ANIMAL ENTRY POINTS in buildings ARCHITECTURE & BUILDING COMPONENT ID BARK SIDE UP on DECKS & STEPS BASEMENT WATERPROOFING BRICK STRUCTURAL WALL Loose Bulged BRICK VENEER WALL Loose, Bulged BRICK WALL DRAINAGE WEEP HOLES BOOKSTORE - EXTERIORS CARPENTER ANTS CARPENTER BEES CATCH BASINS CAULK GUN TYPES, CHOICES CAULKS & SEALANTS, EXTERIOR CHIMNEY INSPECTION DIAGNOSIS REPAIR DECK & PORCH CONSTRUCTION DECK FINISHES COATINGS PRESERVATIVES DRYWELLS, FRENCH DRAINS for FLAT SITES EIFS & STUCCO EXTERIORS EXTERIOR WALL SIDING TRIM & FINISHES EXTRACTIVE BLEEDING STAINS FLASHING ROOF-WALL SNAFU FOUNDATION WATERPROOFING FRENCH DRAINS GALVANIC SCALE & METAL CORROSION GLUES ADHESIVES, EXTERIOR CONSTRUCTION GRADING, DRAINAGE & SITE WORK GUTTERS & DOWNSPOUTS HOUSE PARTS, DEFINITIONS HOUSEWRAP / SHEATHING WRAP HOUSEWRAP INSTALLATION DETAILS HOUSEWRAP PRODUCT CHOICES HOUSEWRAP at SILLS, SOLES, TOP PLATES ICE DAM PREVENTION INSECT INFESTATION / DAMAGE LEAD POISONING HAZARDS GUIDE LOG HOME GUIDE LIGHTNING PROTECTION OIL TANKS PAINT & STAIN GUIDE, EXTERIOR PAINT & STAIN LIFE CHART PAINT & STAIN SELECTION & PROCEDURES PAINT ANALYSIS, DIAGNOSTIC USES PAINT FALURE, DIAGNOSIS, CURE, PREVENTION PAINT FAILURE DICTIONARY PAINT LAB SAMPLE PREPARATION PAINT SURFACE PREPARATION PAINTING MISTAKES PORCHES & Sunrooms PORCH CONSTRUCTION & SCREENING RAILINGS, DECK & PORCH RAILINGS, STAIRWAY RETAINING WALL DESIGNS, TYPES, DAMAGE RETAINING WALL GUARD RAILINGS ROOF CLEANING RECOMMENDATIONS ROT RESISTANT LUMBER SHEATHING, Gypsum board Sheathing Celotex Homasote & Other SHEATHING, OSB SHEATHING, Plywood SHEATHING, FOIL FACED - VENTS SIDING TYPES, INSTALLATION, DEFECTS SINKHOLES, WARNING SIGNS STAIN DIAGNOSIS on BUILDING EXTERIORS STAIN DIAGNOSIS on ROOFS STAIN DIAGNOSIS on STONE STAIRS, RAILINGS, LANDINGS, RAMPS STONE CLEANING METHODS STONE VENEER WALLS STUCCO WAll FAILURES DUE TO WEATHER STUCCO WALL METHODS & INSTALLATION STUCCO OVER FOAM INSULATION STUCCO PAINT FAILURES SURFACE GRADING, SITE DRAINAGE TERMITES Thermal Expansion Cracking of Brick TREES & SHRUBS, TRIM OFF BUILDING TRIM, EXTERIOR CHOICES, INSTALLATION VINYL SIDING VINYL Siding or PLASTIC Window ODORS WATER BARRIERS, EXTERIOR BUILDING WATER ENTRY in buildings WINDOWS & DOORS    More Information |
This article lists significant building exterior component defects, definitions, and home inspection education topics. This article series, beginning at BUILDING DEFECTS LISTS, provides lists of common building defects and basic defect knowledge that also outline recommended curriculum content for home inspector education. The building defects and inspection points listed in these articles also guide homeowners and home buyers to building areas that merit careful attention and often point areas of safety concern or important maintenance and repair tasks. Readers should see EXTERIORS of buildings for our complete list of articles on this topic. Also see HOME & BUILDING INSPECTORS & INSPECTION METHODS. Use the Search Box at the top or bottom of these pages to find in-depth information about building, energy savings, and indoor environment inspection, diagnosis and repair at this website. Green links show where you are. © Copyright 2013 InspectAPedia.com, All Rights Reserved. Author Daniel Friedman. Home Inspection Education Curriculum - Exteriors, Walls, Windows, Doors7. Building EXTERIORs: Inspection Recommendations & Lists of Typical Defects7.1 Exterior Building Wall Cladding Inspection & Defects List7.1.1 Knowledge Base for inspecting building exteriors: walls, soffits, fascia, windows, doors, trim, flashing, caulking1. Describe the function of exterior wall surfaces, soffits and fascia, windows and doors, trim flashings and caulking. 2. Describe the materials and components of each of the items listed above. 3. Describe the features of adequate installation and repair technique for each of the items listed above. 4. Define the following terms: Siding, building paper, housewrap, sheathing, air/vapor barrier, insulation, efflorescence, spalling, mortar deterioration, weep holes, rising damp, vented rain screen principle, safety glazing, stucco, synthetic stucco, portland cement stucco, lime-cement stucco, aggregate, lath, EIFS (exterior insulating finishing system), backwrapping, drain screen, rain screen, drip screed, kickout, drying potential, beadboard, siding (beveled, board and batten, tongue and groove, ship-lap, channel and drop), shakes (taper split, hand split and re-sawn, straight split, taper-sawn), plywood, hardboard, oriented strandboard (OSB), waferboard, capillary break on windowsill. 5. Identify the codes or standards in your area which apply to each system listed above. 7.1.2 Inspection Skills for inspecting building exteriors: walls, soffits, fascia, windows, doors, trim, flashing, caulking1. Describe the inspection procedure for each of exterior systems and components. 2. Identify the following common defects listed on the next page. 3. Describe the implication of each defect. 4. Identify safety issues for the inspector and occupant of the house (fall hazard) 5. Communicate findings to client verbally and in writing, recommending corrective action where needed. Building EXTERIOR CLADDING TYPICAL DEFECTSWALL Defects - GENERALMETAL AND VINYL SIDING• Exposed foundations — • Buckled or wavy cracked or spalled • Insulation problems • Discolored • Planters and gardens against walls • Flashing and caulking defects • Too close to grade or wood/soil contact • Loose • Vines • Mechanical damage • Water penetration • Metal siding not grounded • Rust BRICK, STONE AND CONCRETE• Too close to grade • Bowing walls CEMENT-BASED SIDING (Fiber-cement, Asbestos Cement) • Cracking • Efflorescence • Loose • Mechanical damage • Mechanical damage • Missing, ineffective weep holes or • Missing paint or caulking flashings • Mortar deterioration • Nailing problems • Spalling • Too close to grade • Too close to grade CLAY AND SLATE SHINGLES STUCCO AND EIFS(SYNTHETIC STUCCO) • Broken • Bulging • Damage • Cracking • Flashing or joint defects • Crumbling • Loose or missing pieces • Incompatible flashings • Missing or loose • Loose • Paint or stain needed • Mechanical damage • Rot • Moisture penetration • Too close to grade • No drip screed • Vents missing or ineffective • Rusted lath or trim • Too close to grade ASPHALT SHINGLES AND INSUL-BRICK
WOOD SIDING (Board, Shakes And Shingles)• Aging • Loose • Loose, missing or torn tabs • Paint or stain – needed • Too close to grade • Rot • Splitting SOFFITS AND FASCIA • Too close to grade • Damage • Warping • Loose or missing pieces • Paint or stain needed PLYWOOD, HARDBOARD AND OSB• Rot • Vents missing, ineffective • Buckling and cracking • Delamination TRIM FLASHINGS AND CAULKING • Inner-Seal® • Loose • Caulking missing or ineffective • Mechanical damage • Flashings incomplete or ineffective • Rot • Flashings missing • Swelling • Loose • Too close to grade • Rot Improper nailing • Rust
WINDOWS, SKYLIGHTS AND SOLARIUMSGENERAL SASHES • Air leaks • Inoperable • Lintels sagging or missing • Loose fit • Water leaks • Poor weatherstrip • Rot FRAMES • Rust • Sash coming apart • Deformation • Stiff • Drain holes blocked or missing • Installed backwards GLASS (GLAZING) • Racked • Rot • Broken • Rust • Cracked • Excess condensation vapor occlusions JDG EXTERIOR DRIP CAPS • Loose • Lost seal on double or triple glazing same as above in red JDG • Ineffective • Missing • Missing STORMS AND SCREENS EXTERIOR TRIM• Loose • Caulking or flashing missing, deteriorated, • Missing loose, rusting or incomplete • Damaged, cracked or loose • Rusted • Inadequate sill projection • Torn or holes • Missing • No drip edge SKYLIGHTS AND SOLARIUMS • Paint or stain needed • Putty (glazing compound) cracked, missing, • Evidence of ice dams loose or deteriorated • Rot • Special glazing not provided (more than 15 inches off vertical) • Rust Vapor occlusions. JDG • Sills with reverse slope • Vines DOORS on Building Exteriors: List of Typical DefectsGENERAL GLASS (GLAZING)• Air leaks • Broken • Lintels sagging or missing • Cracked • Water leaks • Excess condensation • Loose DOORS AND FRAMES • Lost seal on double or triple glazing • Missing • Damaged Firedoors at garages JDG • Dark paint on metal exposed to sun STORMS AND SCREENS • Deformation • Delaminated • Loose • Drain holes blocked or missing • Missing • Installed backwards • Rusted • Loose or poor fit • Torn or holes • Plastic trim on metal door behind storm • Racked • Rot • Rust EXTERIOR DRIP CAPS • Ineffective • Missing Building EXTERIOR TRIM, Defects List• Caulking or flashing missing, deteriorated, loose, rusting or incomplete • Damaged, cracked or loose • Inadequate sill projection • Missing • No drip edge • Paint or stain needed • Putty (glazing compound) cracked, missing, loose or deteriorating • Rot • Rust • Sill too low • Sill not well supported • Sills with reverse slope Also see these related article groups: Watch out: these inspection lists do not list all possible defects for the systems discussed, and not all home or building inspectors will examine all of the items listed here. CONTACT us to suggest corrections or additions to articles at this website. These curriculae and building defect lists are based on smilar curriculum documents first prepared by Joe Scaduto, an ASHI member who prepared course material for Northeastern University's Building Inspection Certificate program in 1988, subsequently by DF, InspectApedia's editor, for New York University ca 1988 and later, with others, recommended to ASHI, the American Society of Home Inspectors. ASHI did not adopt this material though currently that association as well as others offer extensive HOME INSPECTOR EDUCATION material. The curriculum and lists of defects are informed by additional analysis of the process of home inspection that was developed beginning Calgary, AB for Canadian and U.S. home inspector education and certification examinations in 1997. Other early contributors to home inspection education in the U.S. and Canada include Dr. Jess Aronstein, Alan Carson, Mike Casey, Mark Cramer, John Cox, Dwight Barnett, Douglas Hansen, Rick Heyl, Larry Hoytt, Bill Merrill, Kevin O'Malley, Dennis Robitalille, Keith Peddie, Pat Porzio, Roger Robinson. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)... Ask a Question or Search InspectApediaQuestions & answers or comments about home inspection course curriculua Ask a Question or Enter Search Terms in the InspectApedia search box just below. Technical Reviewers & ReferencesRelated Topics, found near the top of this page suggest articles closely related to this one.
Books & Articles on Building & Environmental Inspection, Testing, Diagnosis, & Repair
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Carson, Dunlop & Associates Ltd.,
The Home Reference Book - the Encyclopedia of Homes